2023版高考英语大一轮复习Unit4Globalwarming复习练案新人教版选修6

PAGEPAGE6Unit4GlobalwarmingⅠ.阅读理解A(2022·上海)eq\x(导学号42492627)Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth'schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions(排放)from2022to2022.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2022.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.——3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.——2℃Tomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands,worsedrought(干旱)anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.——1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow­lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.——0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.——0℃Thebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.文章大意：本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。1．Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that__D__.A．theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2022B．gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC．theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD．humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段三至六句“Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997，theKyoto...stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.〞可知自从20世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。故D项正确。2．IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100？__D__A．Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.B．Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C．Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D．TheAgreement'sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions；可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段Tomeetthisminimumgoal可知最小的目标是上升两度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D正确。3．Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe__B__.A．0.8℃ B．1.5℃C．2℃ D．3.5℃解析：细节理解题。根据第四段1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow­lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.可知，对于那些低海拔的国家来说上升1.5度，就可以防止他们被淹没。故B正确。B(2022·深圳一调)eq\x(导学号42492628)Anabsolutedescriptionofthethreathangingovertheworld'smammals,reptiles,amphibians(哺乳、爬行、两栖动物)andotherlifeformshasbeenpublishedbythewell­knownscientificjournal,Nature.Aspecialanalysiscarriedoutbythejournalindicatesthatanastonishing41%ofallamphibiansontheplanetnowfaceextinctionwhile26%ofmammalspeciesand13%ofbirdsaresimilarlythreatened.Manyspeciesarealreadycriticallyendangeredandclosetoextinction,includingtheSumatranelephant,Amurleopardandmountaingorilla.Butalsoindangerofvanishingfromthewild,itnowappears,areanimalsthatarecurrentlyratedasmerelybeingendangered.Ineachcase,thefingerofblamepointsdirectlyathumanactivities.Thecontinuingspreadofagricultureisdestroyingmillionsofhectaresofwildhabitats(栖息地)everyyear,leavinganimalswithouthomes,whiletheintroductionofnewly­comespecies,oftenhelpedbyhumans,isalsodamagingnativepopulations.Atthesametime,pollutionandoverfishingaredestroyingoceanecosystems.“Habitatdestruction,pollutionoroverfishingeitherkillsoffwildcreaturesandplantsorleavesthembadlyweakened，〞saidDerekTittensor,anoceanecologistattheWorldConservationMonitoringCentreinCambridge.“Thetroubleisthatincomingdecades,theadditionalthreatofworseningclimatechangewillbecomemoreandmorecommonandcouldthenkilloffthesesurvivors.〞Theproblem,accordingtoNature,isworsenedbecauseofthehugegapsinscientists'knowledgeabouttheplanet'sbiodiversity.Evaluationsofthetotalnumberofspeciesofanimalsandplantsalivevaryfrom2millionto50million.Inaddition,evaluationsofcurrentratesofspecies'disappearancesvaryfrom500to36,000ayear.“Thatistherealproblemweface，〞addedTittensor.“Thescaleofuncertaintyishuge.〞Intheend,however,thedataindicatethattheworldisheadingcruellytowardsamassextinction—whichisdefinedasoneinvolvingalossof75%ofspeciesormore.Thiscouldarriveinlessthanahundredyearsorcouldtakeathousand,dependingonextinctionrates.文章大意：这是一篇科普文。世界著名科学杂志?自然?作了一个特别分析，用一些惊人的数据说明世界上一些动植物正面临灭绝，同时指出，造成灭绝的直接原因是人类的破坏活动。4．What'sthemainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphs？__C__A．Figuresaboutsomewildanimalsareastonishing.B．“Nature〞isthefamousjournalaroundtheworld.C．Manyendangeredspeciesareclosetoextinction.D．Somerarespecieshaveappearedaroundtheworld.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“anastonishing41%ofallamphibiansontheplanetnowfaceextinctionwhile26%ofmammalspeciesand13%ofbirdsaresimilarlythreatened〞以及第二段中的“Manyspeciesarealreadycriticallyendangeredandclosetoextinction〞可知，许多动物面临灭绝的困境。故答案为C。5．Thedirectreasonfortheextinctionofsomespeciesis__B__.A．continuousappearanceofnewspeciesB．destructiveactivitiesofhumanbeingsC．moreandmorehomelessanimalsD．thegreatchangeofoceanecosystems解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Ineachcase,thefingerofblamepointsdirectlyathumanactivities〞可知，在每一种情况下，人类的活动都是应该直接遭到责备的，也就是说，人类的活动是一些动物灭绝的直接原因。故答案为B。6．Fromparagraph4weknowthatanotherfuturethreatis__C__.A．destructionofhabitatsB．overfishingandpollutionC．theworseningclimatechangeD．killingoffwildcreaturesandplants解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Thetroubleisthatincomingdecades,theadditionalthreatofworseningclimatechangewillbecomemoreandmorecommonandcouldthenkillofthesesurvivors〞可知，不断恶化的气候变化是一个未来威胁。故答案为C。7．Whatdoes“This〞inthelastsentencereferto？__A__A．massextinction B．extinctionratesC．extinctiontime D．75%ofspeciesormore解析：代词指代题。根据文章最后一段可知，This指的是上句中的“amassextinction—whichisdefinedasoneinvolvingalossof75%ofspeciesormore〞，massextinction意思是“大量消亡，大灭绝〞。故答案为A。Ⅱ.七选五eq\x(导学号42492629)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余项。3－2－1GREEN!Youalreadyknowanenvironmentalist'sthreeR's:reduce,reuse,recycle.__1.E__HerearethreethingsyoucandofortheEarthDay.Bearealcut­upThenexttimeyou'reabouttothrowouttheplasticringsthatholdasix­packofsodatogether,reachforapairofscissors.Asayoungturtle,Peanutgotstuckinoneofthoserings.Asshegrew,theringstayedput(原地不动),forcinghershelltogrowaroundit.Bythetimesomeonefoundherandcutherfree,hershellwaspermanentlydeformed(成畸形的)．Thankstoherhardshell,Peanutisaliveandwell.ShenowlivesatanaturecenterinMissouri.Butmostanimalsthatgetcaughtinsix­packringsdie.WHATYOUCANDOEasy!__2.C__Huntforvampires(吸血鬼)Youknowallthoseelectronicinventionsyou'vegotathome?Evenwhenyouswitchthemoff,they'rereallystillon.__3.B__AnythingwithaglowingLEDoff/onlight,aremotecontrol,oraclockdisplayisalwayson.WHATYOUCANDOJustpullouttheplugsortaptheOFFswitchtillyoureallyneedtheelectronics.__4.A__MattDamonreallycaresaboutcleanwater.SoinFebruary,heannouncedthathewasgoingonstrikeagainsttoilets.“Untileverybodyhasaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation，〞hesaid.“Iwillnotgotothebathroom！〞Hewaskiddingbuttomakeaseriouspoint.Aroundtheworld,hesaid,“780millionpeoplelackaccesstocleanwater；2.5billionpeoplelackaccesstoatoilet.〞WHATYOUCANDO__5.F__Justdon'twastewater.Don'trunthewaterwhilebrushingyourteeth.Takeshortershowers.A．GetwaterwiseB．Howtorecognizevampireelectronics?C．Cuttheringsapartbeforeyoutrashthem.D．UsetoiletslessE．Buthowelsecanyouhelp.F．Noneedtogoonatoiletstrike.G．Dothingsthatcanhelpwithgoodlivingconditions.文章大意：本文是说明文。你能为绿色环保生活做什么？文章告诉你的3件事你一定能做到。解析：1．注意前后两句中反复出现的you，以及下文出现的WHATYOUCANDO。很明显，文章的中心思想是让“你〞能够做到文章中提到的3点，因此答案为E。此题容易错选G，其在衔接前后两句时并不显得突兀，但其含义却有失偏颇，提到的仅仅是生活条件，与主题不符，故不选C。2．比照下文中两个WHATYOUCANDO可知，设空处提出的是具体的解决方法。此题指怎样做才能防止像海龟Peanut一样的悲剧，因此答案为C。3．这里用vampire比喻那些被忽略的耗电设备，B切题。4．这里缺一个标题，由后面的内容可知，节约用水是中心思想。美国影星MattDamon通过自己的例子告诉大家不要浪费水，因此答案为A。5．此题干扰项较多，选择正确答案的方法是把握住中心思想。中心思想是节约用水，同时注意后一句中出现的Just一词，这里提示与设空处的语意有一定的转折关系，由此可以筛选出正确答案为F。Ⅲ.短文改错eq\x(导学号42492630)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2022·甘肃省二诊)Recently,smogweatherhasbecamemoreandmoreseriousinpartsofChina.Peopleforcedtowearmaskstoavoidbreathepoisonousair.Tosettlethisproblem,theseriesofmeasuresshouldbetaken.First,weshouldenact(公布)morestrictlawonenvironmentalprotectiontoregulatetheindustrialproductionandpunishthosefactorieswhatignoretheprotection.Second,weshoulddevelopenvironmentally­friendlyproductstoimproveairquality.Besides,peopleshouldbuildupprotectionawarenesstoformahabitbyusinggreenproductsorsavingenergy.Inmyopinion,ifweallacttogether,theirenvironmentwillbecomemorebetter.答案：Recently,smogweatherhaseq\o(became,\s\do12(become))moreandmoreseriousinpartsofChina.Peopleeq\o(∧,\s\do12(are))forcedtowearmaskstoavoideq\o(breathe,\s\do12(breathing))poisonousair.Tosettlethisproblem,eq\o(the,\s\do12(a))seriesofmeasuresshouldbetaken.First,weshouldenact(公布)morestricteq\o(law,\s\do12(laws))o