考研英语词汇：Lesson11笔记

Lessonll

1.Accelerate=speedup加速

speedup好坏都有quicker/more

Acceleration

Better=improve

Worse=destroyed=weaken

例句:supercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareas

oflife

2.imaqine=envisaqevision

image图像形象=印象

imagine想象

例句：It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumb=stupidenough

towantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlookso

glamorous光辉的

imagination想象力

imaginative有想象力的

envisageen+vis+age展望面又寸想象

例句：explore开发,探索themanypossibilitieswecanenvisage

envision想象预见展望

例句:That'sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisioned=expectjoint联

合的federal-stateimmigrationenforcement执法

i

正面社会现象类

1.Independence独立性

dependon依赖relyonbaseon

dependent依赖的

dependency依赖性

Dependence

independent

例句：QTheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspower权利ofenforcement执法

[B]isdependentonthestates'support（用常识可以判断错误的

选项）

2.distinction

distinct分明的，明了的，清楚的（偶尔表示有差别的）distinctive有差

另帕勺（differentfromothers）,有特色的

distinction区另U荣誉=honor

例句：Noclear-cut=obviousdistinctioncanbedrawnbetween

professionals专家andamateurs业余爰好者inscience

distinguish分辨（考试中常出现）

distinguishAfromB寸巴A和B区分开

distinguishoneselfasooo因...而有名气befamousfor

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Criticalthinking/mind批判性思维

例句：Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,is

distinguishingbetweenfacts事实andopinions看法/factsfrom

opinions

extinctextinguishextinction灭绝（物种一环保相关素材）

Eliminate消灭elimination

例句:Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo

goextinct=dieout

extinguish熄灭

例句：Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatan

uninformed未告知的citizenry公民权willextinguishtheprecious

embers灰烬，余H军ofmedicalprogress.

Informedcitizenry公民知情权

3.Capacity

Capacity容量，能力

例句:Theseaadmitshundredsofthousandsofriversforitscapacity

tohold

海纳百川有容乃大

Capablebecapableof

彳列句:

Gilberfsowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:A,

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Ross,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhois

capableof=abletoturningthePhilharmonic爱乐乐团into"a

markedly显著地different,morevibrant有活力的organization乐队

4.remark（remarkable）

mark

Remark=review话语评论

Remarkable=marked显著的，非凡的（值得关注的）

consider考用considerable大量的

itisremarkablethat...

例句：Owingto归因于/因为theremarkabledevelopmentin

mass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsand

arebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas

人文科技类词汇

科学科技类词汇

1.hypothesis/theory

hypo-作为词根,向下的有时候偏负面（hypocrisy虚伪）

thesis是理论的意思，而理论的下面就应该是一个假设（没有被印证，还是

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假想阶段）

underthehypothesisof=underthepreconditionof在…前提之下

thesis（可以指论文的意思）和theory基本上可以通用

例句:Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfraction=partcanbe

muchreduced.（中文翻译是理论上说）

2.science/technology科技（AI—dataprotection）

这个基本上不用多说，都知道

Scientific

Scientist

High-techindustry

Technician技工（高级）

科幻片science&fictionmovie

3.Academic学术的/practical实用的knowledge

academy学院（学术机构）school学院

同义词facultyinstitutionschool

Academic学术的

和practical有明显区别

例句：Traditionaltestsbestassess评估analyticalandverbal

（）

skillsacademicknowledgeb（Jtfaj|tomeasurecreativityandpractical

knowledge,components零彳牛（同位语）alsocriticaltoproblem

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solvingandlifesuccess」后置定语）

4.profession职业:elite精英反amateur

professor教授

professional专业的amateur业余爰好者

Profession=occupation职业

（career职业生涯/job/work工彳乍（量）/occupation）

Findajobfirst,thenchooseyourcareer.先就业,再择业

5.compete/competitive有竞争力的/competition

compete竞争+with

competitor竞争者=rival（有敌意的，hostile有敌意的）

例句：Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,

classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,

dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththe

recorded唱片performancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe

20thcentury.

6.Educational

Educationeducator

Educational有教育意义的

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7.novel/novelty

Novel=new小说，新颖的

novelist小说家fiction（小说，更多偏向科幻类）

novelty新颖，新奇的事物

novelapplication仓新应用

彳列句：Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaims

tobeacceptedandappreciated.

8.machine/mechanical机械的

machinery不可数，是机器的总称

machine可数device机械

mechanical机械的

mechanic技工，机修工

Mechanism=system机制（常考词）

例句：

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyjsthe

mechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedand

respondedtobyproducers.

9.automate/automatic

auto汽车

automatic自动的，自动化robotrobotic

Mid-class

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10.Empirical中性词(experimental)

empire帝王，帝国

empirical经验主义的，凭经验的，依据观察的

11.paradox

矛盾

例句:Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.取信过

程

出版类常见词汇

1.Reviewer审核员/评论家

viewreviewreviewer评论家,评论员

peerreview同业审查(discoveryclaim)

Peerpressure朋辈压力

例句：ResearchersshouldimprovetheirstandardsIhewrotein2012,

butjournals(学术)期干ijshouldalsotakeatougherline=standard,

”(by)engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditors

whocanverify=check(辨明真伪)theprocess".(方式状语)

2.editor/editorial

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编辑主编

3.journal/journalistiS#/journalism/journalistic

记者

Capitalism

注意journalism新闻业，不是新闻主义

例句:Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling使命,andwere

proudtobepublishedinthedailypress新闻.（日才艮）

4.publish/publication

出版，出版行业

例句：Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity

科学界,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactas

gatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess（方式状语）;other

scientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes

艺术类常见词汇

1.decoration=ornament

decorate装饰

例句：Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere,whichyoumaybesure

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willbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,the

BanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth（小并歹!J,阅读中的无效信息）and

willbeveryexpensive.

orn-表示装饰的词根

ornate华丽的

ornament装饰物ornamentation

adorn装饰

adornment装饰品

例句：Thefashionindustryknows（that）ithasaninherentproblem

infocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.

2.liberal/illiberal

Legalillegal

liberal自由的，开朗的，自由主义者

liberalarts人文艺术（偏重文科教学）liberalartseducation文学

liberty自由，解放

liberalism自由主义

illiberal吝啬的，小心眼的（重利的）

例句:TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasm=passion热情forliberal

education文科教育

例句：AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupin

law,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudya

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non-specialistliberal-artsdegree文科学位beforeembarkingona

professionalqualification

形近词

literal照字面的

literacy有文化，识字

literature文学

例句:Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities人文科学：literature,

languages,philosophyandsoon.

3.Abstract抽象的/abstraction

Adj.抽象的

n.摘要

v.提取

ab-abs-离去或者语气加强

tract-作为词根有拉出

tractor拖拉机

extract就是提取，剥离

attract吸引拉出来，拉过来=叩peal=seduce

distract拉开，分心

contractcocon一起，把两个人拉到一起，签合同

常考意思就是抽象的

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anabstractidea=concept概念

4.Elegant高雅的

日egancy高雅

彳列句：Peopleareabsorbedinto"acultureofconsumption,,launched

bythe19th-centurydepartmentstores（后置定语）［hatoffered"vast

arrays=alotofgoodsinanelegant高雅的atmosphere.”

Elevate提升

日evator电梯

Elevating高雅的=elegant

例句：Immigrantsarequicklyfittinginto融入thiscommon大众

culture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardly

poisonous=harmful.

医疗健康类词汇

1.unhealthy/health

health健康=well-being

healthy健康的

例句：posenothreattohissafetyorwell-being

unhealthy

2.diagnosis

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名词诊断

Diagnostic诊断的，判断的

Reduce=changefromAtoB

例句：Nowapinkslip失业,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearing

spouse配偶canreduceafamilyfromsolidlymid-classtonewlypoo

rinafewmonths.

3.medicine（medical）

medicaltreatment药物治疗

medicine药物（相对更加广泛，处方,）

medication药物药物治疗（多指医生开的处方药）

Med/mid表示中间的，调节的

mediate调停调节斡旋

mediateameetingbetweenAandB

medium中间的，中等的，媒介

例句：Thatwouldprobablybemorethanenough绰绰有余的forany

medium-sizedcityeveninthehottestsummer

4.treatment

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treat招待，款待itsmytreat我请客

treathimwell好好招呼他

treatment治疗

undertreatment（处于治疗中）和under-treatment（处理不足，不到位）

Underdevelopment处于发展中

Under-development欠发达的

例句：sheisundertreatment她处于治疗中

例句:Itidentifies辨明theunder-treatment