山东省青岛市2023届高三上学期期初（开学）调研检测-英语答案

2022年高三年级期初调研检测

英语试题

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在

本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatwillthemando?

A.Headforlunch.B.Meetthemanager.C.Lendahand.

2.Whereareprobablythespeakers?

A.Inakitchen.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.

3.WhywasJennyabsentfromschool?

A.Shewasill.B.Sheoverslept.C.Shehadtolookafterhermother.

4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Aholidayplan.B.Theman'srelatives.C.Theman'sinvitation.

5.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Helpful.B.Grateful.C.Anxious.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，

每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwithabouttheredsweater?

A.Theprice.B.Thestyle.C.Thematerial.

7.Whatisthewomanlikelytodonext?

A.Gotoanotherstore.B.Tryonthegreendress.C.Buythepinkdress.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatkindofroomdoesthemanprefer?

A.Adoubleroom.B.Asingleroom.C.Asuite.

9.Whatistheman'srequirementfortheroom?

A.Ithasbeautifulscenery.B.Itisonthelowerfloor.C.Itissmoke-free.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomanabout?

A.Herworkschedule.B.Herhotelinformation.C.Herflightnumber.

11.WhatwillthewomandoonOctober12th?

A.Visitsomefactories.B.Haveaconference.C.Signacontract.

12.Whereisthewomannow?

A.InMilan.B.InVenice.C.InSaoPaulo.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atanairport.B.Onaplane.C.Inataxi.

14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?

A.Sheiswarm-hearted.B.Sheismodest.C.Sheisknowledgeable.

15.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?

A.VisitLosAngeles.B.Pickuphisbaggage.C.Catchhisflight.

16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Familymembers.B.Closefriends.C.Fellowpassengers.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetalk?

A.Tosharesomeusefulapps.B.Toshowthepowerofsound.C.Toexplainthecausesofhearingloss.

18.WhatcanusershearatASoftMurmur?

A.Oceannoises.B.Whitenoise.C.Water,fieldandforestnoises.

19.WhoisprobablyRobert?

A.Areporter.B.Auser.C.Anearspecialist.

20.WhatdoesRobertsayaboutthedevice?

A.Ifsaffordable.B.It*sconvenient.C.It*senjoyable.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Communitycollegesofferlowtuition,job-specifictrainingandotherbenefits.Whetheryou'reahighschool

studentunsureofwhichcollegestoapplytoorsomeoneconsideringgoingbacktoschool,thereareplentyofreasons

toputcommunitycollegesonyourlist.

LowerCosts

Themostfrequentlycitedbenefitofcommunitycollegesistherelativelylowcostofattendance.Accordingto

datafromtheCollegeBoard,communitycollegescost,onaverage,aboutone-thirdofin-statetuitionatfour-year

publicuniversities.

APathtoaFour-yearCollege

Manyfour-yearuniversitieshavetransferagreementswithlocalcommunitycolleges.Theseagreementsallow

studentswhocompletespecificrequirementstoeasilytransferintoafour-yearprogramatanearbyuniversity.

Transferstudentscanthenearnabachelor'sdegreewhileonlyhavingtopaytwoyearsofhighertuition.

Flexibility

Communitycollegesallowforflexiblescheduling,makingthemaparticularlygoodoptionforolderstudents

whoareworkingprofessionalsorparents.Manycommunitycollegesalsoallowhighschoolstudentstotake

college-levelcoursesduringeveningsorweekends.

WorkforceTraining

Communitycollegestendtoofferawiderangeofcareerandtechnicaleducationprogramsinfieldslikenursing

orfirefighting.Thehighlyappliednatureoftheseprogramspreparesstudentsfbrenteringtheworkforce.From

culinary（烹饪）artstoautomobilemechanics,communitycollegesofferabroadselectionofprofessionalized

courseworkthatfour-yearuniversitiesoftendonot.

1.Whoaremostlikelytoattendcommunitycolleges?

A.Highschoolstudentsfacingcollegechoices.

B.Adultsplanningtoworkathighschools.

C.Collegestudentsanxioustoimprovethemselves.

D.Professionalseagerforcollege-levelcourses.

2.Whichisthoughttobethebiggestadvantageofcommunitycolleges?

A.LowerCosts.B.APathtoaFour-yearCollege.

C.Flexibility.D.WorkforceTraining.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheworkforcetrainingprograms?

A.Interesting.B.Time-consuming.C.Practical.D.Demanding.

【答案】l.A2.A3.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是把社区大学列入申请名单的几条理由。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段的aWhetheryou'reahighschoolstudentunsureofwhichcollegestoapplytoor

someoneconsideringgoingbacktoschool,thereareplentyofreasonstoputcommunitycollegesonyourlist.（无论

你是一个不确定要申请哪所大学的高中生，还是一个考虑重返校园的人，有很多理由把社区大学列入你的

名单。）”可知，最有可能上社区大学的是面临大学选择的高中生，故选A。

2题详解】

细节理解题。根据LowerCosts部分的“Themostfrequentlycitedbenefitofcommunitycollegesistherelatively

lowcostofattendance.（最常被提及的社区大学的好处是入学成本相对较低。）”可知，社区大学最大的优势

是更低的成本，故选A。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据WorkforceTraining部分的"Communitycollegestendtoofferawiderangeofcareerand

technicaleducationprogramsinfieldslikenursingorfirefighting.Thehighlyappliednatureoftheseprograms

preparesstudentsforenteringtheworkforce.（社区大学倾向于提供广泛的职业和技术教育课程，如护理或消防

等领域。这些课程的高应用性为学生进入职场做好了准备。）”可知，劳动力培训计划是实用的，故选C。

B

ValerieBolducisexploringapathunderafour-lanehighwaytofitwildlifecameras,whenshegetsstuckinthe

mud."Iamreallystuck,“saystheroadecologystudent,tryingtopullherfeetoutofastreambedthattravelsthrough

theconcreteculvert（涵洞）ofQuebecRoute117.“Idonotwanttobeadeergoingthroughthat.”

Bolduc'sdilemmamakesevidenttherisksforwildanimalsusingthesamepath.

Awarmingclimateispushingmanyanimalstomigratetowardhigherlatitudes（纬度）toremainwithintheir

desirableenvironments,butthatcomeswithrisksastheycrossdangerousareas,suchashighways.IneasternCanada,

Bolducandotherresearchersandconservationistsaretryingtopreservesafecorridors（走廊）forwildlife.

Themotion-activatedcamerastheyhavebroughtwillrecordwhichspeciesareusingthetunnels.An

outward-facingcamerawillidentifywhatanimalsapproachbutdonotenter,perhapspreventedbytrafficnoise,the

tunnefssizeorotherfactors.

BolducexplainsthatthishighwayrunningthroughsouthernQuebecseparatesaseriesofCanadiannationaland

regionalparksoneitherside,alongwiththeiranimalpopulations.uIfssuperimportant,shenotes,"becausethe

animalswanttomovenorthandtheyencountertheseandthencantheymovethrough?Willtheygethitbyacar?

We'Hneedtofigurethatout.Andweneedtohelpthem,atleastIwanttohelpthem.”

Afterfinishingfittingtheircamerasonthenorthboundsideofthehighway,Bolducandherteamdecidethey

needanalternatepathtotheothersidetoavoidanothermisfortuneinthemud."We'regenerallytryingtobesafe/*

Bolducsays,“butfortheanimals,thisistheirlife!,,

4.WhatcanwelearnfromBolduc'sexperienceofbeingtrapped?

A.Itisdifficulttofitwildlifecameras.

B.Sheisoutofluckduringtheexploration.

C.Roadconditionsofthehighwayareunexpected.

D.Itisdangerousforwildanimalstocrossthisarea.

5.Whatdotheseanimalsmovetohigherlatitudesfor?

A.Lesstrafficnoise.B.Wannerclimate.C.Safecorridors.D.Favorableenvironments.

6.Whatfunctionisexpectedofthewildlifecameras?

A.lbrecordthechangesintrafficflow.B.Tofigureoutdifficultieswildanimalsface.

C.Totrackanimalsinandaroundthetunnels.D.lbphotographthelivingenvironmentofwildanimals.

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HighTechProtectsWildlifeB.AnimalMigrationIsunderThreat

C.EcologistsFeartheFutureofWildlifeD.ResearchersSeekPathsforAnimalstoMigrate

【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是ValerieBolduc及其他研究人员通过安装动态摄像机为动物迁徙

寻找路径。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Bolduc'sdileminamakesevidenttherisksforwildanimalsusingthesame

path.（Bolduc的两难处境清楚地说明了野生动物走同一条路的风险。）”可知，我们能从博尔达克被困的经历

中学到野生动物穿过这个地区是危险的。故选D。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的“Awarmingclimateispushingmanyanimalstomigratetowardhigherlatitudesto

remainwithintheirdesirableenvironments,butthatcomeswithrisksastheycrossdangerousareas,suchas

highways.（气候变暖正迫使许多动物向高纬度地区迁徙，以留在它们理想的环境中，但这也伴随着风险，因

为它们要穿过危险的地区，比如高速公路。）”可知，这些动物迁移到高纬度地区是为了有利的环境。故选

Do

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“Themotion-activatedcamerastheyhavebroughtwillrecordwhichspeciesare

usingthetunnels.Anoutward-facingcamerawillidentifywhatanimalsapproachbutdonotenter,perhaps

preventedbytrafficnoise,thetunnefssizeorotherfactors.（他们带来的动态摄像机将记录哪些物种正在使用隧

道。一个朝外的摄像头将识别哪些动物靠近但没有进入，也许是因为交通噪音、隧道大小或其他因素。）”

可知，野生动物摄像机的功能是用来追踪隧道内外的动物。故选C。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的"ValerieBolducisexploringapathunderafour-lanehighwaytofit

wildlifecameras,whenshegetsstuckinthemud.（瓦莱丽•博尔达克正在四车道高速公路下探索一条小路，以

便安装野生动物摄像机，这时她被困在了泥里。）”和第三段的uIneasternCanada,Bolducandother

researchersandconservationistsaretryingtopreservesafecorridorsforwildlife.（在加拿大东部，Bolduc和其他

研究人员以及自然资源保护主义者正在努力为野生动物保护安全的走廊。）”可知，本文主要讲的是Valerie

Bolduc及其他研究人员通过安装动态摄像机为动物迁徙寻找路径，因此最好的题目是D选项“Researchers

SeekPathsforAnimalstoMigrate（研究人员为动物迁徙寻找路径）”，故选D。

C

Coveredinlushfur,thethickestintheanimalkingdom,seaotters（海獭）canlivetheirentirelivesintheocean,

feedingheavilyuponseaflooranimalssuchasshellfish.Theyareoftenseentoeatclams（蛤）,whichburythemselves

inmeadowsofeelgrass（大叶藻场），awide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.Eelgrassmeadowswheresea

ottersdigforclamsbecomepartlybare,whichiscommonlyaconcernforecologists.

Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,accordingtoanewstudypublishedin

Science.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplantsflowerandproduceseeds.What's

more,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightforseedstosettleandgrow.Theenhancedgeneticdiversity

causedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuturethreats.

Thefindingisapowerfulexampleofhowanimalssuchasottersinfluencetheirecosystemsbeyondpredation

（捕食），ofteninunseenandlittle-knownways,saysstudyleaderErinFoster,aresearchassociateattheHakai

Institute.Italsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsandgiveeelgrass,whichisin

dangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.

Seagrasshabitatsarealsoimportantformanyfish,providingfoodforanimals,absorbing,andfilteringharmful

pollutionandbacteriafromthewater."Geneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,and

consideringthechallengeswe'refacing...thiswillbeimportantforeelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,the

impacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern,"saysFoster.

8.Whatdoweknowaboutseaotters?

A.Theylivepartoftheirlivesunderwater.B.Theymainlyfeedonseaanimalslikefish.

C.Theyeatclamsbeneatheelgrassmeadows.D.Theybecomeanewconcernforecologists.

9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?

A.Bygivingopinions.B.Bypresentingreasons.

C.Byclarifyingconcepts.D.Bycomparingresults.

10.Whydoestheauthormentiontheendangeredconditionofeelgrass?

A.Toprovideexamplesofseaotters*predation.

B.Toshowtheurgencytoprotecttheenvironment.

C.Tohighlighttheroleofottersintheirecosystems.

D.Towarnagainstthepotentialriskofclimatechange.

11.WhatdoesFosterthinkoftheimpactottershaveonunderwatermeadows?

A.Overestimated.B.Noteworthy.C.Temporary.D.Unpredictable.

【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述海獭，一种濒危物种，对它们的环境至关重要，并给全世界处于

危险中的鳗草提供了更好的保持健康和生存的机会。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。由文章第一段"Theyareoftenseentoeatclams,whichburythemselvesinmeadowsofeelgrass,a

wide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.（人们经常看至它们吃蛤蛆1,蛤蝌把自己埋在鳗草草甸中，鳗草是

一种广泛生长在水中的植物。）”可知，海獭吃在鳗草下面的蛤蝌。故选C项。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第二段“Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,according

toanewstudypublishedinScience.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplants

flowerandproduceseeds.What'smore,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightfbrseedstosettleandgrow.

Theenhancedgeneticdiversitycausedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuture

threats.（根据发表在《科学》上的一项新研究，事实证明，有水獭的草地更健康，有更多的鳗草。这是因为

水獭通过轻轻搅动海床，使植物开花并产生种子。更重要的是，他们的挖掘为种子的定居和生长提供了更

多的空间和阳光。海獭导致的遗传多样性增强可能使鳗草更适应当前和未来的威胁。）”可知，文章第二段

先给出结论Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,后面再说明原因，所以第

二段是通过给原因来论证的。故选B项。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第三段”】talsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsand

giveeelgrass,whichisindangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.（这也意味着海獭，一

种濒危物种，对它们的环境至关重要，并给全世界处于危险中的鳗草提供了更好的保持健康和生存的机会

可知，作者提到濒危的鳗草是为了突出海獭对生态系统的作用。故选C项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。由文章最后一段""Geneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,and

consideringthechallengesweYefacing...thiswillbeimportantfbreelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,the

impacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern,'*saysFoster.（Foster说：“基因多样性通常会增强物种

的适应性，考虑到我们面临的挑战……这对鳗草草地非常重要，从这个角度来看，海獭的影响值得我们长

期关注。"。）”可知，Foster对海獭是水草的影响是值得我们长期关注的。A.Overestimated高估的；

B.Noteworthy值得关注的；C.Temporary短暂的；D.Unpredictable不可预知的。故选B项。

D

Wintermaybeseenasthetimetofillupwithcomfortfood,butinfact,thesunnysummermonthsarewhenmen

eatmorecalories-unlikewomen."Theeffectmayoccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleasean

appetite-stimulatinghormonecalledghrelin（tJL饿激素）JsaysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversity.

Levyandherteamnoticedtheunexpectedeffectinexperimentsinmicethatinvestigatedmechanisms（机

制）behindskincancer,inwhichmaleanimalsexposedtoUVlightatemorefood.Toseeifhumansdothesame,the

researchersusedexistingdataon3,000peoplewhohadfilledindietaryquestionnairesaspartofthegovernment's

regularnationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.BetweenMarchandSeptember,menconsumedabout17percentmore

caloriesperdaythantheydidduringtherestoftheyearwhilewomen'sfoodintakestayedaboutthesame.

Humanappetiteisinfluencedbymanysystems,butghrelinseemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectly

stimulateseating.Itwasthoughttobemainlysecretedbythestomachwhenempty."IttellsthebraintoeatmoreJ

saysCarolineGorvinattheUniversityofBirmingham.

FurtherinvestigationrevealedthatexposingmalemicetoUVBradiationraisedlevelsofghrelinsecretionbyfat

cellsintheirskin.Boostedlevelsofghrelinwerealsoseeninskinsamplesthatweretakenfrommenandexposedto

UVlightinthelab.Gorvinsaystheskinhadn'tpreviouslybeenthoughttoplayaroleinappetite.fctIfifsreal,it's

quiteexcitingandweshouldsparenoeffortstogettothebottom,shesays.

Ilisunclearwhytheeffecthappens,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuelgreaterphysicalactivityin

summer,saysGorvin.uAsthelargestorganofthebody,itmakessensethattheskincansensetheenvironment,

sensingthatthereisUVnow,thatnowisthetimetogoout.”

12.Whatcanwelearnabouttheeffectfromparagraph1?

A.Humanstendtoeatmorefoodinwinter.

B.Ourskincontainsahormonethatmakesusactive.

C.Summersunlightseemstoboostmen'scalorieintake.

D.Womensufferlossofappetitebecauseofsummerheat.

13.Whathelpedtheteamlookintotheeffectonhumans?

A.DoingexperimentsinUVlight.B.Analysingexistingdataoffered.

C.Carryingoutdietaryquestionnaires.D.Surveyingnationalhealthcondition.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“secreted"meaninparagraph3?

A.Balanced.B.Influenced.C.Raised.D.Produced.

15.WhatcanwelearnfromGorvin'swords?

A.Theskinisadecisivefactorinphysicalactivities.

B.ExposuretoUVlightcontributestocalorieburnup.

C.Theroleoftheskininappetiteneedsfurtherresearch.

D.Higherfoodintakemakesmengainweightinsummer.

【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是阳光明媚的夏天是男人摄入更多卡路里的时候。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段的"infact,thesunnysummermonthsarewhenmeneatmorecalories-unlikewomen.

“Theeffectmayoccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghonnonecalledghrelin

saysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversity.（事实上，阳光明媚的夏天是男人摄入更多卡路里的时候——不像女人。

特拉维夫大学的卡米特•列维说：”这种效果的产生可能是因为阳光使皮肤释放一种刺激食欲的激素一

胃饥饿素。可知，夏日的阳光似乎能增加男性的卡路里摄入量。故选C。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段的"Toseeifhumansdothesame,theresearchersusedexistingdataon3,000people

whohadfilledindietaryquestionnairesaspartofthegovernment'sregularnationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.（为

了看看人类是否也会这样做，研究人员使用了3000人的现有数据，这些人填写了饮食调查问卷，这是政府

定期进行的全国健康和营养调查的一部分。）”可知，帮助研究小组研究了它对人类的影响的是分析现有数

据。故选B。

【14题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第三段的“ghrelinseemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectlystimulateseating（胃饥饿素似乎

是唯一直接刺激进食的激素）”和“bythestomachwhenempty（被空的胃）”可知，划线词所在句表示“它被

认为主要是胃空时分泌的”，划线词的意思是“产生”，和produced意思相近，故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的"Itisunclearwhytheeffecthappens,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuel

greaterphysicalactivityinsummer,saysGorvin.（高文说，目前还不清楚这种效应发生的原因，但它可能是一

种适应反应，为夏季更多的体育活动提供燃料。）”可知，皮肤对食欲的作用还需要进一步研究。故选C。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Surpriseistheerrorsignalourbrainsproducewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Itisadopamine（多巴胺）

trigger,producingtheneurotransmitter（神经递质）thatdrivesattentionandmotivation.16Itmakesus

stop,notice,andlearn.

InhisbookThePowerofSurprise,Rousellpresentshisfindingfromdecadesofhisresearch:17They

formourself-concept.

18Samanthafelthershynesswasaweakness,untilherswimcoachsurprisedherbynamingher

captain.Hesaid,“Shemaybequiet,butwhenthisgirlsayssomething,you'regoingtowanttolisten/'Thesurprise

leftherfeelingquietlypowerful.Thechangeinherbeliefsandbehaviorswasinstantandlasting.

Notallsurprisingmomentsarecreatedequal.Rousellillustratessomeresearch-backedstepstousesurprise

well.

Spotaself-criticismyou'dliketohelpsomeonerevise.Forexample,perhapsyourstudentseeshimselfasaslow

learner,oryouremployeebelieveshelackscreativity.19Maybethestudentwhothinkshelearnsslowlyis

alsoverythorough.Theemployeewhothinkshelackscreativityishighlylogical.Makeyourmessagequickandto

thepoint.Themoreyoudelayonthetopicordressitupasfloweiypraise,thelesssurprisingitwillbe.20

A.Pointouthisweakness.

B.Itwasanessentialadaptationforhumans.

C.Identifytheoppositesideofthesamecoin.

D.Also,itwillmakelessdifferencetoone'smind.

E.Hereisanexampletheauthorsharesinhisbook.

F.Toputitsimply,surpriseisabigdealtoourbrains.

G.Surprisebringstheexperiencesshapingwhowebelieveweare.

【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.C20.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是什么是惊讶和惊讶的力量。

【16题详解】

空前说“Surpriseistheerrorsignalourbrainsproducewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Itisadopamine（多

ES$）trigger,producingtheneurotransmitter（神经递质）thatdrivesattentionandmotivation.（惊讶是当意外发生

时.，我们的大脑产生的错误信号。它是多巴胺的触发器，产生的神经递质驱动注意力和动机。）”，空后说

“Itmakesusstop,notice,andlearn.（它让我们停下来，注意并学习。）”，因此空格处应接着上文，继续介绍

惊讶是什么，F选项“Toputitsimply,surpriseisabigdealtoourbrains.（简单地说，惊讶对我们的大脑来说很

重要。）”是介绍惊讶的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。

【17题详解】

空前说"InhisbookThePowerofSurprise,Rousellpresentshisfindingfromdecadesofhisresearch（在他的书

《惊讶的力量》中，Rousell介绍了他几十年来的研究发现）”，空格处应说明研究发现具体是什么，G选项

uSurprisebringstheexperiencesshapingwhowebelieveweare.（惊讶带来的体验塑造了我们对自己的信念。）

是一项发现，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。

【18题详解】

空后说uSamanthafelthershynesswasaweakness,untilherswimcoachsurprisedherbynaminghercaptain.He

said,€tShemaybequiet,butwhenthisgirlsayssomething,you'regoingtowanttolisten.^^Thesurpriselefther

feelingquietlypowerful.Thechangeinherbeliefsandbehaviorswasinstantandlasting.（萨曼莎觉得害羞是她的

弱点，直到她的游泳教练任命她为队长，这让她大吃一惊。他说：“她可能很安静，但当这个女孩说什么时，

你会想要倾听。”这个惊讶让她觉得自己很强大。她的信念和行为发生了瞬间而持久的变化。）”，这是举

的具体的一个例子，E选项uHereisanexampletheauthorsharesinhisbook.（下面是作者在他的书中分享的一

个例子。）”引起下文，符合语境，故选E。

【19题详解】

空前说“Forexample,perhapsyourstudentseeshimselfasaslowlearner,oryouremployeebelieveshelacks

creativity.（例如，也许你的学生认为自己学习很慢，或者你的员工认为他缺乏创造力。）”，空后说“Maybe

thestudentwhothinkshelearnsslowlyisalsoverythorough.Theemployeewhothinkshelackscreativityis

highlylogical.（也许认为自己学得慢的学生也是很透彻的。认为自己缺乏创造力的员工是很有逻辑的。）”，

说明要看到一个事情的另一方面，C选项Identifytheoppositesideofthesamecoin.（识别同一枚硬币的反

面。）”承上启下，符合语境，故选C。

【20题详解】

空前说“Themoreyoudelayonthetopicordressitupasflowerypraise,thelesssurprisingitwillbe.（你在这个

话题上越拖延，或者把它装扮成华丽的赞美，它就越不令人惊讶。）”，D选项“Also,itwillmakelessdifference

toone'smind.（而且，它对一个人的思想影响较小。）”中的句式和空前的“thelesssurprisingitwillbe”相一

致，继续讲你在这个话题上越拖延，或者把它装扮成华丽的赞美会有什么影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，

故选Do

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AmyJandrisevitsknowsthevalueofagooddoll（玩具娃娃）.“Dollshavea21wedon'tcompletely

understand,shesaid.Ifsafn）22shegotwhileworkingasasocialworkerusingdollstohelpyoungkids

23theirchangingmedicalsituations.

Sevenyearsago,a24saidthatherchildwasinvolvedinacaraccident,leavingascar（伤疤）onhis

face.Jandrisevitsknewwhatmighthelptheyouththroughthis25period."It's26totellakid,

'Youareperfectthewayyouare/andtobuild27thatway,“shesays.

Jandrisevitswentabout28that.Shemadeadollbyhandthatlookedlikeherfriend'schildandsentit

off.Afterthefriend29aphotoonlineofthehappychildanddoll,anotherwomanaskedJandrisevitsto

makeadollforherbaby,whowasmissingaleg.

Word30andsoonJandrisevitswasmakingdollsforchildrenwithbirthmarksorfacialdeformities

（畸形），fromphotossentbyparents.She31herpreviousjobandstartedanonprofit,ADollLikeMe.

Shehasn't32foradollsinceshebeganhernonprofit.

Inall,she'smademorethan400dolls.ThewaitinglistislongbutJandrisevitsis33.Asshe

explains,<€Everykid,34gender,age,medicalissueorbodytype,shouldlookintothe35

faceofadollandseetheirown.,,

21.A.powerB.themeC.systemD.fashion

22.A.lessonB.inspirationC.rewardD.experience

23.A.turntoB.adapttoC.realizeD.ignore

24.A.workerB.patientC.volunteerD.friend

25.A.unforgettableB.challengingC.complexD.impressive

26.A.naturalB.generousC.helpfulD.hard

27.A.confidenceB.connectionC.trustD.communication

28.A.followingB.blessingC.explainingD.changing

29.A.tookB.sentC.sawD.posted

30.A.cameB.failedC.spreadD.read

31.A.lovedB.quitC.beganD.lost

32.A.chargedB.goneC.askedD.paid

33.A.tiredB.curiousC.determinedD.famous

34.A.regardlessofB.insteadofC.apartfromD.accordingto

35.A.restoredB.beautifiedC.sweetD.funny

【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.D25.B26.D27.A28.D29.D30.C31.

B32.A33.C34.A35.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是AmyJandrisevits用洋娃娃来帮助年轻的孩子适应他们不断变化

的医疗状况，帮助孩子们建立自信的故事。

(21题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：