2022年全国甲卷高考英语试卷真题答案及知识点详解（深度解读）

高考英语真题深度解读（全国甲卷）语篇总览语篇总览语篇语境话题体裁词数难度阅读理解A人与社会英国Cardiff的四家剧院应用文275+56★★★☆☆阅读理解B人与自然凤头鹦鹉与人类二岁幼儿在识别形状能力的对比说明文237+130★★☆☆☆阅读理解C人与自我GinniBazlinton的一次终生难忘的南极之旅记叙文300+98★★★☆☆阅读理解D人与社会不同的人对悉尼发展过程中不同文化冲突的见解夹叙夹议331+132★★★☆☆阅读七选五人与社会不同国家的餐桌礼仪说明文209+80★★☆☆☆完形填空人与自然作者因狗与男士相识、相知和相爱记叙文249★★★☆☆语法填空人与社会盲人男子徒步经历记叙文189★★★☆☆短文改错人与社会作者和父亲的关系记叙文104★★★☆☆书面表达人与自然海洋保护征文比赛应用文100(左右)★★★★☆阅读理解阅读理解A篇解读语篇解读语篇体裁应用文主题语境人与社会——艺术评析——剧院特色关键词Theatres,Entertainment,StDavid’sHall,TheGleeClub,ShermanCymru,NewTheatre主旨概要介绍了英国Cardiff的四家剧院各自的特色百科知识①加的夫(Cardiff)：又译作卡迪夫。英国西南部的重要港口和工业、服务业中心，威尔士首府。位于布里斯托尔湾北岸，塔夫河口。城市人口34.61万（2011年），临近威尔士南部煤田。二十世纪初曾是世界最大的煤炭输出港。市内现代化街道、建筑物与旧式街道、古老教堂并存。有国家博物馆、威尔士民族博物馆；城西有航空站。②StDavid’sHall：屡获殊荣的威尔士国家音乐厅，内有2000个座位。还是一年一度的WalesProms的主办场地，适合流行，摇滚，民间，爵士等多种音乐会类型。③TheGleeClub：是一组现场喜剧、音乐和特别活动场所。我们是单口喜剧的发源地，经常有比尔的混合周末秀和大牌明星的个人秀巡回演出。我们还举办鼓舞人心的音乐演唱会、口头交流活动以及歌舞表演和滑稽表演。④ShermanCymru：谢尔曼剧院位于加的夫的国泰区。1973年，在加的夫大学的资助下，它被建成了一个双厅场馆。.⑤NewTheatre：新剧院是威尔士首府加的夫的主要剧院之一。它位于市中心公园广场，靠近国泰公园。原文出处本文选自2014年至2015年发行的英国威尔士卡迪夫城市旅游手册。语言知识重难点词impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的；annualadj.一年一度的；alikeadv.同样地；namevt.说出……的名字；qualityadj.高质量的；pickn.最佳选择；reopenvt.复工重难点词块ishometo………的所在地；theveryheartof…在……的中心；alongwith…连同……；theverybest…最好的……；premiercomedyclub总理喜剧俱乐部；apackedprogrammeof…丰富的……节目长难句分析Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(机会)todocreativethings.(Paragraph3)本句是一个复合句，主句是：Thisspecialbuildingisaplace；定语从句①是：inwhichtheatreismade；定语从句②是：andwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(机会)todocreativethings。试题分析试题分析TheatresandEntertainmentStDavid’sHallStDavid’sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff’sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2,000-seatconcerthall,StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment,includingpop,rock,folk,jazz,musicals,dance,worldmusic,filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes,CardiffCF101AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukTheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay,CardiffBay,CardiffCF105BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffShermanCymruShermanCymru’stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(机会)todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre,dance,familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad,CardiffCF244YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicals,danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace,CardiffCF103LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk1.WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?A.AttheNewTheatre.B.AttheGleeClub.C.AtShermanCymru.D.AtStDavid’sHall.2.WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?A.Watchmusicals.B.Enjoycomedies.C.Seefamilyshows.D.Docreativethings.3.WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff’soldestsurvivingtheatre?A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukB.www.shermancymru.co.ukC.www.glee.co.uk/cardiffD.www.stdavidshalleardiff.co.uk【答案】1.D2.B3.A【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“StDavid’sHall”部分中的“StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff(StDavid’sHall是Cardiff一年一度的WelshProms的举办地)”可知，Cardiff的WelshProms活动在StDavid’sHall举办。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“TheGleeClub”部分中的“Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere(如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始)”可知，人们可以在TheGleeClub享受喜剧。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“NewTheatre”部分中的“TheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicians,danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years(100多年来，NewTheatre一直是优质戏剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地)”以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选A。阅读理解阅读理解B篇解读语篇解读语篇体裁说明文主题语境人与自然——自然生态——生物与人的智力对比关键词Goffin’scockatoos,shape-recognitionabilities,human主旨概要文章主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉与人类二岁幼儿在识别形状能力的对比。百科知识Goffin’scockatoos：戈芬凤头鹦鹉，也被称为塔宁巴凤头鹦鹉，是所有白色凤头鹦鹉中最小的。它们的头到尾长约12英寸。这些Goffin凤头鹦鹉也是白色的，眼睛和喙周围有鲑鱼色的羽毛。原文出处原文来自BBCEarth发表于2018年的一篇杂志文章。原文链接：/stories/Education/BBC-EarthCockatoos-Are-Skilful-Shape-Stories语言知识重难点词trial-and-errorn.反复试验；keyholen.钥匙孔；insertv.插入重难点词块Nativeto原产于某地；shape-recognitionabilities形状识别能力；differentlyshapedkeys形状各异的钥匙；letout放掉；choosefrom从中选择；similarto与……相似；relyentirelyon完全依赖；inmostcases大部分情况下；workout找……的答案；visualclues视觉线索；useasenseoftouch使用触觉长难句分析①Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.这是一个并列句，由but并列前后两句，前句是一个主谓宾的简单句：Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage；后句是由before引导的主从复合句：主句部分是：itwillbeanotheryear；从句部分是：theyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes。②Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.这个一个由后置定语修饰的系表结构。系表结构是：Thisabilityiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”；后置定语部分是：torecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfit；当中嵌套了一个that引导的宾语从句：thatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfit。试题分析试题分析Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.4.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround. D.Byremovingthelid.5.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole. D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.6.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys. D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Inserting,thecorrect“keys”wouldletoutthenut.(研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage(在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.(根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.(科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters(凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。阅读理解阅读理解C篇解读语篇解读语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我——生活——旅行关键词GinniBazlinton,Antarctica,travel,dream主旨概要本文介绍了GinniBazlinton的一次终生难忘的南极之旅百科知识①Gentoopenguins：白眉企鹅是企鹅中最胆小的物种。白眉企鹅是机会主义的食肉动物，在福克兰群岛周围，人们知道它们吃的鱼、甲壳类动物和鱿鱼的比例大致相等。白眉企鹅主要以磷虾等甲壳类动物为食，鱼类仅占其饮食的15%左右。②TierradelFuego：火地岛是位于南美洲大陆南端的一个群岛。它与大陆被狭窄的麦哲伦海峡隔开。③thehumpbackwhale：座头鲸是须鲸的一种。成虫体长14-17米，体重可达40公吨。座头鲸的体型与众不同，胸鳍长，头部多节。雄性会发出一首复杂的歌，通常持续4到33分钟。原文出处原文链接：/magazine/yours-october-25-2016-digital语言知识重难点词kick-startv.最后一分钟才完成的；紧要关头的重难点词块flythenest独立生活；taketheplunge决定冒险尝试；leaveanimpressiveonsb.给某人留下印象；prehistoriccreature史前生物；hithome使人豁然省悟写作句型①Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.（Paragraph1）句意：这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎她，并开始了吉妮永远不会忘记的旅程。②Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.（Paragraph3）句意：当她从舞蹈中退休，她的儿子们最终独立生活的时候，她决定是时候冒险了。试题分析试题分析AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“Ijustdecidedwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.9.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.10.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.11Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【答案】8.A9.C10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的GinniBalinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组taketheplunge与trychallengingthings“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71hashadadeeplovefortravel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的GinniBalinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，Achildhooddream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。阅读理解阅读理解D篇解读语篇解读语篇类型夹叙夹议文主题语境人与社会——社会与文化——社会进步关键词Sydney,Australia,AndrewReynolds,changeandprogress,years主旨概要本文主要介绍了不同的人对悉尼发展过程中不同文化冲突的见解百科知识catamaran：双体船是一种多壳船艇，具有两个同等大小的平行船体。这是一种几何稳定的船舶，其稳定性来自于其宽横梁，而不是像单体船那样来自压载龙骨。双体船通常比同等长度的单体船具有更小的船体体积、更小的排水量和更浅的吃水深度。两个船体组合起来的水动力阻力通常也比可比的单体船体小，需要更少的帆或发动机的推进功率。与单体船相比，双体船在水面上的较宽姿态可以减少横倾和波浪引起的运动，并可以减少尾迹。语言知识重难点词pilotv.驾驶，领航重难点词块oneafteranother一个接一个；backandforth来回地长难句分析ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.这是一个主从复合句。其中主句部分是：ShirleyFitzgeraldtoldmethat；宾语从句部分是：Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings；两个逗号中间是同位语：thecity’sofficialhistorian。试题分析试题分析Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment.D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.14.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.15.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.(20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口)”以及“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.(但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotSydneyferryboatsforaliving.(30岁出头的AndrewReynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’llmisstheseoldboats.(我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.(双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员AndrewReynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.(悉尼的官方历史学家ShirleyFitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，ShirleyFitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.(另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段“Heisright(他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。七选五解读七选五解读语篇解读语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会——社会与文化——礼仪关键词diningetiquette,culture,chopstickRules,HandsorUtensils,MakingRequests主旨概要本文介绍了不同国家的餐桌礼仪语言知识重难点词etiquetten.礼节；utensilsn.餐具重难点词块surprisesb.with…用……让某人吃惊；putsth.down放下某物；beparallelwith与……平行；makerequests提出请求；askfor要求；getcaughtdoingsth.被发现做某事写作句型Themoretimeyouspendinanygivencountry,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.句意：你在任何一个国家待的时间越长，你就越能适应它的外国文化习俗。试题分析试题分析ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(礼节)mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.___16___.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.___17___.HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.___18___,insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests___19___.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.___20___,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.G20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。【16题详解】根据文章标题“ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOut(外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurant(不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“atarestaurant”对应标题中的“WhenDiningOut”，同时引起下文“Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。【17题详解】根据本段小标题“ChopstickRules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Neverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethem(不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“HandsorUtensils(餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“insteadpreferringtousetheirhands(相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensils(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。【19题详解】根据本段小标题“MakingRequests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.(在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“Itmayseemlikesimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。【20题详解】根据下文“themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“Themoretimeyouspendinanygivencountry(你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。完形填空解读完形填空解读语篇解读语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自然——自然生态——人与狗狗关键词dogs,Tilly,Chance,Molly,Flora,cat,Steve主旨概要本文介绍了作者因狗与男士相识、相知和相爱原文出处原文发表于《纽约时报》2020年5月。原文链接：https://www.nytimes,com/2020/05/22/style/modern-love-coronavirus-dog-as-cupid.himl语言知识重难点词reservationsn.保留；producev.拿出重难点词块keep…atbay不让……逼近；fallforsb.爱上某人；bringup提出；muchtoone’sdelight令某人高兴的是重难句型分析WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattackFlora,thecat.（Paragraph2）这是一个主从复合句。其中主句部分是：Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattackFlora,thecat；其中that后是宾语从句，且宾语从句由and并列了两个简单句；从句部分是：WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover。试题分析试题分析Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.Their___21___wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay.Nearly.Lastyear,Istarteddating,butwith___22___.WhenIfirstdatedSteve,I___23___hehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwas___24___thathewasananimallover,I___25___thatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack___26___,thecat.Thenextweekwe___27___ourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour___28___,Stevegotdownononeknee.Washeproposing(求婚)?Ilikedhimtoo,butso___29___?Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs._____30_____,Ibegantofallforhim.We_____31_____todate,thoughneitherofusbroughtupthefuture.AndtheninlateNovember,Tillyhadanoperationonher_____32_____.Itookthedogsoutfourtimesaday,andIworriedthatTilly_____33_____climbingthestairscouldreopenthewound.ThenSteve_____34_____hishouse.Allworked_____35_____.Thethreedogsformedapackthat,withcoaching,_____36_____Flora’sspace;SteveandIformedagoodteam_____37_____forTilly.Wemadegoodhousemates.Ayearlater,muchtomy_____38_____,thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down,nordidI_____39_____himto.That’sonlyforgiving_____40_____tothedogsthatbroughtustogether.21.A.ownershipB.membershipC.companionshipD.leadership22.A.reservationsB.expectationsC.confidenceD.prejudice23.A.fearedB.doubtedC.hopedD.learned24.A.unsatisfiedB.amusedC.terrifiedD.thrilled25.A.predictedB.worriedC.regrettedD.insisted26.A.FloraB.ChanceC.MollyD.Tilly27.A.tiedB.walkedC.bathedD.fed28.A.breathB.balanceC.attentionD.imagination29.A.calmB.sureC.soonD.real30.A.BythewayB.InthatcaseC.ByallmeansD.Inthatmoment31.A.continuedB.decidedC.intendedD.pretended32.A.eyeB.tailC.earD.leg33.A.secretlyB.constantlyC.eventuallyD.unwillingly34.A.leftB.soldC.suggestedD.searched35.A.lateB.hardC.fineD.free36.A.emptiedB.respectedC.occupiedD.discovered37.A.lookingB.caringC.waitingD.calling38.A.delightB.creditC.interestD.disadvantage39.A.begB.trustC.needD.aid40.A.toysB.awardsC.foodD.water【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.B26.A27.B28.A29.C30.D31.A32.D33.B34.A35.C36.B37.B38.A39.C40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A.ownership所有权；B.membership会员；C.companionship陪伴；D.leadership领导。由上文的“Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.(多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A.reservations保留；B.expectations期望；C.confidence信心；D.prejudice偏见。由下文的“Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.(他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“Ibegantofallforhim(我开始爱上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者