新课堂英语必修三译林版讲义Unit2PartⅣ

PartⅣProjectⅠ.重点单词1．deedn．行为，行动2．huntvt.&vi.打猎，猎杀；搜寻3．representvt.代表；展示，描绘4．combinevt.&vi.组合；(使)联合5．distinguishvt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征6．shortcomingn．缺点，短处7．pressvt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力n．报刊；新闻界；出版社8．battlen．&vi.战斗9．patternn．图案，花纹；模式，方式10．dragvt.(使劲地)拖，拉11．thusadv.以此方式；如此；因此，从而12．versionn．版本13．appearancen．外观，外貌→appearvi.出现，出场14.simplifyvt.简化→simpleadj.简单的→simplyadv.简单地；简明地15．indicatevt.显示，表示；象征，暗示→indicationn．征兆，迹象；指示16．convenientadj.方便的→convenientlyadv.方便地，便利地→conveniencen．方便，便利17．practicaladj.切实可行的，实用的→practicen．&vt.实践；应用；练习18．differvi.相异，有区别→differencen．差别→differentadj.不同的→differentlyadv.不同地，有差别地Ⅱ.核心短语1．differ__from与……不同，不同于2．instead__of代替，而不是3．stand__for代表，象征4．as__a__whole作为整体，总体上5．turninto变成6．inthe1950s在二十世纪五十年代7．thinkof想到8．asaresultof由于，作为……结果Ⅲ.经典句式1．TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesin__that，insteadofanalphabet，itusescharacterswhichstandforideas，objectsordeeds.汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。2．Not__all__charactersweredevelopedfromdrawingsofobjects.并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。3．Therefore,amethodwasdevelopedtohaveonepartofacharacterindicatethemeaningandtheothersuggestthepronunciation.因此，便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。4．Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier’sideainteresting，thesystemwastoodifficulttobe__of__practical__use．虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这个方法太复杂而不实用。1.联想记单词①这里的泉水当然(sure)是“纯净的”(pure)→pureadj.纯的，纯净的，纯粹的②他在动物园里参观时喂(feed)动物的“行为”(deed)违反了规定→deedn．行为，行动2.名词动用词concernn．关心；忧虑→vt.涉及；使担忧，对……感兴趣pressn．报刊；新闻界；出版社→vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力3.名词后缀：－ance；－ence；－sionappearv．显得，看来，似乎→appearancen．外观，外貌convenientadj.方便的→conveniencen．方便，适宜，便利concludev．断定，推断出→conclusionn．结论，推论4.合成词short(短的，矮的)＋coming(来到，来临)→shortcomingn．缺点原文呈现ThedevelopmentofChinesecharacters①TheChineselanguagediffersfrom②Westernlanguagesinthat，insteadofanalphabet③，itusescharacterswhichstandfor④ideas，objectsordeeds⑤．Chinesewordsareformedbyputtingtogetherdiffercharacters.Incharacters.Inmanycases⑥，asinglecharactercanalsomakeup⑦aword.ThehistoryoftheChineselanguagecanbeexaminedbylookingathowthesecharactersdeveloped.Chinesewriting⑧beganthousandsofyearsago.Accordingto⑨anancientstory，amannamedCangJieinvented⑩Chinesewriting.Onewinterdaywhilehewashunting?，hesawthetracks?ofanimalsinthesnowandobservedthattheappearance?ofeachonewasdifferent.Thenhehadtheideathathecouldusedifferentshapestorepresent?differentobjects．ThefirstChinesecharactersweredrawings?ofphysical?objects.Somecharactershavebeensimplified?andothershavebeenmademoredifficultovertime?.However，asawhole?，thecharactershavedevelopedfromdrawingsintostandardforms.Thecharacterforamountainwasatfirstthreemountaintops?together.Thisbecameonemountaintopandthreelines，andovertimeturnedintothecharacterusednowadays.Notallcharactersweredevelopedfromdrawingsofobjects.Sometimestoexpressideas，somecharactersweremadebycombiningeq\o(○,\s\up5(21))twoormorecharacterstogether.Forexampleeq\o(○,\s\up5(22))，‘rest’wasmadeupofeq\o(○,\s\up5(23))thecharactersforamanandatree.Thecharacter‘prisoner’wasformedwitheq\o(○,\s\up4(24))a‘man’insideasquare.Othercharactersweredevelopedfordirectionsandnumbers.Itiseasytodistinguisheq\o(○,\s\up4(25))theirmeaningsbylookingatthem，forexample，thecharactersfor‘up’and‘down’，whichareoppositeseq\o(○,\s\up4(26))ofeachother．Thoughthesekindsofcharactersindicateeq\o(○,\s\up4(27))meanings，oneoftheirshortcomingseq\o(○,\s\up4(28))isthattheydonotshowhowtheyshouldbepronouncedeq\o(○,\s\up4(29)).Thereforeeq\o(○,\s\up4(30))，amethodwasdevelopedtohaveeq\o(○,\s\up4(31))onepartofacharacterindicatethemeaningandtheothersuggestthepronunciation.ManyChinesecharactersusedtodayweremadethisway.Inthe1950seq\o(○,\s\up4(32))theChinesegovernmentintroducedsimplifiedChinesecharacterseq\o(○,\s\up4(33))andnowtheyhavewidespreaduseinChina’smainland.阅读清障①Chinesecharacters汉字②differfrom和……不同，不同于differ/'dIf?(r)/vi.相异，有区别※inthat“在于，因为”，引导原因状语从句③alphabet/'?lf?bet/n.(一种语言的)字母表，全部字母※whichstandfor...是定语从句，修饰characters。④standfor代表，象征⑤deed/di?d/n.行为，行动⑥inmanycases在许多情况下⑦makeup构成⑧writing/'raItI?/n.文字；文字作品⑨accordingto“根据”，是介词短语，后跟名词作宾语。※过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰aman。⑩inventv．发明；创造；捏造discover发现?hunt/h?nt/vt.&vi.打猎，猎杀；搜寻?trackn．踪迹?appearance/?'pI?r?ns/n.外观，外貌※thathecoulduse...是同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容。?represent/?reprI'zent/vt.代表；展示，描绘?drawing/'dr??I?/n.绘画，绘画艺术?physicaladj.有形的；实物的；物质的；物理的?simplify/'sImplIfaI/vt.简化?overtime随着时间的推移；久而久之?asawhole作为整体，总体上?mountaintopn．山顶※Notall...是部分否定句式，意为“并不是所有的……都……”。※动词不定式短语toexpressideas作目的状语。eq\o(○,\s\up5(21))combine/k?m'baIn/vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合combinesthandsth(together)使某物与另一物结合起来combinesthwithsth把某物与另一物相混合eq\o(○,\s\up4(22))forexample例如eq\o(○,\s\up4(23))bemadeupof由……组成/构成eq\o(○,\s\up4(24))beformedwith由……组成※it为形式主语，真正的主语是todistinguish...。eq\o(○,\s\up4(25))distinguish/dI'stI?ɡwI?/vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征distinguish(between)AandB＝distinguishAfromB区分A和B※whichareopposites...是非限制性定语从句，修饰thecharactersfor‘up’and‘down’。eq\o(○,\s\up4(26))oppositen．对应物；对立面eq\o(○,\s\up4(27))indicate/'IndIkeIt/vt.显示，表示；象征，暗示eq\o(○,\s\up4(28))shortcoming/'???tk?mI?/n.缺点，短处eq\o(○,\s\up4(29))pronouncev．发音eq\o(○,\s\up4(30))thereforeadv.因此；所以eq\o(○,\s\up4(31))havesb/sthdosth让某人/某物做某事getsb/sthtodosth让某人/某物做某事※usedtoday作后置定语，修饰characters。eq\o(○,\s\up4(32))inthe1950s在20世纪50年代eq\o(○,\s\up4(33))simplifiedChinesecharacters简化汉字ThestoryofBrailleUsually，whenwetalkabout①reading，wethinkof②usingoureyestoseeletterswritteninink③onpaper．However④，thisisnotalwaystrue.Forexample，blindpeoplecannotsee，buttheycanstillreadbooks.ThemanwhointroducedblindpeopletoreadingwasLouisBraille(1809－1852)．Braillelosthiseyesight⑤attheageof⑥threeasaresultof⑦aninjury.Whenhewasten，hewenttoaschoolfortheblind⑧inParis.Inthosedays，booksforblindpeopleusedpaperpressed⑨againstmetalwire⑩toformletters．Sincethemetalwirewasheavy，eachbookweighed?asmuchas?100pounds.Thewholesystemwasnotconvenient?foruse.Indeed?，theschoollibraryonlyhadfourteensuchbooksinit.In1821，asoldiervisitedtheschoolandshowedthestudentsasystemforpassingmessagesatnightduringtimesofbattle?.Hissystemusedpaperwithsmall，raiseddotsthatcouldbefeltwiththefingers．Eachletterofthealphabetwasrepresented?byadifferentpattern?whichconsistedof?twelvedots．Thesoldierswoulddrag?theirfingersovertheraiseddotstoreadthemessage.Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier’sideainteresting，thesystemwastoodifficultto?beofpracticaleq\o(○,\s\up4(21))use.However，youngLouisBrailletooktheideaandworkedoneq\o(○,\s\up4(22))it.Attheageoffifteen，hecreatedasystemwithpatternsofsixraiseddotsrepresentingeachletter．‘Braille’，thesystemforreadingusedtodaybyblindpeoplearoundtheworldeq\o(○,\s\up4(23))，wasthuseq\o(○,\s\up4(24))born.Theblindcaneasilyrecognizeeq\o(○,\s\up4(25))Braillewiththefingers.TheycanalsoeasilywriteinBraillewithaspecialtypewritereq\o(○,\s\up4(26)).Today，itisthemostcommonsystemusedbyblindpeopleforreadingandwriting，andnearlyeverylanguage，includingChinese，hasitsownversioneq\o(○,\s\up4(27))ofBrailleforitspeopletouse.①talkabout说到；谈到②thinkof想到；考虑③ink/I?k/n.墨水，油墨※过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰letters。④however是副词，意为“然而”，表示转折关系。※who引导定语从句，修饰roduce...to/into把……引入，介绍……到。⑤eyesight/'aIsaIt/n.视力⑥attheageof在……岁时⑦asaresultof由于；因为；作为……的结果⑧theblind盲人the＋adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。⑨press/pres/vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力n．报刊；新闻界；出版社pressagainst压在……上(压住，施压于)⑩wire/'waI?(r)/n.金属丝；铁丝网※动词不定式短语toformletters作目的状语。※since用作连词，意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句，一般用于表示大家已知的事实。?weighv．重达；有……重量?asmuchas多达；和……一样多?convenient/'k?n'vi?nI?nt/adj.方便的beconvenientforsb对某人来说方便?indeedadv.事实上；的确?battle/'b?tl/n.&vi.战斗※with作定语修饰paper；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词dots。?representv．代表；表示?pattern/'p?tn/n.图案，花纹；模式，方式?consistof由……组成/构成不用于进行时态和被动语态。※which定语从句，修饰先行词pattern。?drag/dr?ɡ/vt.(使劲地)拖；拉※让步状语从句，是“虽然，尽管”；foundthesoldier’sideainteresting中的interesting作宾补。?too...to...太……而不能……eq\o(○,\s\up4(21))practical/'pr?ktIkl/adj.切实可行的，实用的ofpracticaluse意为“实用的”，一般来说，“of＋抽象名词”相当于形容词，常用作表语。eq\o(○,\s\up4(22))workon从事※with复合结构，作后置定语，修饰asystem。eq\o(○,\s\up4(23))aroundtheworld世界各地eq\o(○,\s\up4(24))thus/e?s/adv.以此方式，如此；因此，从而eq\o(○,\s\up4(25))recognizev．识别；认出；认识eq\o(○,\s\up4(26))typewriter/'taIpraIt?(r)/n.打字机※过去分词短语作定语，修饰system。eq\o(○,\s\up4(27))version/'v???n/n.版本Ⅰ.Readthetextandchoosethebestanswer.1．ThemaindifferencebetweentheChineselanguageandmanyWesternlanguagesshouldbethat________.A．WesternlanguagesareusuallyformedbycombiningandmixingmanydifferentlanguagesfromdifferentcountriesB．thecharacterstheChineselanguageuseshavemeaningsandcanworkaloneaswords,whileWesternlanguagescan’tC．theChineselanguagehasalongerhistorythanWesternlanguagesD．theChineselanguageiseasiertobeunderstoodthanWesternlanguages2．FromthestoryofCangJieweknowthefirstChinesecharacterswereinventedtorepresent________．A．objects B．ideasC．actions D．pictures3．Whichisthecorrectexplanationabouttheformingofthecharacter“休”？A．Amanlyingonthegroundwithhisarmscrossed.B．Amanlyingagainstatree.C．Amanrunning.D．Atreelyingbesideaman.4．Whichofthefollowingisformedwithonepartshowingthepronunciationandtheotherindicatingthemeaning?A．明 B．囚C．卡 D．吓5．Thepassageismainlytalkingabout________．A．howtheChinesecharacterswereinventedB．howtheChinesecharactershavedevelopedC．howtheChinesecharactershavebeeninfluencedbyWesternlanguagesD．howthesimplifiedChinesecharacterswereintroduced答案1.B2.A3.B4.D5.BⅡ.Fillineachblankwithonlyonewordaccordingtothetext.ThedevelopmentofChinesecharactersBriefintroduction?InChineselanguage，weusecharactersinsteadofanalphabet.?Mbiningdifferentcharacters.?Sometimesasinglecharactercanalsomakeupaword.Origin?CangJie，whowas2.inspiredbythetracksofanimalsinthesnow，inventedthefirstChinesecharacters.?Heuseddifferentshapesto3.representdifferentobjects.Different4．ways/methodsofformingcharacters?Somecharactersweremadeupoftwoormorecharacters.?Someweremadefordirectionsandnumbers.?Somecharactersconsistedoftwoparts，one5.indicating/suggestingthemeaningandtheothershowingthepronunciation.SimplifiedChinesecharacters6.Introducedinthe1950sandcomingintowidespreadusenow.ThestoryofBrailleThe7．InventorofBrailleNameLouisBrailleExperiences?Losinghis8.eyesightattheageofthreeduetoaninjury.?Goingtoschoolfortheblindatten.Formation?Itsdevelopmentwas9.basedonasoldier’sidea.?Beingasystemwithpatternsofsixraiseddotswhichstandforeachletter.AdvantagesBeing10.easy/practicalfortheblindtorecognizewiththefingersandwritewithaspecialtypewriter.1.differvi.相异，有区别TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesinthat，insteadofanalphabet，itusescharacterswhichstandforideas，objectsordeeds.(教材P38)汉语与西方语言的不同之处在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表达思想、物体和行为。(1)differfrom...in...在……方面和……不同differwithsbabout/over/onsth在某事上与某人意见不同(2)differencen.不同，差别makeadifference(对某人/物)有作用或影响，有差别(3)differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom与……不同①MybrotherandIarealikeinappearance，butdifferinourtastes.我们兄弟俩长得很像，但爱好却不相同。②Wedifferwithyouropiniononthatpoint.在那一点上我们和你持不同意见。③AmericanEnglishissignificantlydifferentfromBritishEnglish.美国英语与英国英语有很大差异。2.representvt.代表；展示；描述；声称Thenhehadtheideathathecouldusedifferentshapestorepresentdifferentobjects.(教材P38)接着他有了用不同形状代表不同物体的想法。[一词多义]写出下列句子中represent的汉语意思①Letmerepresentmyideastoyouinanotherway.展示②ThesepicturesrepresentJapaneselandscapesatallseasonsoftheyear.描绘③MyonlyaimistorepresentBritainattheOlympics.代表(1)represent...tosb向某人描绘……representsth/oneselfas/tobe把……描绘成，自称是……represent...todosth代表……做某事(2)representationn.代表；描绘；陈述representativeadj.典型的，有代表性的n.代表，代理人④Theyoungrepresentedhimselfas/to__bealawyer.那个年轻人声称自己是律师。[名师点津]represent用来表示“代表某人/团体/政府等”，也可以表示“把某人/某物描绘成……”；standfor指字母、图形或符号代表或象征某人/某物。binevt.&vi.组合；(使)联合；使结合；兼备Sometimestoexpressideas，somecharactersweremadebycombiningtwoormorecharacterstogether.(教材P38)有时为了表达想法，某些汉字由两个或更多的汉字联合起来而创造的。(1)combineAand/withB把A和B结合/联合combinetodosth联(结)合起来做某事combineagainst...为反抗……而联合(2)combinationn.[U]联合；结合；[C]混合体，结合体incombinationwith与……联合/结合(3)combinedadj.联合的，结合的①Weconsideritnecessaryto__combine(combine)workwithrest.我们认为劳逸结合是必要的。②Effortsandconfidencecombineto__make(make)afullman.努力与信心结合造就完人。③Hecarriedonthebusinessincombinationwithhisfriends.他与朋友们合伙做生意。[名师点津]combine不与together连用。4.distinguishvt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征Itiseasytodistinguishtheirmeaningsbylookingatthem，forexample，thecharactersfor‘up’and‘down’，whichareoppositesofeachother.(教材P38)通过看它们的字形，很容易区别它们的意思，比如汉字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反。(1)distinguishbetween...and...区别/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……，使……具有区别于……的特征distinguishoneself使出众；使着名distinguishedadj.着名的，杰出的，高贵的(2)bedistinguishedfrom与……不同，有别于bedistinguishedfor/as因/作为……而着称①Thetwinsaresoalikethatitisdifficulttodistinguishonefromtheother.这对孪生儿长得很像，很难分辨出谁是谁。②Hedistinguishedhimselfbyhisperformanceintheexamination.他在考试中成绩优异，因而显得突出。③Hangzhouisdistinguishedforitsbeautifulscenery.杭州因其风景秀丽而着称。5.indicatevt.显示，表示；象征，暗示Thoughthesekindsofcharactersindicatemeanings，oneoftheirshortcomingsisthattheydonotshowhowtheyshouldbepronounced.(教材P38)虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们的缺点之一是其字形不能显示怎样发音。(1)indicatesthtosb向某人指出某物indicatethat...表明/标示……indicatewh－todo...表明/指出/标示……(2)indicationn.显示；表明；迹象①Shetookoutamapandindicatedthequickestroutetous.她拿出一张地图，给我们指出最快捷的路线。②Theresearchindicatesthatitmayraisethespeedofdrawingandsimplifytheprocess.研究表明，此法可以提高绘图速度，简化过程。③Indications(indicate)arethatthesituationhasn’timprovedmuch.迹象表明，情况并未有大的改观。6.pressvt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力；敦促；逼迫n．报刊；新闻界；出版社Inthosedays，booksforblindpeopleusedpaperpressedagainstmetalwiretoformletters.(教材P39)在那时，盲人用书是用纸压在金属丝上来形成字母。pressone’swaythrough从……中挤过去presssthonsb把……强加于某人（2）press...against将……压在……上（3）pressuren.压力，压迫underpressure在……压力下)①Thelittlegirlpressedhernoseagainsttheshopwindow.小女孩把她的鼻子紧贴在商店橱窗上。②Theyarepressingusto__make(make)aquickdecision.他们正在敦促我们迅速做出决定。③Hepressedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他从人群中挤了过去。7.convenientadj.方便的Thewholesystemwasnotconvenientforuse.(教材P39)整个系统用起来不方便。(1)beconvenientto/for对于……是方便的Itisconvenientforsbtodosth做某事对某人来说是方便的(2)conveniencen.[U]便利，方便[C]便利的事物forconvenience为了方便起见atone’sconvenience在某人方便的时候①MayIcomeandtalkwithyouwheneverit’sconvenient?在你方便时我能来和你谈谈吗？②Pleasesendmeananswerat__your__convenience．请你在方便时给我回信。③Weboughtthishouseforconvenience；it’sneartheshopsandtheschool.我们买这座房子是图个方便，它靠近商店和学校。1.standfor代表，象征；主张，支持；忍受TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesinthat，insteadofanalphabet，itusescharacterswhichstandforideas，objectsordeeds.(教材P38)汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。[一词多义]写出下列句子中standfor的汉语意思①CouldyoutellmewhatVOAstandsfor？代表②Peopleusuallyeatmooncakeswhichstandforahappyreunion.象征③IwanttoknowwhatshestandsforbeforeIvoteforher.支持，主张④Iamnotstandingforitanylonger.忍受standby袖手旁观；支持，忠于standout出色，杰出；显眼，突出standup起立，站立；经得起⑤Thenewroadsigniseasytoread；thewordsstand__outwell.新路标容易辨认，上面的字很醒目。⑥Howcanyoustandbyandlethimtreathisdoglikethat?他那样虐待他那只狗，你怎么能袖手旁观？2.asawhole作为整体，总体上However，asawhole，thecharactershavedevelopedfromdrawingsintostandardforms.(教材P38)然而，总体看来，汉字已从图画发展为标准字形。onthewhole＝generally大体上，总的来说thewholeofsth全部，全体，所有①Wemustconsiderthesemattersasawhole.我们必须从整体上考虑这些事情。②There’snohighpointinthelogo’sdesign,butmostofusareinfavorofitonthewhole.对这个标志的设计没有到最好，但基本上我们大多数人都赞成它。③Theeffectswilllastforthewholeofhislife.这些将会持续影响他的一生。1．TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesinthat，insteadofanalphabet，itusescharacterswhichstandforideas，objectsordeeds.(教材P38)汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。本句为双重主从复合句，inthat引导的是原因状语从句，意为“因为”。引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：(1)because/as由于，因为(2)since/when/nowthat既然，因为(3)seeingthat既然，因为①ThenewsystemisbetterinthatitprovidesfasteraccesstotheInternet.新系统更好是因为它的网络连接速度更快。②Isaidnothingaboutitbecausehiswifewasthere.因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。③Seeing__thatit’srainingoutside，we’dbetterstayindoors.考虑到外面在下雨，我们最好待在室内。2．Notallcharactersweredevelopedfromdrawingsofobjects.(教材P38)并不是所有汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。(1)notall...＝all...not表示部分否定，也称半否定。①AllAmericanpeopledidn’tsupportTrump.并非所有的美国人都支持特朗普。(2)具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everyone，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。②Everybodywasnotrescuedfromtheearthquake.那次地震中并不是所有人都被抢救出来了。③Yourcompositionisnotaltogetherbad，thespellingisgoodbutgrammarispoor.你的作文并非都不好，拼写好，但语法差。④Bothhisparentsare__notabroad.他的父母并非都在国外。(3)而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，nomore，nolonger等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。⑤Neither__ofhisparentsisabroad.他的父母没有一个在国外的。3．Therefore，amethodwasdevelopedtohaveonepartofacharacterindicatethemeaningandtheothersuggestthepronunciation.(教材P38)因此，便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。句中have是使役动词，构成“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾语是onepartofacharacter和theother，宾补是indicatethemeaning和suggestthepronunciation。have作使役动词的用法：(1)have＋宾语＋do...让……做……(2)have＋宾语＋doing...让……一直做……或处于做……的状态(3)have＋宾语＋doneeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(①表示让别人做……,②表示主语遭遇……))①Thedoctorhadmetakeexercisefortwohourseveryday.医生让我每天锻炼两个小时。②HewasbusywhenIvisitedhimandhadmewaiting(wait)forhalfanhour.我拜访他时，他正好忙着，让我等了半小时。③TomorrowIwillhavemycarrepaired(repair)．明天，我要去修车。④IhadmywalletstolenwhileIwasonthesubway.乘地铁时，我的钱包被偷了。4．Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier’sideainteresting，thesystemwastoodifficulttobeofpracticaluse.(教材P39)虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这个方法太复杂而不实用。句中beofpracticaluse属于“be＋of＋n.(抽象名词)”结构。(1)of＋抽象名词＝该名词相对应的形容词。如：of(great)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(value,importance,use,help,interest))＝(very)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(valuable,important,useful,helpful,interesting))(2)of后加表示度量、种类、形状、颜色等的名词，可用来描述人或事物的特征，在句中可作表语或定语。如：of...size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/shape/kind/type①Thedictionaryisofgreatusetous.这本词典对我们很有用。②Thisisanissueofgreatimportancetoalldisabledpeople.＝Thisisavery__importantissuetoalldisabledpeople.这个问题对于所有残疾人至关重要。③Wedon’tthinkthereisanythingof__interestinyourpictures.我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方。④Thetwoboysare__of__the__same__age，butareofdifferentheights.这两个男孩年龄相同，但身高不同。[名师点津]“of＋抽象名词”结构中，抽象名词前可用any，some，little，no，notmuch，great等形容词修饰，用以说明其程度；“of＋名词(表示度量、大小、颜色、类别等)”结构中，名词前常用a(n)，thesame，this，that，all，different等词修饰或说明。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Yourideasareveryinteresting，butweneedpractical(practice)suggestionstogetusoutofthemess.2．TheyoungpianistnamedLangLangstandsoutamongthemusiccircleandiswellreceivedbytheaudience.3．Thismatterisofnosignificance(significant)．4．There’snotmuchdifference(differ)inpricebetweenthetwocomputers.5．Shedistinguishedherself(her)asanAfricanAmericanlawyer.6．Themanagerwilldropinatyourhouseathisconvenience.7．Thereisnoindication(indicate)ofhisrecoveryfromtheillness.8．Aboycalled(call)Tomiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.9．He’dliketocombinehisvisittoAustriawithatourofSwiss.10．Youradviceisofgreatimportance(important)tome.Ⅱ.选词填空standout，standfor，combinewith，differfrom，turninto1．Thenovelwasturned__intoasuccessfulHollywoodfilm.2．Studentsshouldcombinewhattheyhavelearntatschoolwithpractice.3．Opinionsonvarioussocialquestionsdiffer__frompersontoperson.4．—HisnameisJamesB．Clarke.—Whatdoesthe“B”stand__for?5．Heisakindofpersonwhostands__outinacrowd.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Not__every__girl__likessinging.＝Everygirldoesn’t__likesinging.并非每个姑娘都喜欢唱歌。2．None__of__the__girlslikesinging.这些姑娘中没有一个喜欢唱歌的。3．Thewaythathegotdresseddistinguished__him__fromalltheothers.他的穿着方式让他有别于其他所有人。4．Today’smeetingwillbe__of__great__importance．今天的会议将很重要。5．Mostofthepeopleinvited__to__the__partywerefamousscientists.被邀请参加聚会的大部分人都是着名的科学家。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ibelieveifeveryonemakesalittleeffort，wecanmakeabigdifference(differ)．2．What’smore，sherepresentedtheschoolto__attend(attend)theEnglishDebating.3．Asawhole，Ithinkthecountrylifeismuchbetterforpeople’shealththanthecitylife.4．Personally，teamworkmeansweshouldtrytocombineourideaswithothers’．5．Themalebirdisdistinguishedfromthefemalebyitsredbeak.6．Thenumberstaysnearlythesame，indicating(indicate)thatreadingremainsanimportantwaythatpeopleacquireknowledgeorfindinformation.7．Theshoepressing(press)againstmyfootneedstobemended.8．Itseemsthatwomenarenowmoreattractedtotheconvenience(convenient)ofonlineshopping.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Dialectsaroundtheworlddifferineachotherinsomeways.第一个in→from2．Hegaveasignrepresentedvictoryandallofusfeltexcited.represented→representing3．Thispart－timejobcanhelpstudentstocombinetheirknowledgetopractice.第二个to→with4．Heisdistinguishedashissenseofhumor.as→for5．Withanodofhishead，heindicatedmewhereIshouldsit.indicated后加to6．Suddenlypressedtogivingananswer，Ifoundmyselfataloss.giving→give7．It’sconvenientlyforustobuythingsfromtheInternet.conveniently→convenient8．Thisbookisdifferentfromthatbookinwhichthisoneisaboutchemistryandthatoneabouthistory.which→thatⅢ.课文语法填空Themanwhointroducedblindpeopleto1.reading(read)wasLouisBraille.Attheageofthree，Braillelosthiseyesightasaresultofan2.injury(injure).3.Whenhewasten，hewenttoaschoolfor4.theblindinParis.In1821，asoldiervisitedtheschoolandshowedthestudentsasystem5.forpassingmessagesatnightduringtimesofbattle.YoungLouisBrailletooktheideaandworked6.onit.Attheageof15，hecreatedasystemwithpatternsofsixraiseddots7.representing(represent)eachletter.Theblindpeoplecan8.easily(easy)recognizeBraillewiththefiguresandcanalsowrite9.inBraillewithaspecialtypewriter.Today,itisthemostcommonsystem10.used(use)byblindpeopleforreadingandwriting.Ⅳ.阅读理解AEachIndiantribehadadifferentlanguage.ManyIndiansneverlearnedanylanguagesexcepttheirown.DoyouknowhowIndiansfromdifferenttribestalkedtoeachother?Theyhadtwowaystotalkwithoutsound.Onewaywasbysignlanguage;theotherwaybysignals.Signlanguageisawayoftalkingbyusingsigns.Indiansusedsignlanguagewhentheymetstrangers.Inthisway，theycouldfindoutwhetherthestrangerwasafriendoranenemy.InIndiansignlanguage，signsweremadewiththehands.Onesignmeant“man”．Anothermeant“horse”．Totellthetimeofdaywhensomethinghappened，anIndianpointedtothesky.Heshowedwherethesunhadbeenatthetime.Indiansusuallyusedsignalswhentheywantedtosendmessagestosomeonefaraway.Tomakesignals，anIndianmightuseapony.Hemightuseablanket.Orhemightusesmoke，amirrororfirearrows.Tosignalthathehadseenmanyanimals，anIndianrodehisponyinalargecircle.SometimestheIndiangaveasignallikethisandthenwentawaytohide.Thismeantthattherewasdanger.Theblanketsignalwasvisiblefromfaraway.AnIndianheldthecornersofablanketinhishands.Thenhebegantoswingtheblanketfromsidetosideinfrontofhim.AnIndiancouldsendmanydifferentsignalswithhisblanket.Hecouldalsosendmanysignalswithamirror.Heusuallyusedthemirrortowarnsomeoneofdanger.Ofcourse，mirrorscouldbeusedonlywhenthesunwasshining.Atnight，Indiansusedfirearrowsforsignaling.NowyoucanseethatIndiansdidn’tneedtolearneachother’slanguage.Theycouldtalktooneanotherbyusingsignalsorsignlanguage.1．Blanketsignals______．A．couldbeseenfarawayB．couldbeseenatnightC．wereusedonlyforwarningD．wereconsideredthebestwayofsendingmessages答案A[细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Theblanketsignalwasvisiblefromfaraway.”可知选A。]2．Indiansdidn’tneedtolearneachother’slanguagebecause______．A．theycouldusesignalsorsignlanguageB．theynevermeteachotherC．theycouldwritemessagesD．theythoughttheycouldeasilymakethemselvesunderstood答案A[细节理解题。根据最后一段“...Indiansdidn’tneedtolearneachother’slanguage.Theycouldtalktooneanotherbyusingsignalsorsignlanguage.”可知，印第安人并不需要学习对方的语言，他们可以通过信号或手语彼此对话。故选A。]3．Signlanguageis________．A．alanguageonlyforIndiansB．awayoftakingbysigningonpaperC．awaytoexpressone’sideasbymakinggesturesD．asecretwayoftalkingtostrangers答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Signlanguageisawayoftalkingbyusingsigns.”可知，手语交流是通过手势表达的。故选C。]4．Thestorytellsabout________．A．peoplelivinginIndianB．howIndianscommunicatebetweendifferenttribesC．theIndianswhodidn’tusetheirlanguagesD．theIndianswhohadmanykindsoflanguages答案B[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了不同部落的印第安人之间是如何交流的。故选B。]BIfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”“SamuelJohnson”and“Webster”，butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish—WilliamtheConqueror.Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplebelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.Inthewest－centralregionlivedtheWelsh,whospokeaCelticlanguage,andinthenorthlivedtheScots，whoselanguage,thoughnotthesameasWelsh,wasalsoCeltic.IntherestofthecountrylivedtheSaxons,actuallyamixtureofAnglos,Saxons,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo－Saxon(orOldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage.Ifthisstateofaffairshadlasted,EnglishtodaywouldhavebeenclosetoGerman.Butthisstateofaffairsdidnotlast.In1066theNormansledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland.Foraboutacentury，FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.Asaresult，EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases，modernEnglishevenshowsadistinctionbetweenupper－classFrenchandlower－classAnglo－Saxoninitswords.Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoods,meatinparticular,dependingonwh