2023年考研外语押题预测卷7

考研外语押题预测卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、Canearthquakebepredicted?Scientistsare(1)_____programstopredictwhereandwhenanearthquakewilloccur.Theyhopeto(2)_____anearlywarningsystemthatcanbeusedto(3)_____earth-quakessothatlivescanbesaved.Thescientistswhoare(4)_____thisworkiscalledseismologists.Thewordseismologistis(5)_____fromtheGreekwordseismos,meaningearthquake.

Earthquakesarethemostdangerousand(6)_____ofallnaturalevents.Theyoccurinmanypartsoftheworld.Giantearthquakeshavebeen(7)_____inIran,China,India,Alaska,andsoon.Twoofthebiggestearthquakesthatwereeverrecorded(8)_____inChinaandAlaska,whichmeasuredabout8.5ontheRichterScale.TheRichterScalewas(9)_____byCharlesRichterin1935,andcomparestheenergy(10)_____ofearthquakes.Anearthquakethatmeasuresa2onthescalecanbefeltbutcauses(11)_____damage.Onethatmeasures4.5onthescalecancauseslightdamage,andanearth-quakethathasareadingofover7cancause(12)_____damage.Itisimportanttonotethatareadingof4indicatesaquaketentimesasstrongasonewithareadingof3.Howdoearthquakesoccur?Earthquakesarecausedbytheshiftingofrocksalongcracks,orfaults,intheearth'scrust.The(13)_____isproducedwhenrocksneareachotherarepulled(14)_____differentdirections.

Earthquake(15)_____isinitsinfancy.Scientistshaveonlya(16)_____understandingofthephysical(17)_____thatcauseearthquakes.Muchmoreresearchhastobedone.Newandmoreup-to-date(18)_____havetobefoundforcollectingearthquakedataandanalyzingit.(19)_____,seismologistshavehadsomesuccessinpredictingearthquakes.Severalsmallearthquakeswerepredicted.Whilethisisasmallstart,itis(20)_____abeginning.

A.workingfor

B.workingon

C.takingon

D.takingfor

2、(2)

A.develop

B.produce

C.learn

D.discover

3、(3)

A.prevent

B.protect

C.forecast

D.influence

4、(4)

A.indulgedin

B.takenin

C.interestedin

D.involvedin

5、(5)

A.got

B.passed

C.obtained

D.derived

6、(6)

A.dead

B.deadly

C.fatal

D.mortal

7、(7)

A.recorded

B.occurred

C.predicted

D.measured

8、(8)

A.tookup

B.tookon

C.tookoff

D.tookplace

9、(9)

A.devised

B.revised

C.advised

D.advertised

10、(10)

A.level

B.grade

C.strength

D.standard

11、(11)

A.few

B.little

C.much

D.no

12、(12)

A.major

B.minor

C.extreme

D.unknown

13、(13)

A.rock

B.earthquake

C.fault

D.crust

14、(14)

A.in

B.on

C.by

D.with

15、(15)

A.reporting

B.measuring

C.recording

D.prediction

16、(16)

A.complete

B.partial

C.deep

D.profound

17、(17)

A.processes

B.procedures

C.proceedings

D.processions

18、(18)

A.modes

B.manners

C.methods

D.routines

19、(19)

A.Furthermore

B.Moreover

C.Therefore

D.However

20、(20)

A.still

B.just

C.also

D.instead

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Iamnotanaccomplishedlawyer.IfindquiteasmuchmaterialforalectureinthosepointswhereinIhavefailed,asinthosewhereIhavebeenmoderatelysuccessful.Theleadingruleforthelawyer,asfortheman,ofeveryothercalling,isdiligence.Leavenothingfortomorrowwhichcanbedonetoday.Neverletyourcorrespondencesfallbehind.Whateverpieceofbusinessyouhaveinhand,beforestopping,doallthelaborrelatedtoitwhichcanthenbedone.Whenyoubringacommonlawsuit,ifyouhavethefactsfordoingso,writethedeclarationatonce.Ifalawpointbeinvolved,examinethebooksandnotetheauthorityyourelyonthedeclarationitself,whereyouaresuretofinditwhenwanted.Inbusinessnotlikelytobelitigated,—ordinarycollectioncases,partitions,andthelike—makeallexaminationsoftitles,notethemandevendraftordersandofficialordersinadvance.Thiscoursehasatripleadvantage:itavoidsomissionsandneglect,savesyourlabor,whenoncedone,performsthelaboroutofcourtwhenyouhaveleisure,ratherthanincourtwhenyouhavenot.Spontaneousspeakingshouldbepracticedandcultivated.Itisthelawyer'savenuetothepublic.Howeverableandfaithfulhemaybeinotherrespects,peopleareslowbringinghimbusiness,ifhecannotmakeaspeech.Andyethereisnotamorefatalerrortoyounglawyers,thanrelyingtoomuchonspeechmaking.Ifanyone,uponhisrarepowersofspeaking,shallclaimexemptionfromtheexhaustingworkofthelaw,hiscaseisafailureinadvance.

Discouragelitigation.Persuadeyourneighborstocompromisewheneveryoucan.Pointouttothemhowthenominalwinnerisoftenarealloser—infees,andexpenses,andwasteoftime.Asapeacemakerthelawyerhasasuperioropportunityofbeingagoodman.Therewillstillbebusinessenough.

Neverstiruplitigation.Aworsemancanscarcelybefoundthanonewhodoesthis.WhocanbemorenearlyafriendthanhewhohabituallyoverhaulstheRegisterofdeedsinsearchofdefectsintitles,whereontostirupstrife,andputmoneyinhispocket?Amoraltoneoughttobeintroducedintotheprofession,whichshoulddrivesuchmenoutofit.

Howdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?

A.Heisgoodatspontaneousspeaking.

B.Heisanexcellentandmorallawyer.

C.Heworksveryhardtowinthesuit.

D.Hehasnotonlyexperiencedsuccessbutalsofailure.

2、

Accordingtothepassage,thelawyershould

A.makethoroughpreparationsinordertogetmorebusiness.

B.practiceanddependonspeechmakingtobecomeanexcellentlawyer.

C.writethedeclarationatoncewhenhehasenoughfacts,dealingwithordinarycases.

D.examinethelawbookanddocumenttheresourceofauthoritywhenconcerningalawpoint.

3、

Bysaying"thenominalwinnerisoftenarealloser"(Paragraph2),theauthormeans

A.manlosessomepracticalthingsdespitethewiningofasuit.

B.manneedstocaremoreabouttheexpenseofasuit.

C.thefameisnotimportantforaperson.

D.itdoesnotmattertoloseasuit.

4、

Themostviciouslawyersarethosewho

A.arecarelessandmakemistakesinthecourt.

B.drawpeopleintoalawsuitinordertoearnmoney.

C.arenotpeacemakerswhendisputesappearamongneighbors.

D.cannothelpwinningthecasewhenpeoplepayalotofmoney.

5、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwantsto

A.criticizetheviciouslawyers.

B.recallhisownlifeasalawyer.

C.giveadvicetoyounglawyers.

D.inform.thereadershow-toselectalawyer.

6、SoBig.Fwasthemorevisibleofthetworecentwavesofinfection,becauseitpropagateditselfbye-mail,meaningthatvictimsnoticedwhatwasgoingon.SoBig.Fwassoeffectivethatitcausedsubstantialdisruptioneventothoseprotectedbyanti-virussoftware.Thatwasbecausesomanycopiesofthevirusspreadthatmanymachineswereoverwhelmedbymessagesfromtheirownanti-virussoftware.Ontopofthat,onecommoncounter-measurebackfired,increasingtrafficstillfurthers.Anti-virussoftwareoftenbouncesawarningbacktothesenderofaninfectede-mail,sayingthatthee-mailinquestioncannotbedeliveredbecauseitcontainsavirus.SoBig.Fwasabletospoofthissystemby"harvesting"e-mailaddressesfromtheharddisksofinfectedcomputers.Someoftheseaddresseswerethensentinfectede-mailsthathadbeendoctoredtolookasthoughtheyhadcomefromotherharvestedaddresses.Thelatterwerethussentwarnings,eventhoughtheirmachinesmaynothavebeeninfected.

KevinHaleyofSymantec,afirmthatmakesanti-virussoftware,thinksthatonereasonSoBig.Fwassomuchmoreeffectivethanothervirusesthatworkthiswayisbecauseitwasbetteratsearchinghard-drivesforaddresses.BrianKing,ofCERT,aninternet-securitycenteratCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPittsburgh,notethat,unlikeitsprecursors,SoBig.Fwascapableof"multi-threading":itcouldsendmultiplee-mailssimultaneously,allowingittodispatchthousandsinminutes.

Blasterworkedbycreatinga"bufferoverrunintheremoteprocedurecall".Inotherword,thatmeansitattackedapieceofsoftwareusedbyMicrosoft'sWindowsoperatingsystemtoallowonecomputertocontrolanother.Itdidsobycausingthatsoftwaretousetoomuchmemory.

Mostwormsworkbyexploitingweaknessesinanoperatingsystem,butwhoeverwroteBlasterhadaparticularlyrefinedsenseofhumor,sincethewebsiteunderattackwastheonefromwhichuserscouldobtainaprogramtofixtheveryweaknessinWindowsthatthewormitselfwasexploiting.

OnewaytodealwithawickedwormlikeBlasteristodesignafairygodmotherwormthatgoesaroundrepairingvulnerablemachinesautomatically.InthecaseofBlastersomeoneseemstohavetriedexactlythatwithaprogramcalledWelchi.However,accordingtoMr.Haley,WelchihascausedalmostasmanyproblemsasBlasteritself,byoverwhelmingnetworkswith"pings"—signalsthatcheckedforthepresenceofothercomputers.

Thoughbothoftheseprogramsfellshortoftheapparentobjectivesoftheirauthors,theystillcauseddamage.Forinstance,theyforcedtheshutdownofanumberofcomputernetworks,includingtheoneusedbytheNewYorkTimesnewsroom,andtheoneorganizingtrainsoperatedbyCSX,afreightcompanyonAmerica'seastcoast.Computerscientistsexpectthatitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeatrulydevastatingvirusisunleashed.

SoBig.Fdamagedcomputerprogramsmainlyby

A.sendingthemanoverpoweringnumberofmessages.

B.harvestingtheaddressesstoredinthecomputers.

C.infectingthecomputerswithaninvisiblevirus.

D.destroyingtheanti-virussoftwareofthecomputers.

7、

Theword"doctored"(Paragraph1)probablymeans

A.curedadisease.

B.diagnosedavirus.

C.becameadoctor.

D.changedtodeceive.

8、

ComparedwithSoBig.F.Blasterwasavirusthatwas______.

A.moredestructive

B.morehumorous

C.lessvulnerable

D.lessnoticeable

9、

WelearnfromthepassagethatWelchiis

A.awickedwormcausingasmanydamagesasBlasterdid.

B.aprogramdesignedbyHaleytodetectwormslikeBlaster.

C.aprogramintendedtofixtheinfectedmachines.

D.awormmeanttodefeattheviruswith"pings".

10、

Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Computerscientistsarequitoptimisticabouttheexistinganti-virusprograms.

B.Computerscientistsarelookingforwardtothecominganti-virusprograms.

C.Computerscientistsconsidertheexistingvirusesnotthereallydestructiveones.

D.Computerscientistsregardthecomingvirusesasthereallydestructiveones.

11、OfallthetruthsthatthisgenerationofAmericansholdself-evident,fewaremoredeeplyembeddedinthenationalpsychethanthemaxim"Itpaystogotocollege."SincetheGIBilltransformedhighereducationintheaftermathofWWII,acollegediploma,onceabirthrightoftheleisuredfew,hasbecomeanattractionfortheupwardlymobile,asintegraltotheAmericandreamasthepursuitofhappinessitself.Thenumberstellthestory:in1950s,43%ofhigh-schoolgraduateswentontopursuesomeform.ofhighereducation;atthesametime,only6%ofAmericanswerecollegegraduates.Butby1998,almost2tooutof3secondary-schoolgraduateswereoptingforhighereducation—and21%ofamuchlargerU.S.populationhadcollegediplomas.AsProf.HerbertLondonofNewYorkUniversitytoldacommencementaudiencelastJune:"thecollegeexperiencehasgonefromaritepassagetoarightofpassage."

However,astheclassof2022issopainfullydiscovering,whileacollegediplomaremainsarequisitecredentialforascendingtheeconomicladder,itnolongerguaranteesthegoodlife.RarelysincetheendoftheGreatDepressionhasthejoboutlookforcollegegraduatesappearedsobleak:ofthe1.1millionstudentswhoreceivedtheirbachelordegreeslastspring,fewerthan20%hadlinedupfull-timeemploymentbycommencement.Indeed,anuncertainjobmarkethasprecipitatedawaveofeconomicfearandtremblingamongtheyoung."Manyofmyclassmatesareabsolutelyterrified,"saysoneofthefortunatefewwhodidmanagetolandapermanentposition."Theywonderifthey'lleverfindajob."

Someofthisrecession-inducedanxietywilldisappearifarecoveryfinallybeginstogeneratejobsatwhateconomistsconsideranormalrate.Butthesadfactisthatfortheforeseeablefuture,collegegraduateswillinconsiderablesurplus,enablingemployerstorequireadegreeevenforjobsforwhichacollegeeducationisreallyunnecessary.AccordingtoKristinaShelleyoftheBureauofLaborStatistics—whobasesherestimateona"moderateprojection"ofcurrenttrends—30per-centofcollegegraduatesenteringthelabort0rcebetweennowandtheyear2022willbeunemployedorwillfindemploymentinjobsforwhichtheywillbeoverqualified,joiningwhateconomistscallthe"educationallyunderutilized."

Indeed,itmaybequiteawhile—ifever—beforethoseworkingtemporarilyascocktailwaitressesortaxidriverswillbeabletopursuetheirprimary,careerpaths.Ofcoursewaitingontablesandbustlingcabfaresarerespectablewaystoearnaliving.ButtheyarenotquitewhatsomanyyoungAmericans—andtheirparents—hadinmindastheendproductoffourexpensiveyearsincollege.

Towhichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragree?

A.Acollegediplomausedtobetheprivilegeoftherich.

B.AcollegediplomahelpsonelorealizehisAmericandream.

C.Collegegraduatescaneasilygetpermanentpositions.

D.Collegegraduatesareoptimisticabouttheircareerinthefuture.

12、

Thefiguresinthefirstparagrapharecitedtoshowthatnow

A.collegegraduatesaresurplus.

B.collegediplomasarenecessarytogoupwardinthesociety.

C.collegediplomasarerequisitecredentialsforgettinggoodjobs.

D.moreandmoreyoungpeopleintheU.S.gotocollege.

13、

Whatdoesthesentence"thecollegeexperiencehasgonefromaritepassagetoarightofpas-sage"(Lastline,Paragraph1)mean?

A.Goingtocollegeisnecessary.

B.Goingtocollegehasbecomeordinary.

C.Goingtocollegeisacivilright.

D.Goingtocollegeisexpensive.

14、

Accordingtothepassage,whatcauseseducationallyunderutilizing?

A.Collegegraduatesaremorethanthesocietyneeds.

B.It'sfashionabletobewaitressesortaxidrivers.

C.Peoplerespectthosewhooncedidphysicalwork.

D.Thepaymenttoblue-collarworkersismuchhigherthanthattowhite-collaremployees.

15、

Theauthortriestoconvinceusthat

A.collegeeducationpavesthewayforfuturesuccess.

B.highereducationfacesanunforeseeablefuture.

C.acollegediplomaisthenecessarycredentialforbetterjobs.

D.thepurelyeconomicreasonforcollegeisnotascompellingasitoncewas.

16、Therecent,apparentlysuccessfulpredictionbymathematicalmodelsofanappearanceofElNino—thewarmoceancurrentthatperiodicallydevelopsalongthePacificcoastofSouthAmerica—hasexcitedresearchers.JacobBlerknesspointedoutover20yearsagohowwindsmightcreateeitherabnormallywarmorabnormallycoldwaterintheeasternequatorialPacific.Nonetheless,untilthedevelopmentofthemodelsnoonecouldexplainwhyconditionsshouldregularlyshiftfromonetotheother,ashappensintheperiodicoscillationsbetweenappearanceofthewarmElNinoandthecoldso-calledanti-ElNino.Theanswer,alleastifthecurrentmodelthatlinksthebehavior.oftheoceantothatoftheatmosphereiscorrect,istobefoundintheocean.

IthaslongbeenknownthatduringanElNino,twoconditionsexist:(1)unusuallywarmwaterextendsalongtheeasternPacific,principallyalongthecoastsofEcuadorandPeru,and(2)windsblowfromthewestintothewarmerairrisingoverthewarmwaterintheeast.Thesewindstendtocreateafeedbackmechanismbydrivingthewarmersurfacewaterintoa"pile"thatblocksthenormalupwellingofdeeper,coldwaterintheeastandfurtherwarmstheeasternwater,thusstrengtheningthewindstillmore.ThecontributionofthemodelistoshowthatthewindsofanElNino,whichraisesealevelintheeast,simultaneouslysendasignaltothewestloweringsealevel.Accordingtothemodel,thatsignalisgeneratedasanegativeRossbywave,awaveofdepressed,ornegative,sealevelthatmoveswestwardparalleltotheequatorat25to85kilometersperday.TakingmonthstotraversethePacific,RossbywavesmarchtothewesternboundaryofthePacificbasin,whichismodeledasasmoothwallbutinrealityconsistsofquiteirregularislandchains,suchasthePhilippinesandIndonesia.

Whenthewavesmeetthewesternboundary,theyarereflected,andthemodelpredictsthatRossbywaveswillbebrokenintonumerouscoastalKelvinwavescarryingthesamenegativesea-levelsignal.Theseeventuallyshoottowardtheequator,andthenheadeastwardalongtheequatorpropelledbytherotationoftheEarthataspeedofabout250kilometersperday.WhenenoughKelvinwavesofsufficientamplitudearrivefromthewesternPacific,theirnegativesea-levelsignalovercomesthefeedbackmechanismtendingtoraisethesealevel,andtheybegintodrivethesystemintotheoppositecoldmode.Thisproducesagradualshiftinwinds,onethatwilleventuallysendpositivesea-levelRossbywaveswestward,wavesthatwilleventuallyreturnascoldcycle-endingpositiveKelvinwavesbeginninganotherwarmingcycle.

OnecharacteristicoftheElNinois

A.coldcoastalwaternearPeru.

B.windsblowingfromthewest.

C.randomoccurrence.

D.worldwideeffects.

17、

WhichofthefollowingwouldmostseriouslyunderminethevalidityofthemodelofElNinomentioned?

A.DuringsomeyearsElNinoextendssignificantlyfartheralongthecoastsofEcuadorandPeruthanduringotheryears.

B.DuringperiodsofunusuallycooltemperaturealongtheeasternPacific,anElNinoismuchcolderthannormal.

C.ThevariationsinthetimeittakesRossbywavestocrossthePacificdependonthepowerofthewindsthatthewavesencounter.

D.ThewesternboundaryofthePacificbasinissoirregularthatithindersmostcoastalKelvinwavesfromheadingeastward.

18、

Accordingtothemodel,whatnormallysignalsthedisappearanceofanElNino?

A.ThearrivalintheeasternPacificofnegativesea-levelKelvinwaves.

B.AnincreaseinthespeedatwhichnegativeRossbywavescrossthePacific.

C.Ashiftinthedirectionofthewindsproducedbythestartofananti-ElNinoelsewhereinthePacific.

D.ThereflectionofKelvinwavesaftertheyreachtheeasternboundaryofthePacific,alongEcuadorandPeru.

19、

Itcanbeconcludedthatduringananti-ElNinothefaster-movingsignalwavesare

A.negativeRossbywavesmovingeastalongtheequator.

B.positiveRossbywavesmovingwestalongtheequator.

C.positiveKelvinwavesmovingeastalongtheequator.

D.positiveKelvinwavesmovingwestalongtheequator.

20、

Thepassagefunctionsasan

A.introductiontoanewexplanationofaphysicalphenomenon.

B.explanationofthedifferencebetweentworelatedphysicalphenomena.

C.illustrationofthelimitationsofapplyingmathematicstocomplicatedphysicalphenomena.

D.indicationofthedirectionthatresearchintoaparticularphysicalphenomenonshouldtake.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

Globalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990s,inthelasttwodecades,theamountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametime,tradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.Sohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohave?

Anyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyear,thevalueoftheircurrenciesplummeted,afterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowth,lowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment.

ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheory,governmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;(41)______.

Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangerates,setupafterWorldWarII,wasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecades,countriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.(42)______.

Otherfactorscontributingtotheriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologies,andbettertransportationsystems,thesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationals—producinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelped—thepriceoftelephonecalls,forinstance,ischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory.

Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.Inthedevelopedworld,andinparticulartheEuropeanUnion,globalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthat,withouttheprotectionoftradebarriers,jobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountries,andwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountries,wagesarestagnant—exceptforaprivilegedfew—andtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld.

(43)______.

Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperform.best.Developingcountries,withtheirhigherpopulationsandlowerwages,willconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustries,suchasrawmaterialsmanufacturing,inmuchthesamewayasWesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution.

(44)______.

Theeffectofthis,saysupporters,willbetoimproveproductivityinallcountries,leadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy.

(45)______.

Buthowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomy?Forthelosers,probablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegration,thereisstillalongwaytogo.

A.Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledge,however,thattherewillbelosers.Atpresent,thosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld.Already,theyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwages,ascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethat,withouttheprote

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(4