高考英语阅读长难句突破教学设计

高考英语阅读长难句突破---高中英语阅读微技能培养教学设计一、教学内容分析：在高考阅读理解中，考生经常碰到许多结构复杂的句子，即长难句。命题者通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。本节课就是专门针对学生在阅读长难句中遇到的阅读障碍，以高考题为例，帮助学生归纳总结如何分析长难句、培养良好的“阅读微技能”，从而避免在长难句上无谓失分。二、学情分析：阅读在在高考中占有比较大的比重。如果缺乏一定的阅读技能，在面对长难句时，学生往往会因为句子的长、难而思维混乱，从而造成阅读障碍，形成心理压力，进而失分。在进入阅读专题的时候，学生具备了一定的阅读技能，但长难句的掌握还不是很到位。因此本节课立足高考，从实际出发，重在培养学生的阅读微技能。三、教学目标1.Enablethestudentstolearnhowtoanalyzethelonganddifficultsentences.2.Helpthestudentsmastersomedetailedreadingskills.3.Learnthebasicreadingstrategiesandapplythemtotheexercises.4.Enablethestudentstoadjusttheirstateofmindwhenreadingpassages,anddevelopgoodreadinghabits.四、教学重难点Howtoanalyzelonganddifficultsentencesandmasterthereadingskills.五、教学过程：Step1Lead-inAskthestudentssomequestionsaboutreading,especiallythedifficultpointsinit.1.Haveyouevermetlonganddifficultsentencesinreading?2.Asforthesesentences,howdoyouusuallydealwiththem?【设计意图】从实际出发，让学生说出在阅读中，自己觉得最难的地方在哪里？面对考试中的“长难句”自己平时是如何处理的？从而引出本节课的主题：长难句突破。学生会带着疑问和渴望进入到下一环节，而且兴趣比较浓厚。Step2WarmingupTask1:Introduction在阅读理解中，考生会经常碰到许多结构复杂的句子，也就是所谓的长难句。命题者在句子理解难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。长难句在阅读理解中容易给考生造成阅读障碍，形成一种心理压力，使考生失分。Task2:Examples.(simplesentences---longanddifficultsentences)1)Wefindtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers.---Wefindtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers，_____________________(他们在听一个重要讲座).(非限制性定语从句)---Wefindtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers,whoarelistening__________(认真)toanimportantlecture_______________________________________________________________(电白一中贾老师的重要讲座)(同位语；过去分词做后置定语)---Wefindtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers，whoarelisteningattentivelytoanimportantlecturegivenbyMr.Jia,ateacherfromDianbaiNo.1MiddleSchool,_______________________________________________________(关于如何处理英语长难句的重要讲座。)(介词短语；介词后加宾语从句)---Wefoundtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers,whowerelisteningattentivelytoanimportantlecturegivenbyMr.Jia,ateacherfromDianbaiNo.1MiddleSchool,onhowtodealwiththelonganddifficultsentencesinEnglish.（体会句子由简单句变成复杂句，复杂句变成简单句）【设计意图】通过简单介绍“长难句”，让学生心中有数，知道学好长难句对他们在考试中把握主题，分析句子结构，准确理解语义，培养阅读微技能很有帮助。然后以“简单句变长句”“长句变为简单句”让学生体会长难句是如何形成的，只要把握好主干，去掉修饰成分，就能理解文章语义。该环节学生参与积极、气氛热烈，效果明显。Step3IntroductionIntroducethebasicformsoflonganddifficultsentencesinreading.阅读中常见长难句的形式:1、复杂的简单句：结构复杂，带有较多成分，如介词短语，形容词短语，副词，时间、地点状语或者较长的非谓语动词短语等；2、多重的复合句：句子中含有多重从句;3、句中分隔现象：用定语从句、插入语、破折号或分隔号插入新话题或补充信息，从而把结构紧凑的句子分割开来。各种结构混合:在句子中把以上三种形式综合在一起。【设计意图】简单介绍“长难句”常见的几种形式，让学生有个整体印象，对于后面“各个击破”长难句提供了很好的铺垫。Step4PresentationPresentsomebasicskillsinlonganddifficultsentencestoimprovethestudents’readingskills.长难句各个击破1.复杂的简单句:1)抓主干，去枝叶(找谓语动词)；2)分析枝叶.Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinstrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganizedagainfromadistantcountry.（2022新课标II卷PassageA）2.多重的复合句:1)抓主干，找连词，析从句。(找谓语动词)2)理解句意。Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.(2022新课标I卷PassageCPara.3)30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinparagraph3?TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive3.句中分隔现象(用同位语、定语从句、插入语、破折号或分隔号插入新话题或补充信息，从而把结构紧凑的句子分割开来。):忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题.例1Hisrecentlypublishedbook,AGrammarofThangmiwithanEthnolinguisticIntroductiontotheSpeakersandTheirCulture,growsoutofhisexperienceliving,working,andraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.(2022新课标Ⅰ卷PassageD）34.WhatisTurin’sbookbasedon?A.TheculturalstudiesinIndia.B.ThedocumentsavailableatYale.C.HislanguageresearchinBhutan.D.HispersonalexperienceinNepal.例2Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations-UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem–haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.（31words）(2022新课标I卷PassageDPara.2)32.Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto____.A.promotegloballanguagesB.rescuethedisappearinglanguagesC.searchforlanguagecommunitiesD.setuplanguagesresearchorganizations.4、各种结构混合:综合以上技巧：抓主干成分。例1、(2022新课标I卷PassageBPara.2)Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreachitshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.(46words)24.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.maybethelargestpopulationintheworld【温馨提示】在高考阅读中，并不是长难句都需要分析。对于有些长难句，只要能正确理解其意思就行了，不要勉为其难地翻译成中文，也没必要把句子成分弄得彻底明白。那样做不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。【设计意图】以高考题为例，从四种不同类型的“长难句”角度各个击破，帮助学生分析和把握长难句，并指出了每一种长难句的方式方法，培养“阅读微技能”.方法实用性强，分析到位，学生很喜欢这样归纳总结。Step5PracticeGroupwork:真题演练（2022安徽卷PassageE）Requirements:Usingthebasicskillsinthisperiod,discussandanalyzethefollowingsentenceswithyourgroupmembers.①YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpoverty(贫穷)andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.1）②Tosupporttheseworthycauses,Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising"change-makers"seekingtosolve(解决)urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachange-maker.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.1）.主干：_____________________________________________________________③AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity,helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincomeforpoorpeoplethere.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.2）主干：_____________________________________________________________④WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets,attractingratsanddisease,theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.3）主干：_____________________________________________________________⑤Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilizers(化肥)whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.3）主干：_____________________________________________________________【设计意图】分析掌握了四种不同长难句的方式方法后，学生还需要通过练习来检验。该环节再次利用高考题作为练习，让学生来学以致用。他们能够准确把握主干，分析句子结构，理解语义，对阅读的选择准确性很高，也有一定的成就感，说明他们掌握不错。Step6Summary一、阅读中常见长难句的形式:1、复杂的简单句2、多重的复合句3、句中分隔现象4、各种结构混合二、长难句各个击破：1、复杂的简单句：1)抓主干，去枝叶(找谓语动词)；2)分析枝叶.2、多重的复合句：1)抓主干，找连词，析从句。(找谓语动词);2)理解句意。3、句中分隔现象：忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题。4、各种结构混合：综合以上技巧：抓主干成分。【设计意图】通过分析高考题，讲解方式方法，学生掌握了如何“各个击破”长难句，如何分析句子结构，如何抓主干，如何准确理解语义，从而在考试中提高阅读选择题的准确性。本环节再次归纳总结，并提供了几条月的建议，加深学生的印象。Step7Homework1.Gooverwhatwehavelearnedinthisperiod.2.Trytousetheskillstofinishtheexercisesonthepaper.【课后练习】Usingthebasicskillsinthisperiod,analyzethefollowingsentences.1.Arrivingin1805,hewrotealettercomplainingthatitwasaplaceof“messanddrunkenness”．2.ItisalsosaidthatonoccasionByronswamnakedbymoonlightinthelake,whichisnowknownasByron'sPool.3.Thematerial,madefromshrimp(虾)shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilk,iscalled“shrilk”．4.TheminuteIsawthelookonmydad’sfaceasheunwrappedthoseswirlingblackletterscarefullyplacedinacheapframe,IknewIhadgiventheperfectgift.5.Decadeslater,however,plastic'sverydurability(耐用性)israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforonetimeproductssuchasplasticbags,orshort-livedconsumergoods,usedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.6.IpulledoutmyphonetoreadatextmessagefrommymomsayingthatwewereleavingforChristmasshoppingforhimwhenIcame