2023年高考英语备考优生百日闯关系列专题10阅读理解-议论文类（含解析）

PAGE专题10 阅读理解——议论文类方法与技巧题型介绍：议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。 议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。命题形式：从近几年观的高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有：1.主旨题 考查考生对于议论文根本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。2.推理判断题 这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。3.细节题 细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧第一，抓论点、寻论据 阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：1.Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题〞的过程。2.Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restatingtheidea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点〞的过程。第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是表达阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。解题技巧：解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：作者在开始表达一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因——结果〔Cause&Effect〕型。还有一种比拟常见的是问题——答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题〔相当于一个现象〕，然后给出该问题的答案〔相当于解释〕。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。这里强调一点:答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解的特征等其他角度对选项进行检验;如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，那么从中心和态度方面考虑;次之从解的特征方面考虑。考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案体验高考1.【2022·全国新课标I】BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway,.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson‘sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,〞saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemagazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportant〞〞tobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’rerainingchildren.〞 Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A．Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraph?A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirownB.AsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemC.SacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenD.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter【答案】25-28.ADCA【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述目前社会上很多老年人愿意搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。同时作者也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择，不要仅仅为孩子考虑而牺牲了自己习惯了的生活方式。考点：社会生活类短文阅读【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的开展变化等的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意说明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。28题中那么根据itiswisertosayno推断出作者的立场。2.【2022·北京】DWhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon〞newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces〞withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent’sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.67.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.SympatheticB.DisapprovingC.SupportiveD.Neutral68.Theunderlinedword“passage〞inParagraph2means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension69.Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.todevelopasharedidentityamongstudentsB.todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehaviorC.ToprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudentsD.Tofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment]70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?【答案】67.B68.A69.D70.C68.A猜想词义题。根据“fromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility〞可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。69.D推理判断题。每个人的个性都是不同的，排除A；根据第四段“Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacing...〞可知，作者不赞成大学管理者约束学生的社会行为，排除B；大学不是一个无忧无虑的场所，排除C；大学应该是学习知识和促进学生成长的地方，应选D。70.C篇章结构题。根据第四段“Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.〞中的“equallyimportant〞和第五段的“moreover〞可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，应选C。考点：教育类短文阅读【名师点睛】

I.三类篇章结构题的出题方式1.结构识辨:此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：Howisthetextorganized?Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby________.Thetextismainlydevelopedintheorderof________.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?2.组织结构功能:此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：Theauthorquoted…wordsin...paragraphinordertomakethearticle________.3.结构推测:此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下：Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?学优]Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkhasbeendiscussedinthepartbeforethisselection?II.解题策略考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比拟清晰、标准，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节开展为序〔开端、开展、高潮、结局〕等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序表达，比方，先写结局，再写其他,最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。议论文总体上可以分为四类：第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论〞；第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论〞；第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题〞；第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点〞。3)说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、比照或比拟等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。3.【2022·四川】BIfyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.4.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.5.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday?A.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.6.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A5.C细节理解题。根据第三段Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.每天在我们的工作中，我们会收到一些人的鼓舞，他们在做一些改善世界的事情。应选C。6.B推理判断题。根据第五段中wedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.。我们确实认为当你把你的一些时间和精力奉献给别人时，你就能过上一个更强大的生活。Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.。自愿或者，如果你能的话，给一个事业奉献一点钱。可知第五段的意思是：行动起来帮助别人。应选B。7.A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.它已经改变了我们是谁，在以后的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。应选A。【名师点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文外表文字信息的根底上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文外表文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude

indicate等标志性词语。这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜想想象推断题。比方第7小题A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.它已经改变了我们是谁，在以后的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。应选A。考点：考查日常生活类阅读:4.17.【2022·浙江】A“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?〞LindseywhiperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,toribrags，“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.〞WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedmam,Icantellyouthatwhatthatwhattheyaresayingis(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHigtSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip(闲话)。Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic-breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout-thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleofenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Thtanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor(传言)canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup.〞Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority(优越感).Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo’sanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thingaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory〞mighthave.41.Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto.A.introduceatopicB.presentanargumentC.describethecharactersD.clarifyhiswritingpurpose42.Animportantnegativeeffectsofgossipisthatit.A.breaksuprelationshipsB.embarrassesthelistenerC.spreadsinformationaroundD.causesunpleasantexperiences43.Intheauther’sopinion,manypeopleliketogossipbecauseit.A.givesthemafeelingofpleasureB.helpthemtomakemorefriendsC.makesthembetterattellingstoriesD.enablesthemtomeetimportantpeople44.ProfessorDavidWilsonthinkthatgossipcan.A.providestudentswithwrittenrulesB.helppeoplewatchtheirownbehaviorsC.forceschooltoimpovestudenthandbooksD.attractthepolice’sattentiontogroupbehaviors45.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?A.NeverbecomeagossiperB.StayawayfromgossipersC.Don’tletgossipturnintoliesD.Thinktwicebeforeyougossip.43.A考查细节理解。根据文章第五段的Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus,可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，应选A。44.B考查细节理解。根据文章第六段的ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehavioursinagroup.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，应选B。45.D考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段的Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory〞mighthave.可知，作者的建议是让人们在传言之前三思而后行。应选D。【方法点拨】这是一篇议论文，题目设置以细节理解题为主。学生可以带着题目回到原文，能够在短文中画出解题依据是正确解题的关键，各位考生要谨记，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见依据不做题〞。理由充分，依据凿实，这是不仅“知其然〞，而且“知其所以然〞的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。那么如何能快速准确回到原文找到依据呢?1.关键词定位法。这里说的关键词并不一定是中心词，而是在理解题干所问之后，在题干中能帮助你迅速回到原文的“特征词〞。如43题的信息句是Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus,可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，和选项A里面的afeelingofpleasure对应。还有44题，题干中的ProfessorDavidWilson可以定位到第六段的ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehavioursinagroup.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，所以答案是B。2.自然段定位法。即命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来依次命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的答案信息常常在短文中依次出现，排在后面的小题，文中对应的信息点也在后面。例如，第1题往往位于一、二自然段，第2题会在第1题的答案信息之后且与第一题的位置最接近，第3题会在第2题的答案信息之后，往往在文中较为中间的地方，而第4题那么位于文中较后的位置。最后一题(偶尔可能是第一题)一般是主旨题(包括给文章加标题、归纳写作目的)，这时，可能涉及全文内容。如41题，题目问文章的开头的作用，自然定位到第一段的内容，结合下文可以快速解答。模拟新题精选1.【河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期五调〔12月〕】CThesharingeconomy,representedbycompanieslikeAirbnborUber,isthelatestfashioncraze.Butmanysupportershaveoverlookedtherealitythatthisnewbusinessmodelislargelybasedonescapingregulationsandbreakingthelaw.AirbnbisanInternet-basedservicethatallowspeopletorentoutspareroomstostrangersforshortstays.UberisanInternettaxiservicethatallowsthousandsofpeopletoanswerriderequestswiththeirowncars.Therearehundredsofothersuchservices.

Thegoodthingaboutthesharingeconomyisthatitpromotestheuseofunderusedresources.Millionsofpeoplehavehousesorapartmentswithemptyrooms,andAirbnballowsthemtoprofitfromtheseroomswhileallowingguestsaplacetostayatpricesthatareoftenfarlessthanthosechargedbyhotels.Uberofferspricesthatarecompetitivewithstandardtaxipricesandtheirdriversareoftenmuchquickerandmoretrustworthy.

Butthedownsideofthesharingeconomyhasgottenmuchlessattention.Mostcitiesandstatesbothtaxandregulatehotels,andthetouristswhostayinhotelsareusuallyanimportantsourceoftaxincome.ButmanyofAirbnb’scustomersarenotpayingthetaxesrequiredunderthelaw.

Airbnbcanalsoraiseissuesofsafetyforitscustomersandtroubleforhosts’neighbors.Hotelsareregularlyinspectedtoensurethattheyarenotfiretrapsandthat

theydon’tformotherrisksforvisitors.Airbnbhostsfacenosuchinspections.

SinceAirbnbisallowingpeopletoescapetaxesandregulations,thecompanyissimplypromotingthefts.Othersintheeconomywilllosebybearinganadditionaltaxburdenorbeingforcedtolivenexttoanapartmentunitwithanever-endingseriesofnoisyvisitors.ThesamestorymayapplywithUber.Uberiscurrentlyindisputesoverwhetheritscarsmeetthesafetyandinsurancerequirementsimposedonstandardtaxis.Also,ifUberandrelatedservicesfloodthemarket,theycouldharmalltaxidrivers’abilitytoearnaminimumwage.Thisdownsideofthesharingneedstobetakenseriously,butthatdoesn’tmeanthecurrenttaxandregulatorystructureisperfect.28.Whatisthepositivethingaboutthesharingeconomy?

A.Itisaglobaltrend.

B.Itisbeyondregulations.

C.Itdrawsonspareresources.

D.Itbringsinmodestprofits.

29.WhatistheproblemwithAirbnbcustomersaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyarenotregularlyinspected.

B.Theyarelikelytocommitthefts.C.Theyareallowednottopaytaxes.D.Theycanbenoisytohosts’neighbours.

30.WhatistheargumentoverUberaccordingtothepassage？

A.Whetheritguaranteescustomers’safety.

B.Whetheritprovidesreliableservices.

C.Whetheritlowerscustomers’expenses.

D.Whetheritcancompetewithstandardtaxis.31.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Existingregulationsandlaws.B.Necessaryimprovementsofcurrentlaws.C.FurtherdevelopmentofAirbnbandUber.

D.MoredownsidesofAirbnbandUber.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B30.A细节理解题。根据Uberiscurrentlyindisputesoverwhetheritscarsmeetthesafetyandinsurancerequirementsimposedonstandardtaxis.可知对于优步的争议在于它的平安性，应选A。31.B下文推测题。根据Thisdownsideofthesharingneedstobetakenseriously,butthatdoesn’tmeanthecurrenttaxandregulatorystructureisperfect.可知文章最后在谈论共享经济的缺陷在于当前法律法规的不完善，故下文会接着谈这个问题，应选B。【名师点睛】作者态度及写作意图推断每一篇文章都会包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来表达。此类题可细分为作者态度题(说明作者的好恶)和作者观点题(说明作者对某事物的看法)。准确把握作者的情感和态度，需要注意以下几点：1.作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。2.漠不关心类词语往往不对,既然写文章就不会不关心。]3.不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。4.当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断。]5.作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联。6.绝对化或语气过于强烈的选项常常是错误的,如:strong,complete,entire等。2.【湖北省局部重点中学2022届高三新考试大纲适应性考试】DFixedorgrowthmindset—whichdoyouhave?Weliveinanuncertainworldwithallthetechnologicaladvancesweareexperiencing，whichmeanseisarequirementforachangeinmidset(思维模式〕.Inordertobeontopofourgamebothpersonallyandorganizationally,weneedtodevelopagrowthmindset.Afixedmindsetsupposesthatyouhavenativeabilitiesandarenaturallycleverorskilledincertainareasoflife.Whenyoureceiveinfonnationabouthowyouhaveperformedinatestorsetoftaskstyoumayworryabouthowyouarejudged.Ourparentsprobablysaidtouswhenwewereyoung,"Sinceyouscoredreallywellinthetest,youmustbeclever."However,bybeingrepeatedlytold“Youarcclever〞or“Youarereallyga*alalyourjob〞，aperson’sself-respectisactuallydainagcd.Thegrowlh-mindestpersonaviewlifeasaseriesofexcitingchallengesandwanttoconstantlylearn.Brainactivityoccursinthismindsetwhentheyreceiveinformationaboutwhattheycoulddobelterorimprove.Theydonotviewtheirabilitiesasfixedorusfailure.Learningiskingandthemoretheypractice,themoretheyknowtheywillsucceed.Whatisimportantisgivingpraisearoundprocessandnotaroundability.Forexample,insteadofsaying"Sinceyougotagreatscore,youmustbeclever"fsay"Yougotagreatscore,andyoumusthavetriedreallyhard".Thiscreateschallengeinindivicluatsand.Com]]Themeaningofmindsetsismassiveforbusiness.Fixed-mindsetmanagersarenotfansofgivingfeedback(反应〕.Theydonotwanttostretchthemselvesorothersbecausetheyfearfailure.Thereforetheirbusinessmaystandstillbecausethereisnoriskorinnovation(创新〕occurring.Listenfromyourownfixedmindset一forexample,"Ican'tdothat〞一andanswerwithagrowth-mindsetresponse一“Ican'tdothatyet!"Rememberthereisnosuchthingasfailureandthereissonlylearning.Ifyoudon'tfailoccasionally，youwillneverlearntochangeandgrow.32.Whatistheauthor'sopinionofpeople'smindsets?A.Agrowthmindstetmeansnofailure.B.Peopleneeddevelopafixedmindset.C.Afixedmindsetfocusesmoreonprocess.D.Peopleshoulddevelopagrowthmindest.33.Whichjudgmentseemsmoreencouraging?A. Youareclever. B. Youareskillful.C. Youhaveworkedhard. D. Youarcgreatatyourjob.]34.Whatdothegrowth-mindsetpersonsmostadvocate?A. Keepingonlearning. B. Viewingabilityas failure.C. Givingpraisearoundability. D. Learningfromthe fixedmindset.35.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.AlwaysstayinihesamemindsetB.Thinkandactindifferentmindsets.C.Wecan'tmissthechanceoffailure.D.Learningisthekeytosuccessfromfailure.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【学法指导】细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、比照，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了珍贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because,since,as等；表转折关系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。32.D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Inordertobeontopofourgamebothpersonallyandorganizationally,weneedtodevelopagrowthmindset.人们应该培养生长的心态。应选D。考点：考查议论文阅读3.【河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期七调】AGlobalPositioningSystemsarenowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Thesesatellite-basedsystemsprovideturn-by-turndirectionstohelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.But,theycanalsocausealotofproblems,sendyoutothewrongplaceorleaveyoucompletelylost.Manytimes,thedriveristoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften,saysBarryBrown,anexpertinhuman-computerinteraction,itisacombinationofthetwo.WespoketoMrBrownbySkype(网络软件).HetoldusaboutanincidentinvolvingafriendwhohadflowntoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPS-equippedcartouseduringhisstay.BarryBrown:“Andtheyjustpluggedinanaddressandthensetofftotheirdestination.And,thenitwasn'tuntiltheyweredrivingforthirtyminutesthattheyrealizedtheyactuallyputinadestinationbackontheWestCoastwheretheylived.TheyactuallyputtheirhomeaddressiaSoagain,theGPSiskindof'garbageingarbageout'〞.MrBrownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.But,hesays,whatmakestheproblemworsehastodowithsomeoftheshortcomings,orfailures,ofGPSequipment.BarryBrown:“OneproblemwithalotoftheGPSunitsistheyhaveaverysmallscreenandtheyjusttellyouthenextturn.Becausetheyjustgiveyouthenextturn,sometimesthatmeansthatitisnotreallygivingyoutheoverviewthatyouwouldneedtoknowthatit'sgoingtothewrongplace.〞BarryBrownonceworkedonaprojectwithEricLaurierfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh.ThetwomenstudiedtheeffectsofGPSdevicesondrivingbyplacingcamerasinpeople'scars.Theywroteapaperbasedontheirresearch.Itiscalled“TheNormal,NaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS〞.ItlistsseveralareaswhereGPSsystemscancauseconfusionfordrivers.Theseincludemapsthatareoutdated,incorrectordifficulttounderstand.TheyalsoincludetimingissuesrelatedtowhenGPScommandsaregiven.BarryBrownsaystomakeGPSsystemsbetterweneedabetterunderstandingofhowdrivers,passengersandGPSsystemsworktogether.21.InParagraph2,MrBrownmentionedhisfriendintheconversationto.A.builduphisownreputation B.laughathisstupidfriendC.provetheGPSsystemisonlygarbage D.describeanexampleofhumanerror22.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBarryBrownmostlikelyagreewith?A.GPSunitsaretoblameformostGPSservicefailures.B.Weshouldintroducehigherstandardsforthedrivinglicense.C.CamerasareurgentlyneededtohelpimproveGPSsystems.D.Drivers,GPSsystemsandpassengersshouldunitetoimproveGPSsystems.23.WhatisMrBrown'sattitudetowardsGPS?A.Unconcerned.B.Prejudiced.C.Objective.D.Critical.24.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DrivingwithGPScanbedifficultB.DrivingconfusionscanbecausedbysmallscreensC.DrivingwithoutGPSshouldbemuchmoreconvenientD.GPSequipmentindriving:tobedesertedorimproved?【答案】21.D22.D23.C24.A22.D推理判断题。BarryBrown最可能同意一下哪个观点？根据文章最后一段“TomakeGP