2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分重点全程攻略Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars限时规范特训新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE6Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)A[2022·复旦附中高三检测]Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceeq\a\vs4\al(W1)ofdreamers:Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswhilehumaningenuity(创造力)strugglestofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturiesbeforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade'send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonatedwithoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamousdreamspeechofall,deliveredeq\a\vs4\al(W2)byMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyieldedconcreteresultsandtransformedAmericansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedupatoddswitheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic(讲求实用的)andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow－uptotheApollomissions.Thetechnologicallycompromisedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)spaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanendeq\a\vs4\al(P1)，withnosuccessor.Theperpetualargumentisthatfundsaretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury—asifsavingone－thousandthofasingleyear'sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemostbangfromabuck.TheywillserveasmodernMagellans,mappingoutthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorersfollow,whethermanormachine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom－upassaultonthespacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithinreachofrichcivilianseq\a\vs4\al(W4)inafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgomainstream.Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus－notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin－offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeed_offeachother.BothMartinLutherKingandJohnKennedyappealedtoeq\a\vs4\al(P2)theideathathumanscantranscendwhatwereonceconsideredinherentlimitations.Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewilltranscendtheseaswell,andthedreamerswilldeservealotofthecrediteq\a\vs4\al(W5).Themoreevidencewecollectthatourspeciesiscapableofgreatness,themorewewillactuallyachieveit.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。1．TheauthormentionsCyranodeBergeracinordertoshowthat________.A．imaginationisthemotherofinventionB．ingenuityisessentialforsciencefictionwritersC．ittakespatienceforhumanstorealizetheirdreamsD．dreamershavealwaysbeeninterestedinsciencefiction答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswhilehumaningenuity(创造力)strugglestofollow.〞可知，人类想象力汹涌澎湃，而人类的创造力也苦苦地紧追不舍，也就是“想象是创造之母〞。应选A。2．HowdidthegeneralpublicviewKennedy'sspaceexplorationplan?A．ItsymbolizedtheAmericandream.B．Itwasasurgentasracialequality.C．Itsoundedverymuchlikeadream.D．Itmadeanancientdreamcometrue.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade'send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.〞可知，1961年肯尼迪总统宣布美国将到20世纪60年代末把人类送到月球上，那样的话语同样也像是做梦一般。应选C。3．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'saimtoexplorespace?A．Itmaynotbringaboutimmediateeconomicgains.B．Itcannotberealizedwithouttechnologicalinnovation.C．Itwillnothelptherealizationofracialandeconomicequality.D．Itcannotbeachievedwithoutagoodknowledgeoftheotherworlds.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句“Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic(讲求实用的)andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.〞可知，为种族和经济平等的斗争非常讲求实用，能够产生立竿见影的效果，而探索太空不可能产生立竿见影的经济效果。应选A。4．Whichofthefollowingistheclosesttotheunderlinedphrase“feedoff〞inthelastparagraph?A．support B．contradictC．weaken D．substitutefor答案：A词义猜想题。根据最后一段第一句“Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus—notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin－offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.〞可知，太空梦想家们的努力终将造福我们所有人，其原因不仅在于他们拓展人类知识的方式，或者他们研发出来的衍生技术，而是因为两种类型的梦想可以相互扶持。可知feedoff是“support〞的意思。应选A。5．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspaceprograms?A．Critical. B．Reserved.C．Unbiased. D．Supportive.答案：D推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus〞可知，作者是支持梦想家们的，也是支持美国的太空探索工程的。应选D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．provincen.领域；省份2．delivervt.发表；递送；交付3．compromisevt.让步；放弃n.折中，妥协4．civiliann.平民；老百姓5．creditn.荣誉；信用eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．cometoanend结束2.appealto呼吁；上诉；要求B[2022·成都毕业班诊断]NASA'sNewHorizonsprobe(宇宙探测器)flewbyPluto(冥王星)thismorning,sendingbackhistory'sfirstup－closelooksatthevastfreezing－coldworld.Closestapproachcameat7：49a．m.EDT.Tocelebrate,NASAgaveouteq\a\vs4\al(P1)thelatestphotoofPluto.Itshowedareddishworldwithanamazingheart－shapedfeatureonitssurface.Aftertoday'scloseencountereq\a\vs4\al(W1)，alltheninesolarsystem'straditionallyrecognizedplanetshavenowbeenvisitedbyaspaceship—ahugeprojectbegunin1962whenNASA'sMariner2probeflewpastVenus,aplanetinthesolarsystem.Morethan1,200scientists,NASAguestsandimportantpersons,including200reporters,watchedtheflybyliveatNewHorizons'missioneq\a\vs4\al(W2)controlcenter.Thatcloseencounterhasbeenalongtimecoming.The$723millionNewHorizonsmissionlaunchedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)inJanuary2022butbegantakingshapein1989.“NewHorizonsis‘acapstonemission’，〞GlenFountain,missionprojectmanagertoldS.“Itisthefirstcompletionoftheobservationseq\a\vs4\al(W4)ofoursolarsystem.Itisgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.〞“NewHorizonsfacedacrazynumberofchallenges，〞Stern,adrivingforcebehindNewHorizonssaid,“Somanypeoplestuckwiththisforsolong.Theygotknockeddown;theystoodup.Theygotknockeddownagain;theystoodupagain.〞Inacoincidence,today'scloseapproachfallsonthe50thanniversaryeq\a\vs4\al(W5)ofthefirstflybyofMars,anotherplanet,whichwascompletedbyNASA－sMariner4spaceship.Therearenolongernineofficiallyrecognizedplanets,ofcourse.TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoaseq\a\vs4\al(P2)“adwarfplanet〞in2022inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有争议的)today.篇章导读：文章主要讲述了对太阳系行星冥王星的探测以及对其地位的讨论。6．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdeasstillvaryintheidentityofPluto.B．Onlyscientistscouldwatchtheflybylive.C．Marsisthefirstplanetvisitedbyaspaceship.D．NewHorizonsmissionaimedtoobservethesolarsystem.答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas‘adwarfplanet’in2022inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有争议的)today.〞可知，对冥王星的认识还是有争议的。故答案是A。7．GlenFountainmayprobablyagreethat________.A．itisthemostdifficulttolandonPlutointhesolarsystemB．NewHorizonsmissionisalongandtroublesomeprojectC．theirstrongdeterminationleadstothesuccessfulflybyD．peoplearelikelytofindnewwaystofitintospace答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It'sgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.〞可知，格伦·方丹认为人们或许会发现另外一种方法去探究太空。故答案是D。8．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ANewHorizonsProbeB．NASA'sHugeProjectC．Pluto,aControversialPlanetD．ACloseApproachtoPluto答案：D主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了对太阳系行星冥王星的探测。故答案是D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．encountern.相遇；遭遇vt.遭遇；遇到2．missionn.使命；任务3．launchvt.开始从事；发起；发射4．observationn.观察；观测5．anniversaryn.周年纪念日eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．giveout分发；发出；公布2．regard...as...将……视为……Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时7′)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2022·衡水中学三调]Itisgenerallybelievedthatmoneycan'tbuyhappiness.However,thatmaynotbealwaystrue.Accordingtoarecentarticle,inthelastfewyears,anewresearchhasgivenusafardeeperunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenwhatweearnandhowwefeel.Broadlyspeaking,peoplewithhigherincomesarehappierthanthosewhostruggletogetby.Butitalsoshowsyouneedtospendwiselyifyouexpectthosebanknotestoputasmileonyourface.__1__1．Buyexperiences,notmaterialgoods.Inarecentlypublishedstudy,ProfessorRyanatSanFranciscoStateUniversityintheUS,foundthatwhenpeopledon'thavemuchmoneytospare,theytendtosticktomaterialgoods.__2__Buttheyactuallyprovidebothmorehappinessandmorelastingvalue.2.__3__Nomatterhowmuchmoneyyouspendonsomethingandhowspecialthatproductis,youwillgetusedtohavingitovertimeandloseinterestinit.Withthesamemoneyyouspendononebigobject,youcanbuymanylittlethings.Buyingsmallthingsmeansyoucangetfrequentsmallpleasures.3．Besuretobuytime.__4__Forexample,thatbighouseinthesuburbsmayseemlikeagoodidea,buta2022studybyresearchersfromUniversityofZurichinSwitzerlandfoundthatpeoplewithlongertimeonthewayreportedlowerlifesatisfaction,allotherthingsbeingequal.4．Trygivingitaway.ElizabethDunn,professorattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,foundthatinnationsasdiverseasCanada,SouthAfricaandUganda,givingawaymoneyconsistentlymadepeoplehappier.__5__A．Besuretobuywhatyoulike.B．Herearesomewaystobetterspendyourmoney.C．Buylotsoflittlethings,ratherthanonebigthing.D．Therearealotofreasonssomeonemightbuysomething.E．Peoplethinkexperiencesonlyprovidetemporaryhappiness.F．Thiswaseventruewhenpeoplegivingawaywererelativelypoor.G．Considerhowthethingsyoubuywillaffecthowyouspendyourtime.篇章导读：本文是议论文。文章就如何更好地消费给出几条建议。1．B承上启下的过渡句。主要引领下文四条建议。2．E结合上下文并紧扣小标题中的关键词buyexperiences可知，答案为E。3．C根据该段中关键语句“Withthesamemoneyyouspendononebigobject,youcanbuymanylittlethings.Buyingsmallthingsmeansyoucangetfrequentsmallpleasures.〞可知，C项符合语境。4．G该段关键词为“buytime〞，G项为“Considerhowthethingsyoubuywillaffecthowyouspendyourtime.〞，紧扣小标题，符合语境。5．F该段关键词为“giveaway〞，即赠送的乐趣。Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。[2022·河北名校联考]Apolicecarpulledupinfrontofanolderwoman'shouse,andherhusbandclimbedout.Thepolitepoliceman__1__(explain)tohiswifethat“thiselderlygentleman〞saidthathewaslostintheparkandthatcouldn'tfindhiswayhome.“Howcouldithappen？〞sheasked__2__(surprise).“You'vebeengoingtothatparkforover30years!Howcouldyougetlost？〞Gettingclose__3__hisearsothatthepolicemancouldn'thear,hewhispered，“Iwasn'tlost—Iwasjusttootired__4__(walk)home.__5__Iwantedtodoishavesomeonesendmehome.〞Oldageislike__6__(climb)amountain.The__7__(high)youget,themoretiredandbreathlessyouwillbecome.Yourbodieswillbecomeless__8__(cooperate)thanbeforeasyouage.Butyoucanhaveabetterviewwhenyoureachthetopofthemountain__9__onecanhavealongerviewofthepastandcanthereforeunderstandthefuturewithmoreclarity.Itisyourattitudethatmatters.GeorgeBernardShawsaid,“Someareyoungeratseventythanmostatseventeen.〞Ithinkitisbecausetheyhaveabroaderoutlook.__10__willtakealifetimetoclimbthemountain,but,forme,theviewwillbeworththejourney.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章导读：本文为议论文。变老并不可怕，只要我们的心态年轻，即便身体老了，也能像年轻人那样生活，享受生活。1．explained考查动词的时态。句中缺少谓语，且故事发生在过去，故用explained。2．surprisedly考查词性转换。用副词来修饰主语她当时说话的神态。3．to考查介词。getcloseto为固定短语，意为“接近，靠近〞。4．towalk考查固定句式。“too＋adj./adv.＋todosth.〞结构意为“太……而不能干某事〞。5．What/All考查主语从句和定语从句。用What那么为主语从句；用All那么All后为定语从句。6．climbing考查固定搭配。like为介词，belikedoingsth.“像做某事〞。7．higher考查固定句式。“the＋比拟级．..，the＋比拟级．..〞，意为“越……，就越……〞。8．cooperative考查形容