华东交通大学考博英语真题

2019年华东交通大学考博英语真题

（总分:32.65,做题时间:180分钟）

一、Vocabulary（总题数：20,分数：0.00）

1.Thetopmanagersarefullof（）towardthesalesvolumeofmobilephonesnextyear.

（分数：1.00）

A.curiosity

B.optimismJ

C.passion

D.attitude

解析：

2.Inquiries（）theconditionofpatientsmaybemadepersonallyorbytelephone.

（分数：1.00）

A.regardingJ

B.considering

C.following

D.relating

解析：

3.Technologicaldevelopments（）newski1Isinmanyindustries,leavingthoseworkerswith

outdatedskillsoutofwork.

（分数：LOO）

A.necessitateV

B.associate

C.negotiate

D.differentiate

解析：

4.Thursdaymarkedthe42nd（）ofman'sfirststeponthemoon.

（分数：1.00）

A.ceremonyJ

B.decade

C.occasion

D.anniversary

解析：

5.The（）pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscan

agree.

（分数：1.00）

A.mainJ

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

解析：

6.Iwasshockedtofindafrontstorythatwasmore（）initsnaturethanitwas

informative.

（分数：1.00）

A.sentimentalJ

B.sensitive

C.sensational

D.sensible

解析：

7.Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanyculturewill()totheestablishedstandardsofthat

culture.

(分数：1.00)

A.conform

B.confineJ

C.confirm

D.confront

解析：

8.Thepoorgirlcouldn,t()fromhertearsanymorewhenhermothershowedup.

(分数：LOO)

A.remain

B.refrainV

C.maintain

D.strain

解析：

9.Shebecamethefirstwomantoentertheschoolbutwithdrawafterafewdays()stress.

(分数：1.00)

A.inhonorof

B.becauseof7

C.inspiteof

D.insteadof

解析：

10.Wearesorrytoinformyouthattheshipmentisnot()thestandardinthecontract.

(分数：1.00)

A.dueto

B.accordingto

C.priorto

D.uptoV

解析：

11.Thereisastandardmethod()officersareselectedforpromotion.

(分数：1.00)

A.whereby

B.thatJ

C.where

D.whereas

解析：

12.Immigrationofficialshavetobeverycarefulindecidingwhetherto()al1oronlysome

ofthosei11ega1immigrants.

(分数：1.00)

A.dissolve

B.deportJ

C.distract

D.detect

解析：

13.Theideathatboysandgirlshavedifferentlearningstylesseemstobelosingground,

buttherearestillmany()supportersofsingle-sexeducation.

(分数：LOO)

A.compulsory

B.pervasiveJ

C.critical

D.passionate

解析：

14.Economicandfinancialglobalizationhaslentimportan()toeconomicgrowthinrecent

decades,especiallyinemergingmarkets.

(分数：LOO)

A.motive

B.impulse

C.impetusV

D.promotion

解析：

15.Wecannotimaginewhatatoughjobitistoreadmusicfromaphotocopyofahandwritten

()inoldGerman.

(分数:1.00)

A.submission

B.manuscriptV

C.substance

D.manipulation

解析：

16.Manyyoungpeopleinvolvedinforcedmarriageshavetofacea(),thatis,theylove

theirparentsbuttheyalsowanttopursuetruelove.

(分数：1.00)

A.dilemmaV

B.confrontation

C.doctrine

D.conflict

解析：

17.Ifwefindthegenesthatcontrolthehumanbodyclock,wecanperhapsslowthemdownand

extendhumanlife()alittle.

(分数：1.00)

A.expectation

B.terminal

C.expectancy

D.rangeV

解析：

18.Iwaiteduntilhehad()beforeItoldhimIwasleavingandheadedforthefrontdoor.

(分数：LOO)

A.handeddown

B.calmeddownJ

C.turneddown

D.trackeddown

解析：

19.Thereisgrowing()amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedby

protectedareasalone.

(分数：1.00)

A.consensusJ

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

解析：

20.Theroleofaprofessional（）istohelptwopartiessolveconflictorappeasedispute

throughskillfuluseoflanguage.

（分数：1.00）

A.senatorJ

B.supervisor

C.negotiator

D.mediator

解析：

二、ReadingComprehension（总题数：5,分数：0.00）

21.Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelp

improvedyslexicchildren,sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewith

time.

Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafter

onegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.Each

groupwascomposedof10childrenwhoplayed80minutesofvideogamesadayfornine

days,equaling12hoursofplayperchiId.Theirreadingskillsweremeasuredonanumber

offactors,includinghowfasttheyreadwordsandhowaccuratelytheyreadthem.Results

showedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogames

couldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear'sintense,traditionaltherapies.

Scientistsaimedtoprovethatthere*sacorrelationbetweenadyslexicchild'svisual

attentionspanandtheirabi1itytoread.Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon­

actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,and

presentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceive

bothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.

Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayers

defeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.Onlyactiongamekidsshowedgeneral

readingimprovements,upto40percent,whilenon-actionreadersshowednoimprovement.

Theactiongamersalsoimprovedtheirbasictextreadingbyasmuchas60percent,while

non-actiongamersshowedamoremodest5percent_10percentgain.Thoughmoreresearch

isneededtonaildownthespecificrolethatactiongamesplayintheimprovements,the

researchersclaimedtheirdataisthestart.Theybelievetheirfindingsshow

thatattentioncanbestudiedandefficientlytrainedduringinfancy.Thiscanpavethe

wayforlow-resource-demandingearlypreventionprogramsthatcoulddrasticallyreducethe

incidentofreadingdisorders.

（分数：1.75）

（1）.Whatdoestherecentstudydiscussedinthepassageshow?（分数：1.00）

A.Traditionaltherapiesdobetterthanvideogamesinhelpingchildrenread.

B.Childrenpreferactionvideogamestonon-actiononesintheirreadingclass.

C.Playingactionvideogamescaneffectivelyimprovechildren'sreadingability.J

D.Thebenefitsofplayingactionvideogamesgradua11ygetweakerovertime.

解析：

（2）.Researchersofthestudyconductedtheirtestby.（分数：0.25）

A.measuringtheeffectsofplayingdifferenttypesofvideogamesonreadingJ

B.comparingtheeffectsofdifferentreadingmethodsonreadingspeed

C.trainingchildrenwithreadingdifficultiestoreadwordsfastandaccurately

D.teachingchildrentoplayvariousvideogamesforseveralhourseachday

解析：

(3).Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadifferencebetweenactionvideo

gamesandnon-actionones?(分数：0.25)

A.Actionvideogamesgiveplayersmoreinternalfeedback.

B.Actionvideogamespresentarichervarietyofstimulitoplayers.

C.Actionvideogamesrequirepayersreadmoreduringplaying.

D.Actionvideogameshaveasomewhatlowersensory-motorload

解析：

(4).Resultsofthestudyconfirmedscientistsassumptionthat.(分数:0.25)

A.Readingdifficultiesarecausedbybothexternalandinternalfactors

B.Actionvideogameshavehighergameseesthannor-actionvideogames

C.Readingdifficultiesarerelatedtoexcessiveplayingofvideogames

D.Actionvideogamesprovideplayerswithfeedbackthatfacilitatelearning

解析：

22.ThereareAmericanswhovisitFranceandcomebacksaying“theFrencharesorude."I

feeldifferently.IthinkAmericansperceiveFrenchbehavior“rude"becauseitdoesn*t

fo11owAmericanrules.Youcan,tassumethateveryoneinFranceshouldspeakEnglish.You

can*tapproachaFrenchstrangerwithabigAmericanhelloand“howareyou“andexpect

themtorespondinkind.However,ifyoulookthemintheeye,giveaslightnodwitha

gentlehello,theywillrespondfavorably.MostFrenchpeopleImeetaresubtleand

dignified.Theyarenotloud,andtheyarereservedintheirexpressions.Weliketosay

wordslike“great","magnificent”,oramarvelous“TheFrenchwi11say“pasmaI

(notbad)eveniftheywinthelottery!Andyouwi11bewrongifyouthinkEuropeans

don'thavetheirownnegativeideaofAmericans.MostyoungEuropeansI'vemetview

Americansas“fake"andloud,sincewedotendtohavebighellosandsmilesfor

strangersandaskahowareyou“andwalkawaybeforearesponse.Weshouldmakea

consciousefforttoshowtheFrenchthatwecanadjusttooursurroundings,andthatwe

don'texpecttoenteraforeigncountryandhaveeverythingbejustaswewishitto

be.

Iwasn'tabletocompletelyforgetmyAmericanrootsduringmystay.Iwasstilltheone

gettingstrangelookswearingmysandalsinthecold(withsocksofcourse).Iwasstill

theonewiththeloudestlaugh.AndIcouldneverquitegetmyvoicetothatlevelwhich

is“loudenoughforthewaitertohearbutnotnearbydiners”Iwi11alwaysfeelabit

likeanawkwardteenagerasIstumblemywayaroundEurope.Iwasveryluckyinthatmy

FrenchfriendsinsistedmyAmericanidiosyncrasies(习性)werecharminganddeservingof

acceptance.

SolookattheFrenchinanewlight.Theyhavearichculture,arichpast.Icanattestto

thefactthatifyouarekindandpolite,youwillgainfriends,andperhapsevenimprove

foreignrelations!

（分数：1.75）

（1）.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesAmericansthinkthattheFrencharerude?（分数:

1.00）

A.ThewayFrenchpeoplegreetstrangersinpublicisimpoliteandunkind.

B.ThewayFrenchpeoplebehavediffersfromwhatAmericansareusedto.V

C.FewFrenchholdafriendlyorfavorableattitudetowardEnglishspeakers.

D.FewFrenchrespondtostrangersgentleandkindgreetingsfavorably.

解析：

（2）.ComparedwithAmericans,theFrenchtendtowhentheygivecompliments.（分数：

0.25）

A.speakataloudanddignifiedvoice

B.avoidusingnegativeexpressions

C.choosesubtleandmoderateexpressionsJ

D.begenerousandsomewhatexaggerating

解析：

（3）.Whichoftheflowingdoestheauthorprobablyagree?（分数：0.25）

A.Oneshouldsticktohisownculturewhenhecommunicateswithforeigners.

B.Oneshouldfullyadapttotheculturalnormsofaforeigncountryhelivesin.

C.Onecankeepsomerulesofhisnativeculturewhenlivinginaforeigncounty.J

D.Onecaneasilymakefriendswithforeignersbylearningtheiridiosyncrasies

解析：

（4）.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbebestputasto.（分数：0.25）

A.explainaculturalconceptbycomparingtwopeoples*behaviors

B.tellatruestorybasedontheauthorJsownexperienceinaforeigncountry

C.proveapopularviewonanationbyuseoflogicalreasoning

D.refuteanationalstereotypewithevidencefromtheauthor'sownexperienceJ

解析：

23.GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyeattheUniversityofNottingham,recently

arguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusas

people,becausethereisnoMcompellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyor

sociallybetterforreadingTolstoyworothergreatbooks.

Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,

andKeithOatley,aprofessorofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,

reportedinstudiespublishedin2006and2009thatindividualswhooftenreadfiction

appeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize（起共鸣）withthemandview

theworldfromtheirperspective.Thislinkpersistedevenaftertheresearchersfactoredin

thepossibilitythatmoreempatheticindividualsmightchoosetoreadmorenovels.

Recentresearchincognitivescience,psychologyandneurosciencehasdemonstratedthat

deepreadingofbooksisadistinctiveexperience,verydifferentfromtheinformation-

drivenreadingwedoontheWeb.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,require

aconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducivetothe

deepreadingexperience.Abook*slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfully

immersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickona

linkornot.

Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichinsensorydetai1

andemotionalandmoralcomplexity,bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthe

samebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.The

emotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorous

exerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandeven

increasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeopleare

comingtoknowit.Theirreading,mostlydoneonscreen,ispragmaticandinstrumental.Ifwe

allowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthem

ofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.Instead

moldingoureducationaroundyoungpeople*sattachmenttodigitaldevicesandonscreen

habits,weneedtoshowthemsomeplacethey*veneverbeento,aplaceonlydeepreading

cantakethemto.

（分数：1.75）

（1）.Prof,GregoryCurriearguesthat.（分数：LOO）

A.literaturedoesn,tshowpeople*smoralorsocialstandards

B.onlygoodliteratureshowspeople*smoralandsocialvalues

C.readingfictionwon'timprovepeoplemoral1yorsociallyJ

D.onlyreadinggreatbooksbenefitspeoplemorallyandsocially

解析：

（2）.ThestudiesofRaymondMarandKeithOatleyshowthat.（分数：0.25）

A.empatheticpeoplearemore1ikelytoreadnovelsoften

B.empatheticpeoplehaveabetterperspectiveontheworld

C.readingfictionencouragespeopletobemorepersistent

D.readingfictionhelpspeopleunderstandothersbetterJ

解析：

（3）.Deepreadingofpaperbookscomparedwithreadingontheweb.（分数：0.25）

A.requiresreaderstodomorecarefulthinking

B.enablesreaderstostayabsorbedinthestoryJ

C.givesreadersmany1inkstoothermaterials

D.allowsreaderstochoosetheirfuturereading

解析：

（4）.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor.（分数：0.25）

A.supportsuseofdigitaldevicesinclassroom

B.prefersreadingonscreentoreadingpaperbooks

C.takesapositiveapproachtoeducationreforms

D.holdsanegativeattitudetowardreadingonscreenJ

解析：

24.Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul“isdebatable;thattheyareintensely

importantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofa

baby,slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbe

real:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyes

maynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.

Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.In

onestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrew

peoplewithmouths,but.99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,where

babiesarecarriedontheirmother,sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmentto

eyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthe

faceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplaceto

focusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversation

partnerw.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswell

defined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,then

glanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistener

orreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeaway

oncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowing

themselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeaker

attheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,

thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactis

resumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringisto

themaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdark

glasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,

andunpredictablepauses.

（分数：1.75）

（1）.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（分数：LOO）

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideasV

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

解析：

（2）.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（分数：0.25）

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromthesideJ

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

解析：

（3）.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（分

数：0.25）

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontactJ

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

解析：

（4）.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（分数：0.25）

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachotherV

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

解析：

25.Accordingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedforceinexpanding

thehorizonsofscientificknowledge.Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthrough

theinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimproved

techniquesandtools.Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientific

revolution,aswecal1it,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesof

instrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.

Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhave

largelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.Themodernschoolthat

hailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,and

inventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,

craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusablein

scientificexperiments.

Thecoreoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisof

Galileo'sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.Thewisdomofthedaywas

derivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftensky

putEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.Galileo'sgreatestglorywasthatin1609

hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethat

theplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.Buttherealheroofthe

story,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovement

ofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.

Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvsgeniusdispute.Whetherthe

Governmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyor

viceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.

(分数：1.75)

(1).Whatleadstotheexpansionofscienceintermsofthenewschoolofscientists?(分数:

1.00)

A.Thecreativeideasofthegreatminds.

B.Thescientificknowledgeofthegeniuses.

C.Theimprovementofordinarytoolsandtechniques.

D.Theneglectedforceinscientificinnovations.

解析：

(2).Whatisthenatureofscientificrevolutionaccordingtoaleaderofthenewschool?(分

数：0.25)

A.Ithelpstoinventaseriesofnewinstruments.

B.Itisactuallytheresultofthedevelopmentofaseriesofinstruments.J

C.Itpushesthesciencetowardaparticulardirection.

D.Ithasimprovedthetechniquesininnumerabledirections.

解析：

(3).Whydoesmodernschoolofscientistspayattentiontotheinventionandimprovementof

toolsandtechnology?(分数：0.25)

A.Becausetheycanbeappliedinscientificexperiments.

B.Becausetheyaregreatlyadmiredbyscientistsandinventors.

C.Becausetheyareoverlookedbyhistoriansandphilosophers.

D.Becausetheycanbeservedasasourceofbasicinnovations.J

解析：

(4).Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?(分数：0.25)

A.Thegovernment'sdecisiononitsfinanceallocationisdeterminedbyitsopinionon

theprioritybetweenscienceandtechnology.J

B.Thegovernmenthasdevelopedpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnology.

C.Thegovernmenthasattachedmoreimportancetotechnologythanpurescience.

D.Thegovernmentwi11nolongerincreasethefinancialsupporttopurescience.

解析：

三、Cloze（总题数：1,分数：0.00）

26.Thereisvirtuallyno1imittohowonecanservecommunityinterests,fromsendingafew

hoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyful1-timeworkforasocial

agency.JustasthereareopportunitiesforVoluntaryServiceOverseas（VSO）foryoung

peoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment,[Al]thereareopportunitiesfor

overseasserviceforqualifiedtechniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,[A2]

thosewhoretireearly,offertheirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries【A3】

thereisaspecialneed.

Soinconsideringvoluntaryorpaidcommunityservice,therearemoreopportunitiesthan

there[A4]werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlya

smallfull-timestaff,anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthat

workingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizations,andvaluesmay

bedifferent.Insomewaystheymayseemmore[A5]andlessefficient,butone

shouldnotjudgethembycommercial[A6].Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofor

differentreasonsandwithdifferentobjectives,bothpersonalandorganizational.One

shouldnotjointhem[A7]toarmthemwithprofessionalexpertise;theymustbe

joinedwithcommitrnenttothecause,notbusiness[A8]Becausesalariesaresmallor

non-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpenses.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepart

incommunityservicefor[A9],simplybecausetheyenjoythework.

Manycommunityactivitiespossibleinretirementwerealsopossibleduringone*sworking

lifebuttheyaretobeundertakennolessseriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejust

lookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider[A10]_____community

service.

（分数:1.90）

（1）.[Al]—（分数：LOO）

A.as

B.soJ

C.then

D.that

解析：

（2）.[A2]一（分数：0.10）

A.passionately

B.partially

C.particular]yJ

D.peculiarly

解析：

（3）.[A3]—（分数：0.10）

A.which

B.