2023高考英语-词汇(26)练习(含解析)

PAGE还是个帅哥但是词汇〔26〕李仕才复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练〔词汇应用、句式仿写〕【单句单词语法填空】1．HemusthavesensedthatI________(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly，“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat？〞答案：waslooking题干中没有出现具体的时间状语，可以从意义上去把握。此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的musthavesensed和glancedat可知是过去进行时。句意：他一定感觉到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么一直那样盯着我看？〞2．Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy，but________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.答案：washeld被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词〞构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词局部不变。holdback“阻隔，隐瞒〞。句意：我非常想进去玩玩具，但是我幸好被橱窗阻隔了。根据句意，此句含有被动语态在里面，holdback要用被动语态。3．(2023·四川，4改编)Moreexpressways________(build)inSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.答案：willbebuilt根据题干中的时间状语soon可知，用将来时。expressways与build为被动关系，用被动语态。句意：四川不久将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地经济的开展。4．(2023·重庆，1改编)—IsPetercoming？—No，he______(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.答案：changed句意：——Peter来吗？——没有，刚刚接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据atthelastminute发生在过去，故用一般过去时。5．(2023·重庆，13改编)Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheat______(be)cut.答案：hasbeen表示动作已经发生或完成用现在完成时。句意：在我的家乡，收麦过后农民会举行一个丰收晚宴。核心单词1.shallowadj. 浅的；浅薄的2.sharpenv. 使锐利，削尖3.sheltern. 掩蔽处，躲避处4.shortcomingn. 缺点，短处5.sightn. 情景，风景；视力6.sightseeingn. 游览，观光7.signn. 符号，标记8.signaln. 信号，暗号；手势9.significancen. 意义，含义；重要性10.silencen. 安静，沉默11.similaradj. 相似的，像12.simplifyvt. 使简化，使简易13.sincerelyadv. 真诚地；由衷地；诚恳地14.situationn. 形势，情况15.smoothadj. 光滑的；平坦的16.societyn. 社会17.speciesn. 物种18.specificadj. 明确的，具体的，独特的19.speechn. 演讲20.sponsorn. 赞助商；主办(单位)vt. 赞助；发起21.stableadj. 稳固的，牢固的22.stadiumn. (露天)体育场23.standardn.&adj. 标准(的)24.starvationn. 饥饿；饿死25.statementn. 声明，陈述重点短语1.outofplace 不适当的outofsight 看不见outofcontrol 失控outofdate 过时outoforder 出毛病outofpatience 不耐烦；失去耐心outofquestion 没问题；毫无疑问outofwork 失业outoftouch 失去联系2.pickup 拾起；捡起；(用车)接人；学会；改善；增加(速度等)pickout 挑选出；分辨出【阅读理解】Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler(学步的儿童)yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallenged,scientistshavediscovered.Whilemostchildrengrowoutoftheirbadbehaviorbyadulthood,astudyfoundthosewhohad“callousunemotional(冷漠无情的)characteristics〞couldgrowuptohaveproblemswiththelawlaterinlife.Behaviorcharacteristicssuchasalackofsympathyandlyinginchildhoodcouldhaveanimpactyearson.LukeHyde,assistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofMichigan,said,“Thesearesignsforparentsanddoctorstowatchoutfor,astheymaysignalmorethanjusttheterribletwos.〞Hesaid,“Parentsbothtakecareoftheirchildandprovidetheirchild’sgenessoit’sbeendifficulttoknowifwe’reseeingthatparentingcausescallousunemotionalbehaviors,orifitisjustasignofthegenesbeingpassedtothechild.〞Theresearchalsodiscoveredthatstrictparentingislinkedtothedevelopmentofantisocialbehavior.Scientistslookedat561familiesinanadoptionstudythatexaminedbiologicalmothers’antisocialbehavior.Thescientistsfoundchildrenofantisocialmotherswerealsomorelikelytoexhibitthesamebehaviorcharacteristics,despitehavinglimitedornotouchwiththemastheywereadoptedasbabies.“Thereallyexcitingtake-homemessagefromthisstudyisthatsmall,day-to-daypositiveinteractions(互动)thatparentshavewiththeiryoungchildrencanmakeahugedifferenceinchildren’sdevelopment,’’saidLeslieLeve,aprofessorattheUniversityofOregonwhoco-ledthedatacollection.“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited(遗传)averychallengingsetofbehaviors,hearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemscomingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties,〞headded.Thestudy,workedonbyscientistsfromtheUniversityofMichigan,PennStateUniversityandtheUniversityofOregonhasbeenpublishedintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry.Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Kids’socialbehaviorsarerelatedtocrime.B.Criminalsbegintheircrimesduringadolescence.C.Antisocialbehaviorsofkidscouldbeontheirwaytoalifeofcrime.D.Warmheartedkidsaremorelikelytobecriminalsinthefuture.2.Whatconclusionmightthescientistsdrawfromthestudy?A.Antisocialbehaviorsmightbeinherited.B.Thegenesdecidekids’antisocialbehaviors.C.Antisocialbehaviorshavenothingtodowithcrimes.D.Adoptedbabiessurelyhaveantisocialbehaviorswhentheygrowup.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Parentingisthemainreasonthatcauseskids’antisocialbehaviors.B.Whatcausescareercriminalstobegintheircrimesistheirparents’characteristics.C.LeslieLevehasadoubtfulattitudetoadoptivemothers’activeinteractionswithkids.D.Inheritedantisocialbehaviorsofkidscanbelightenedbypositiveparenting.4.Whywillresearcherstrackkids’processofgrowing?A.Tomakesureifkids’behaviorswilllast.B.Tomakesureifpraisewillchangekids.C.Todetermineifkids’behaviorswillbeinherited.D.Todetermineifparents’comfortwillprotectkids.【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为。1.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler

yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallenged,scientistshavediscovered.〞可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确。3.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited(遗传)averychallengingsetofbehaviors,hearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemscomingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties〞可知，积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为，故D项正确。4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.〞可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为是否会持续下去，故A项正确。写作句式非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语1.(2023·天津高考书面表达)Doingthesamesportsontheplaygroundgivesustheopportunitytopromoteourfriendship.在操场上做同样的体育活动给我们提供了促进友谊的时机。2.(2023·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)IamastudentinChinaandIplantogotoBritaintoattendasummerschoolduringthevacation.我是一名中国学生，方案暑假期间去英国一个暑期学校学习。3.(2023·陕西高考书面表达)ThepurposeofthisprogrammeistodevelopourinterestinEnglishlearningandpracticalabilitiesinlisteningandspeaking.这个节目的目的是培养我们的英语学习兴趣，练习听、说能力。我读我练Ⅰ.词汇应用1.Notonlydidhepointoutmyshortcomings(缺点),buthealsohelpedmetoovercomethem.2.Thereisnodoubtthatmoreandmorepeopleknowthattheculturalrelicsareofgreatsignificance(意义)andjoininprotectingthem.3.Sheraisedherfingertoherlipsasasignforsilence(silent).4.Afterthreedayswithoutfood,themenwereclosetostarvation(starve).5.Itmakessensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsout__of__control(失去控制).6.It’ssurprisingthatyourbrotherpicked__up(偶然学会)Russiansoquickly—hehasn’tlivedthereverylong.Ⅱ.句式仿写1.拥有朋友意味着你有谈话的人所以你不会感到孤独和沮丧。Having__friends__means__that__you__can__have__someone__to__talk__tosothatyoudon’tfeellonelyanddepressed.2.我想邀请你下周六和我们一起去附近的敬老院过重阳节。(2023·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I’dliketo__invite__you__to__join__us__for__a__visit__tothenearbynursinghomenextSaturdayfortheDoubleNinthFestival.3.依我看来，当今对你来说最重要的职责是学知识，学会如何处理家中和学校中出现的不同困难。Inmyopinion,themostimportantdutyforyoutodayisto__learn__knowledge__and__learn__how__to__deal__with__different__difficultiesathomeandatschool.【练习】IhavemetmanyteacherssinceIbeginmyschooling.Ofallmyteachers，Mrs.Greenistheonewhoimpressesmemost.Thoughsheis50，shelooksveryyoungatherage.Comparingwithotherteachers，Mrs.Greenpaysmoreattentiontoherwayofteaching.Shetriesvariouswaystomakeherclasslivelyandinterestingly.Inheropinion，wewillnotonlyknow“what〞butalsounderstand“why〞.Soinsteadofgivingusanswerimmediately，sheencouragesustothinkcarefullyeverytimewhensheputsforwardquestions.Withherhelp,wehavelearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettledproblems.Whattheamazingworldof“why〞sheleadsus!Sheissuchalearnedpersonthatwealladmirehimverymuch.【答案】IhavemetmanyteacherssinceIeq\f(begin,began)myschooling.Ofallmyteachers，Mrs.Greenistheonewhoimpressesmemost.Thoughsheis50，shelooksveryyoungeq\f(at,for)herage.eq\f(Comparing,Compared)withotherteachers，Mrs.Greenpaysmoreattentiontoherwayofteaching.Shetriesvariouswaystomakeherclasslivelyandeq\f(interestingly,interesting).Inheropinion，wewillnotonlyknow“what〞butalsounderstand“why〞.Soinsteadofgivinguseq\f(answer,answers)immediately，sheencouragesustothinkcarefullyeverytimeeq\o(﹨,when)sheputsforwardquestions.Withherhelp,wehavelearnedhowtoanalyzeandeq\f(settled,settle)problems.Whateq\f(the,an)amazingworldof“why〞sheleadsuseq\o(\s\up8(∧),to)!Sheissuchalearnedpersonthatwealladmireeq\f(him,her)verymuch.F(2023·安徽省百所重点高中第二次模拟)It'snotthepeopleyoucameacrossinyourdailylifewhowillstandbyyouintimeofaneed.It'syourfamilywhowillbutit'simportanttoknowthat.Ithap