辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2022-2023学年高三质量监测考试英语试题（解析版）

第1页/共1页2023年1月葫芦岛市普通高中学业质量监测考试高三英语考生注意：1.试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括I卷和Ⅱ卷两部分。3.答题前，务必在答题纸上按要求填写信息，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。I卷部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，Ⅱ卷部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。第Ⅰ卷(三部分，共95分)第一部分听力(共两节：满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Seeingaplay.B.Goingonadiet.C.Havingsomeicecream.2.Whatdidtheboyforgetyesterday?A.Hisruler.B.Hisglasses.C.Hisschoolbag.3.Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?A.Gotothepark.B.Takepictures.C.Attendaclass.4.Whatarethespeakersprobablytalkingabout?A.Ahandbag.B.Adress.C.Aphone.5.Howdoesthemanusuallytravel?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bytrain.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whycan’tthespeakersgotothezoo?A.Itisn’topen.B.Theycan’taffordit.C.Ithasmovedaway.7.Whathavethespeakersdecidedtodo?A.Stayathome.B.Gohorse-riding.C.Gotothemovies.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Oldteammates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Formerclassmates.9.Whatisthewomanmoreinterestedinnow?A.Playingtennis.B.Playingthepiano.C.Playingbasketball.听下面一段对话，回答第10至12三个小题。10.Whichsubjectdoestheboyprobablyprefer?A.History.B.Politics.C.Art.11.Whatdothegirl’sparentsexpecthertobe?A.Arestaurantmanager.B.Apolitician.C.Ateacher.12.Whatisthegirlgoodat?A.Dealingwithpeople.B.Workingwithkids.C.Paintingpictures.听下面一段对话，回答第13至16四个小题。13.Whatinformationcanvisitorslearnaboutinthemuseum?A.Differenttrees.B.Wildbirds.C.Theweather.14.Whendidthewomanvisitthemuseum?A.LastThursday.B.LastSaturday.C.LastSunday15.Howlongdidittakethewomantogetbackhomefromthemuseum?A.About15minutes.B.About20minutesC.About30minutes16.Whocangetfreeaccesstothemuseum?A.Oneunder15.B.Oneunder17.C.Oneunderll听下面一段独白，回答第17至20四个小题。17.Whatdidthespeakerdoyesterdaymorning?A.Shewatchedaplay.B.Shevisitedanoldtheater.C.Shewenttoafishingvillage.18.Whatdidthespeakervisitduringtheguidedtour?A.Apalace.B.Theruinsofalibrary.C.Thesea.19.Wheredidthespeakerhavelunchyesterday?A.Besideawaterfall.B.Nexttoalake.C.Inavillage.20.Whatdidthespeakerthinkofhertriptothecarpetfactory?A.Dull.B.Unforgettable.C.Fantastic.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFunSummerBooksforGrades9—12Yes,evensomehigh-schoolsappreciaterecommendationsforvacationbooks.Encourageyourhigh-schoolchildtoreadwiththislistofapproachableteentitles.Orsurpriseyourteenwithoneofthesebookswhenyoureachthebeachandboredomsetsin!►BrownGirlDreaming,byJacquelineWoodsonThiscollectionofsimplepoemsrevealswhatitwasliketogrowupasayoungAfricanAmericangirlinthe1960sand1970s.Woodson’sautobiographicalpoetryoverflowswithloveforherfamily.BrownGirlDreamingwonmultipleawards,soilmaybeassignedclassreadingincomingyears.►TunnelVision,bySusanAdrianJakehasasecretskill.Whenheholdssomethingthatbelongstoanotherperson,hecanlocatethem,wherevertheyare.OncethegovernmentlearnsofJake’spowers,itinsiststhatheusehisskilltofindcriminals.Inthisspynovel,Jakehastodecidejusthowfarhe’swillingtoriskhisownsafetyinordertoprotectandhelpothers.Itisaseriesofmoderngraphicnovelsthathavethelookofclassiccartoons.►TheShadowHero,byGeneLuenYangCanyourmomforceyoutobecomeasuperhero?That’swhatHankChufindsout.AChineseAmericanteenin1940，Hankisreluctanttostanduptothegangs(匪徒)inhisneighborhoodwhothreatenhisfamily’sgrocerystore.ButasthemaskedGreenTurtle,hemayjusthavetheconfidencetoprotecthisfamilyandfightback.►HalfMyFacebookFriendsAreFerrets,byJ.A.BuckleThingsaren’texactlypanningoutfor17-year-oldJosh.Hewantslobeaheavymetalguitarist.Andheandhispalswishtheyhadgirlfriends.Butregularteenageobstacleslikebossyparentsandpoorself-confidencehavebeenholdinghimback.1.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Teachers. B.Parents. C.Teenagers. D.Vacationers.2.Whichbookbestsuitspeoplewhoadorepicturebooks?A.TunnelVision. B.TheShadowHero.C.BrownGirlDreaming. D.HalfMyFacebookFriendsAreFerrets.3.WhatdoBrownGirlDreamingandTheShadowherohaveincommon?A.Botharesetinthe1940s. B.Bothwonseveralawards.C.Bothwillbetaughtatschools. D.Bothreflectcareforthefamily.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章推荐了一些9到12年级的暑期趣味读物。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Encourageyourhigh-schoolchild…(鼓励你上高中的孩子……)”和“Orsurpriseyourteen…(或者给你的孩子惊喜……)”可知，本文目标读者为青少年孩子的家长，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段对TunnelVision描述的最后一句“Itisaseriesofmoderngraphicnovelsthathavethelookofclassiccartoons.(这是一系列具有经典动画片外观的现代漫画小说)”可知，TunnelVision为漫画小说，适合喜欢图画书的人。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段对BrownGirlDreaming的描述“Woodson’sautobiographicalpoetryoverflowswithloveforherfamily.(Woodson的自传体诗歌充满了对家人的爱)”和第四段对TheShadowHero的描述“ButasthemaskedGreenTurtle,hemayjusthavetheconfidencetoprotecthisfamilyandfightback.(但作为蒙面绿海龟，他可能只是有信心保护他的家人和反击)”可知，两者的共同点是反映了对家人的关爱，故选D。BWeboughtaShamrocktrailer(房车)inthefallof2019inanticipation(期待)ofourthree-monthjourneytoBaja,Mexico.Thecamper(露营车)wouldbehomebaseforallthefunandadventureourfamily,myself,myhusbandandourthreeteenagers,wouldhavealltheway.IttookthreedaystodrivefromCalgarytoLasVegasandthetemperaturewentfromnegative30to15°F-amiracle!ButbythetimewemadeittoSanDiego,California,wehadvisitedtwoRVmechanicstofixwaterleakingfromthewatertankandabedheaterblowingup.Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.Eventually,wecrossedtheborderintoMexicoatTijuanaandpushedourwaydowntheshorecoast.Whileweswam,ateMexicanfoodandwatchedsunsets,theShamrockkeptthrowingussurprises.Wealllearnedtosavor(尽情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.DrivingthroughUtah,ourtruckbeganmakingnoises.Thetruck’senginehadcompletelybroken,andweneededanewone.Weholedup(躲)inSt.George,Utah,towaitforrepairs.Oneevening,wewereheatingupdinnerwhentheovenletoutabigWHUMP!Thewholecampershook.Afterafewweeks,weleftourtruckinUtah—theenginerepairwasn’tgoingtoowell—anddrovehometoCalgary.Therecouldnothavebeenfivetravelerssohappytostayintheirhousefortwoweeks.Eventually,wehiredsomeonetodriveourtruckandtheShamrocktoCalgary,buthearrivedwithjustthetruck.Thecamperwascausingproblems,andthekeysgotlost,soitwasleftinIdaho.It’sstillthere;werecentlymarkeditsone-and-a-half-yearanniversaryofstorage.Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.S9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sself-drivingtour?A.Thetourlastedforaboutonemonth.B.TheydroveaShamrockallthewayduringthetour.C.TheirtruckstoppedworkingwhentheyarrivedatSanDiego.D.Theyenjoyedthetourdespitesomeunexpectedproblems.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surprises”meaninparagraph3?A.Breakdowns. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Amazingfunctions. D.Qualityafter-salesservice.6.Whatisthetoneofthearticle?A.Unhappy. B.Serious. C.Amusing. D.Exciting.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Tosuggesttheplacestotravel.B.ToadvertiseherShamerockcamper.C.Torecordthehappymomentsinlife.D.Tocomplainabouthercampers.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和家人驾驶Shamerock露营车去Baja。途中露营车问题百出，但幸运的是他们欣赏到了美妙的景色。作者最终决定卖掉这辆露营车。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“IttookthreedaystodrivefromCalgarytoLasVegasandthetemperaturewentfromnegative30to15F-amiracle!ButbythetimewemadeittoSanDiego,California,wehadvisitedtwoRVmechanicstofixwaterleakingfromthewatertankandabedheaterblowingup.Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.(从卡尔加里开车到拉斯维加斯花了三天时间，气温从零下30华氏度上升到15华氏度——真是奇迹!但当我们到达加州圣地亚哥时，我们已经拜访了两名房车修理工，修理水箱漏水和床加热器爆炸的问题。值得庆幸的是，在等待维修的时候，我们可以听到海浪拍击海岸的声音)”和第三段的“Whileweswam,ateMexicanfoodandwatchedsunsets,theShamrockkeptthrowingussurprises.Wealllearnedtosavor(尽情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.(当我们游泳、吃墨西哥菜、看日落时，Shamrock不断给我们带来惊喜。我们都学会了在处理不好的事情时享受美好的时刻)”可知，虽然遭遇了意料之外的问题，但他们都很享受那次旅行。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.(值得庆幸的是，在等待维修的时候，我们可以听到海浪拍击海岸的声音)”，和第三段的“Wealllearnedtosavor(尽情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.(我们都学会了在处理不好的事情时享受美好的时刻)”可知，surprise是反语，事实上是指旅途中车出的问题。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It’sstillthere;werecentlymarkeditsone-and-a-half-yearanniversaryofstorage.(它还在那里;我们最近纪念了它储存一年半的纪念日)”和最后一段“Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.S9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.(这让我想到了这篇文章的要点：出售：一辆30英尺长的活泼的Shamrock营车。让你保持警觉!睡五个人。S9,000。接车地点在爱达荷州。带些工具进去)”中的anniversaryofstorage，lively，keepsyouonyourtoes，somewhereinIdaho等词推知，作者写本文的口吻是有趣的、逗人开心的。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.S9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.(这让我想到了这篇文章的要点：出售：一辆30英尺长的活泼的Shamrock营车。让你保持警觉!睡五个人。S9,000。接车地点在爱达荷州。带些工具进去)”可知，作者写本文的目的是为自己的Shamerock打广告，希望把它卖掉。故选B。CHaveyoueverthrownacamel?Camelsarelargeandheavyanimals,soitwouldbehardtodoso.ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,“tothrowacamel”isawayofsaying“tomakeaspellingmistake”.Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrenchterm.Butrecently,theFrenchMinistryofCultureworkedonanewkindofdictionarythatacceptstheideathatmanypeopleinothercountriesandregionsspeakthelanguage.ThelanguagehaschangedastimegoesbyandisdifferentinplaceslikeIvoryCoastinWestAfricaorQuebecinCanada,comparedtohowitisinParis.ThenewonlineFrenchdictionaryincludesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.Itwasreleased(发布)onMarch18—justintimeforInternationalFrancophonieDayonMarch20.Afteritsrelease,itisupdated(更新)onaregularbasis.Itnowcontainsabout600,000terms.TheFrenchCultureMinistersaysthedictionaryisnotjustforFrance’s67millioncitizens,butforthe300millionFrenchspeakersworldwide.Supporterssaythenewdictionaryismoredemocratic(大众化的)thanearlierFrenchdictionariesthatonlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.OfficialdictionariesproducedbytheFrenchAcademyinPariswerefirstpublishedhundredsofyearsagoandareregularlyupdated.Theonlinedictionary,however,hasanewpartyoucannotfindinabook.IfyouliveinSenegal,forexample,youcansearchthedictionary,anditwillgiveyouthemeaningofawordbasedonitsuseinthatcountry.“TheFrenchnolongerhaveamonopoly(独占)onFrench,”aFrenchmagazinethatsupportsthedictionarywroterecently.“Andthatisgoodnews”.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthephrase“tothrowacamel”?A.Ittellsuscamelsaretoolargetobethrown.B.ItcanbefoundinanancientFrenchdictionary.C.ItisaphrasestillnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernment.D.Itcanbeusedwhenyouseesomeonemakesaspellingmistake.9.HowistheonlineFrenchdictionarydifferentfromotherdictionaries?A.Itneedsupdatingregularly. B.Itismainlyfornon-Frenchspeakers.C.IttakesinworldwideFrenchusages. D.ItincludesfewofficialFrenchterms.10.Whatdothesupportersthinkofthedictionary?A.IthelpsspreadstandardFrench. B.It’llattractmorepeopletolearnFrench.C.It’llbenefitFrench’sdevelopment. D.Itbrings300millionFrenchspeakers.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Culture. B.Opinion. C.Technology. D.Lifestyle.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新在线词典，这个词典叫做讲法语者词典，收录了来自世界各地的新法语单词。文章还介绍了这一词典的特点以及想法的起源。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,“tothrowacamel”isawayofsaying“tomakeaspellingmistake”.(但在讲法语的刚果民主共和国，“扔骆驼”是“犯拼写错误”的一种说法)”可知，如果在刚果民主共和国用法语对别人说“扔骆驼”，意思就是这个人犯了拼写错误。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话“Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrenchterm.(在过去，这样的短语不被法国政府接受为官方法语术语)”以及第二段的第一句话“ThenewonlineFrenchdictionaryincludesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.(新的在线法语词典收录了来自世界各地的法语新词)”可知，该法语在线词典的特殊之处在于它收录了世界各地的法语用法。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Supporterssaythenewdictionaryismoredemocratic(大众化的)thanearlierFrenchdictionariesthatonlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.(支持者表示，新词典比早期的法语词典更民主，早期的法语字典只显示了受过高等教育的法国人的说话方式)”以及最后一段““TheFrenchnolongerhaveamonopoly(独占)onFrench,”aFrenchmagazinethatsupportsthedictionarywroterecently.“Andthatisgoodnews”.(“法国人不再垄断法语，”一家支持该词典的法国杂志最近写道。“这是个好消息”)”可知，在支持者们看来，这一词典更加大众化，法语不再是法国人的“专享物”了。由此可推断，它更有利于法语的发展。故选C。【11题详解】文章出处题。文章主要介绍了一个新的在线词典，这个词典叫做讲法语者词典，收录了来自世界各地的新法语单词。文章还介绍了这一词典的特点以及想法的起源。由此可知，本文可能出自报纸的文化板块。故选A。DHaveyoueverwonderedwhathappenstoalloftheoldobjectslaunchedintospace,suchasrocketsandsatellites?It’scalledspacejunk,andmuchofitisstillouttherenow.AccordingtoNASA,thedefinitionofspacejunkis“anyman-madeobjectinorbit(轨道)aroundEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction”.Onelargepieceofspacejunk,adisusedrocket,hitthedarksideofthemoononMarch4.Therocket’soriginisnotclear,butscientistsknowthatitwasmassive–weighingabout3tons.Itmusthaveleftalargecrater(坑),estimated10to20meterswide,onthemoon’ssurface.Itwon’tbevisiblerightaway,butscientistsaretryingtolocateit.“Wewillfindthecrater,eventually,”MarkRobinson,leadinvestigatorforNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera,toldUSATODAY.“Dependingonitslocation,itcouldtakeaslongas28days.”What’ssignificantaboutthisspacejunkcrashisthatitdrawsattentiontosomeofthepotentialdangersofspacejunk.First,theaccumulationofspacejunkinEarth’sorbitmeansthatsatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)areatrisk.In2016,tinyspacedebris(残骸),smallerthanamillimeter,causedatinychipintheISS’window.Imaginethedamagethatalargerpieceofdebriscouldcause.TheEuropeanSpaceAgencywebsitestatesthatobjects“upto1cminsizecoulddisableaninstrumentoracriticalflightsystemonasatellite”whileobjectsover10cm“couldshatterasatelliteorspacecraftintopieces”.Ifthissoundsterrifying,that’sbecauseitis.Anycollisionwithlargerpiecesofdebriscouldbeespeciallydangerousformannedspacecraft.Inadditiontopotentialdamagetospacecraftandsatellites,spacejunkalsoposesathreattotheEarthitself.Crashescansenddebrisintotheatmospherewhereitcanremainformanydecades.Somepowerfulcollisionscanevensendlargedebrishurtling(猛冲)towardEarth’ssurfacewhereitcanaffectthelocalenvironment.Leftoverrocketdebriscancontaintoxicmaterialsthatareharmfultoplantandanimallife.SomepeopleinSiberiahaveevenreportedserioushealthproblemsafterrocketdebrislandedintheirregionsin2012,alocaldoctortoldtheBBC.12.Whichofthefollowingcanberegardedasspacejunk?A.Anabandonedspacestation.B.Aspacecraftorbitingthemoon.C.Acrateronthemoon’ssurface.D.AsatelliteworkinginlowEarthorbit.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph2?A.Trackingtherocket. B.Locatingthecrater.C.Cleaningupthespacejunk. D.Findingouttherocket’sorigin.14.Whydoestheauthormentionthedamagecausedbytinyspacedebrisin2016?A.Tocomparetheeffectsofdebrisofdifferentsizes.B.Toprovethespacedebrisproblemisgettingworse.C.Toillustratethepotentialdangersofspacejunk.D.Toexplainthenecessityofremovingspacejunk.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutspacejunkfromthelastparagraph?A.It’slikelytocauseaglobalenvironmentalcrisis.B.Itcanposealastingthreatifitremainsintheatmosphere.C.It’simpossibletostopitfromenteringtheatmosphere.D.Thetoxicmaterialscontainedinspacejunkarethebiggestthreatitposes.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了太空垃圾对于太空，地球，以及人类会造成的潜在的威胁以及伤害。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“AccordingtoNASA,thedefinitionofspacejunkis“anyman-madeobjectinorbit(轨道)aroundEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction”.(根据美国宇航局的定义，太空垃圾是“任何在地球周围轨道(轨道)上不再具有有用功能的人造物体”)”可知，废弃的空间站属于不再具有有用功能的人造物体，因此是太空垃圾。故选A项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段第四句““Wewillfindthecrater,eventually,”MarkRobinson,leadinvestigatorforNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera,toldUSATODAY.“Dependingonitslocation,itcouldtakeaslongas28days.”(“我们最终会找到陨石坑的，”美国宇航局月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机的首席研究员马克·罗宾逊告诉《今日美国》。“根据它的位置，可能需要长达28天。”)”可知，这里说的it指代上文提到的陨石坑的位置。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“What’ssignificantaboutthisspacejunkcrashisthatitdrawsattentiontosomeofthepotentialdangersofspacejunk.(这次太空垃圾撞击事件的意义在于，它引起了人们对太空垃圾潜在危险的关注)”可知，作者再次在后面列举2016年的微小的太空碎片造成的破坏的事件是为了阐述太空垃圾可能造成的潜在危险。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inadditiontopotentialdamagetospacecraftandsatellites,spacejunkalsoposesathreattotheEarthitself.Crashescansenddebrisintotheatmospherewhereitcanremainformanydecades.Somepowerfulcollisionscanevensendlargedebrishurtling(猛冲)towardEarth’ssurfacewhereitcanaffectthelocalenvironment.(除了对航天器和卫星的潜在损害外，太空垃圾也对地球本身构成威胁。撞击会将碎片送入大气层，并在那里停留数十年。一些强大的碰撞甚至可以将大型碎片冲向地球表面，从而影响当地环境)”可知，太空垃圾留在大气层中会造成持续的威胁。故选B项。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Empathy,theabilitytounderstandandco-experiencethefeelingsandthoughtsofotherpeople,isprobablyoneofthemostimportantskillsapersoncanhave.____16____•Humansaresocialanimals.Thereareveryfewactivitiesthathumanstakepartinthatdon’tinvolveothers.____17____Itallowsyoutoperceiveothers’motives,treatthemthewaytheywanttobetreated,understandhowothersperceiveyou,andsoon.•Itletsyoubetterunderstandnon-verbalcomponentsofcommunication.____18____Peoplewhoarenotempathetichaveahardtimereadingbetweenthelinesofconversations.Theycannotunderstandthatwhattheotherpersonmeanstocommunicateisdifferentfromwhattheyactuallysay.•____19____Whenyouunconsciouslyperceivewhattheotherpartywantsandneedsandcanunderstandexactlywhytheywantit,reachinga“win-win”solutiongetseasier.Youdon’thavetoblindlysearchforawayout.•ItbroadensyourhorizonsSeeingtheworldfromotherpeople’sperspectivesletsyouperceiveittoafullerextent.Whenyouareabletolookatlifefromotherpeople’spointofview,youareabletoliveamorefulfilledlife.____20____Thus,achievinghigherlevelsofempathyoftenmeansachievinggreaterfulfilmentashumanbeings.A.Itmakesyoubetterathandlingconflicts.B.Ithelpsyouintroduceyourideastoothers.C.Empathybasicallyiswhatmakesushuman.D.Humansalwaysliveandworkwitheachother.E.Sowhyexactlyisempathysoimportantforus?F.Communicationissomuchmorethanwhatwordsexpress.G.Therefore,theabilitytobetterunderstandothersandreadtheirfeelingsisanadvantage.【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.A20.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。同理心，即理解并共同体验他人的情感和想法的能力，可能是一个人能拥有的最重要的技能之一。文章主要说明了同理心对我们重要的四点原因。【16题详解】根据上文“Empathy,theabilitytounderstandandco-experiencethefeelingsandthoughtsofotherpeople,isprobablyoneofthemostimportantskillsapersoncanhave.(同理心，即理解并共同体验他人的情感和想法的能力，可能是一个人能拥有的最重要的技能之一)”可知，上文解释了同理心的概念，指出这是最重要的技能之一，结合后文说明了同理心为什么重要，故E选项“那么同理心到底为什么对我们如此重要呢？”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Thereareveryfewactivitiesthathumanstakepartinthatdon’tinvolveothers.(很少有人类参与的活动是不涉及他人的)”以及后文“Itallowsyoutoperceiveothers’motives,treatthemthewaytheywanttobetreated,understandhowothersperceiveyou,andsoon.(它能让你感知他人的动机，以他们希望被对待的方式对待他们，理解别人如何看待你，等等)”可知，上文提到很少有人类参与的活动是不涉及他人，后文则在说明同理心的优势，可知本句与上文构成因果关系，指出能够更好地理解别人和读懂他们的感受是一种优势，故G选项“因此，能够更好地理解别人和读懂他们的感受是一种优势”符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】根据标题“•Itletsyoubetterunderstandnon-verbalcomponentsofcommunication.(·它能让你更好地理解交流中的非语言成分)”以及后文“Peoplewhoarenotempathetichaveahardtimereadingbetweenthelinesofconversations.Theycannotunderstandthatwhattheotherpersonmeanstocommunicateisdifferentfromwhattheyactuallysay.(没有同理心的人很难从对话的字里行间读懂意思。他们无法理解对方想表达的意思和他们实际说的不一样)”可知，后文提到没有同理心的人无法读懂人们真正想要表达的意思，可见本段主要是在说明沟通不仅仅是语言表达的东西，F选项中Communication对应标题中communication。故F选项“沟通不仅仅是语言表达的东西”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据本段内容“Whenyouunconsciouslyperceivewhattheotherpartywantsandneedsandcanunderstandexactlywhytheywantit,reachinga“win-win”solutiongetseasier.Youdon’thavetoblindlysearchforawayout.(当你不自觉地感知到对方想要什么和需要什么，并能确切地理解他们为什么想要，达成一个“双赢”的解决方案会变得更容易。你不必盲目地寻找出路)”可知，本段的中心内容是同理心可以帮助达成“双赢”，即更好地处理冲突，故A选项“它会让你更好地处理冲突”符合小标题，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Thus,achievinghigherlevelsofempathyoftenmeansachievinggreaterfulfilmentashumanbeings.(因此，获得更高水平的同理心通常意味着作为人类获得更大的成就)”可知，后文提到了“获得更高水平的同理心通常意味着作为人类获得更大的成就”，可见本句是在强调同理心对于人类的重要作用，C选项中human对应后文中humanbeings。故C选项“同理心使我们成为人类”符合语境，故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Yearsago,aneighbourkidkickedafootballandbrokeasmall___21___ofourhouse.Wewereafamilylivingonasmall___22___atthetime,soIboardeditup,thinkingI’dgettoitsomeday.Overtheyears,I’dsometimesasksomeadvicefromwindowcompanies.Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindowsforthewholehouse,an___23___process—$15,000.Itwassimplyoutof___24___andIturneditdownagain.___25___thethoughtofthatwindowateatmeforyears.EverytimeIwentdownthere,itkept___26___me.IknewIneededtodealwithit,butIhadbuiltupthe___27___somuchinmymindthatIputitoffagainandagain.Thenmywifehadajob___28___,andweneededtomove.A___29___buyercouldn’tgetaloanonthehouseiftherewasa___30___window.SoIpulledofftheboardstofacethisthing.Ithadalreadybeenforatleast5years.Iusedsomerustremover(除锈剂),sprayedallaroundtherustedframe,andgaveita___31___pull.Tomy___32___,iteasilymoved.Ipulledthewindowoutandtookitdowntown.Itwasa12fix.Icouldhavefixedtheproblemfor12the___33___daywhenithappened.ButIletitworrymeforyears.___34___,thisisn’tjustaboutmywindow.Manyofustendtolivewithbrokenwindowsofonetypeoranotherforyears.Wesuffermorein___35___thaninreality.Stepforward,andyou’llfindasolution.21.A.roof B.window C.door D.curtain22.A.salary B.fame C.passion D.chance23.A.accessible B.official C.expensive D.energetic24.A.order B.balance C.breath D.reach25.A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Instead26.A.replying B.troubling C.driving D.reporting27.A.difficulty B.confidence C.joy D.harm28.A.change B.interest C.habit D.journey29.A.polite B.weak C.weird D.potential30.A.defeated B.fitted C.broken D.cured31.A.lazy B.strong C.familiar D.strange32.A.disappointment B.embarrassment C.astonishment D.encouragement33.A.same B.different C.early D.new34.A.Frequently B.Actually C.Consequently D.Unexpectedly35.A.experiment B.discussion C.reaction D.imagination【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.B27.A28.A29.D30.C31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者家的窗户被打破后，他没有及时修理，被这个问题困扰了多年。多年后却发现原来只需要12美元就可以解决这个问题，借此告诉人们遭遇困难和麻烦时，与其被想象中的困难打倒，不妨试试实践起来，或许就能得到一个解决办法。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年前，一个邻居家的小孩踢球打坏了我家的一扇小窗户。A.roof房顶；B.window窗户；C.door门；D.curtain窗帘。根据后文中的“Overtheyears,I’dsometimesasksomeadvicefromwindowcompanies.”可知，此处被打破的是“窗户”。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们全家都依靠一份微薄的工资生活。A.salary薪资；B.fame名誉；C.passion热情；D.chance机会。根据该句以及后文“SoIpulledofftheboards.”可知作者家当时依靠一份微薄的“工资”生活，窗户被打破后，作者只好先用木板将其封住。故选A项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该计划是为整个房子升级为节能窗户，这是一个昂贵的过程，花费15000美元。A.accessible可接近的；B.official官方的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根据“Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindowsforthewholehouse...$15,000.”可知，该公司提供的方案是将全屋的窗户升级为节能窗户，这对于作者来说是“昂贵的”。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这简直是遥不可及，我又拒绝了。A.order顺序；B.balance平衡；C.breath呼吸；D.reach波及范围。根据前文“an3process—$15,000.”可知，作者由于经济原因用木板封住窗户，所以15,000美元的花费对于作者来说“遥不可及”，outofreach表“遥不可及”，符合句意。故选D项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，多年来，一想到那扇窗户，我就心烦意乱。A.Therefore因此；B.Besides而且；C.However然而；D.Instead反而。由后文“ateatmeforyears”可知，作者因为价格拒绝了窗户修理的方案，“然而”却被窗户的问题困扰多年。这两件事存在逻辑上的转折关系。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我去那里，它总是困扰着我。A.replying回应；B.troubling困扰；C.driving驱使；D.reporting报道。根据前文“thethoughtofthatwindowateatmeforyears”可知，窗户问题一直“困扰着”作者。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要解决它，但我已经在脑海中建立了这么多的困难，以至于我一次又一次地拖延。A.difficulty困难；B.confidence自信；C.confusion困惑；D.harm伤害。根据下文“Iputitoffagainandagain”可知，作者在脑海里觉得“困难”重重，因此一直没有修。故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的妻子换了工作，我们需要搬家。A.change改变；B.interest兴趣；C.habit习惯；D.journey旅行。由后文“weneededtomove”可知，作者妻子应是“换了”工作，所以才需要搬家。故选A项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个潜在买家说他不愿意为一个有坏窗户的房屋去申请贷款。A.polite礼貌的；B.weak虚弱的；C.weird奇怪的；D.potential潜在的。由后文“couldn’tgetaloanonthehouse”可知，这买家还需要贷款才买，所以还没有买，是一个“潜在的”买家。故选D项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个潜在买家说他没法为一个有坏窗户的房屋去申请贷款。A.defeated失败的；B.fitted合适的；C.broken破碎的；D.cured治愈的。根据后文“Ipulledofftheboardstofacethisthing”可知，作者家的窗户仍然是“坏着的”。故选C项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我拿起一些除锈剂，涂在窗户己生锈的框架上，用力一拉。A.lazy懒惰的；B.strong强烈的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.strange奇怪的。由后文“Tomy12,iteasilymoved.”可知，作者原本以为很难拉下，所以应是“猛地”一拉。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊奇的是，窗户的框架很容易就被扯掉了。A.disappointment失望；B.embarrassment尴尬；C.astonishment惊讶；D.encouragement鼓励。由前文“a11pull”和后文“iteasilymoved”可知，作者原本以为很难拉下，但却很容易就扯掉了，所以作者很“惊讶”，toone’sastonishment表“使某人惊讶的是”。故选C项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我本可能在事发的当天用12美元解决这个问题。A.same相同的；B.different不同的；C.early早；D.new新。由“couldhavefixed”可知，这里在对过去的假设，说原本“当天”就可以修好，thesameday表“当天”。故选A项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是窗户的问题。A.Frequently频繁地；B.Actually实际上地；C.Consequently因此；D.Unexpectedly出乎预料地。根据下句“Manyofustendtolivewithbrokenwindowsofonetypeoranother.”可知，“实际上”，这不仅仅是一个窗户的问题。故选B项。35