八年级上册知识点

八年级英语上册知识点Topic1What’syourfavoritesport?重点词语:1.almost(反义词)never(过去式)won(名词)winner(现在分词)skiing(比较级)morefamous(同义词)reach(过去式))left(最高级)mostpopular(同义词)fit(名词)health(1)词组1.duringthesummerholidays在暑假期间2.between…and…在两者之间3.cheersb.on为某人加油4.preferdoingsth.更喜欢做某事5.quiteabit/alot很多6.plantodosth.计划做某事7.haveaskatingclub举办滑雪俱乐部8.goskating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hikin去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足9.arrivein到达10.playagainst…与……对抗/较量11.forlong很久12.leavefor…动身去…13.thedayaftertomorrow后天14.placesofinterest名15.胜16.playbaseball打棒球17.atleast至少18.begoodat善于做某事19.takepartin参加20.allovertheworld全世界21.begoodfor对……有益22.agoodway一种好方法23.keepfit/healthy保持健康24.relaxoneself放松某人自己重点句型25.What’syourfavoritesport?=Whatsportdoyoulikebest?你最喜爱的运动是什么?26.Whichsportdoyouprefer?=Whichsportdoyoulikebetter?你更喜欢什么运动?Ipreferskating.=Ilikeskatingbetter.我更喜欢滑雪.27.Doyouskatemuch?=Doyouoftenskate?你常滑雪吗?28.Shespendsatleasthalfanhourinthegymeveryday.每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.29.Sheplaysbaseballprettywellandsheisalsogoodatjumping.她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.30.Whatkindofsportsdoyoulike?=Whichsportdoyoulike?你喜欢哪种运动?重点语言点31.seesb.dosth“看见某人做了某事”强调动作的全过程,常与everyday;often等连用.seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做某事”强调动作正在进行.如:Isawyouplaybasketballalmosteverydayduringthesummerholidays.Ioftenseehimdrawpicturesneartheriver.我常看见她在河边画画.Isawhergoacrossthestreet.我看见她过了马路Isawhergoingacrossthestreet.我看见她正在过马路.32.joinsb.表示“加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”join+组织表示“加入某个组织”takepartin表示“参加/出席某个活动”如:Willyoujoinus?Iwilljointheskiingclub.Sheisplanningtotakepartinthehighjump.33.arrivein+大地点arriveat+小地点getto+地点=reach+地点如:MyunclearrivedinBeijingyesterday.IarrivedattheGreatWall.=IgottotheGreatWall.=IreachedtheGreatWall.注意:reachhere/there/home=gethere/there/home=arrivehere/there/home34.leave…离开……leavefor…动身去…/离开到…如:TheyareleavingBeijingtomorrow.明天他们要离开北京.TheyareleavingforJapanthedayaftertomorrow.后天他们要前往日本.35.afew“几个;一些”修饰可数名36.词alittle“一点点”修饰不数名词如:Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.37.howlong表示“多久(时间)”;提问时间段.howoften表示“多常;多久一次”;提问时间的频率.如:TheywillstayinBeijingforaweek.→HowlongwilltheystayinBeijing?Heplaysbasketballtwiceaweek.→Howoftendoesheplaybasketball?goodat(doing)sth.=dowellin(doing)sth.擅长于(做)某事如:Sheisgoodat(playing)baseball.=Shedoeswellin(playing)baseball.sth/sb+adj.使某物(某人)在某种状态keep…sth/sb+adj.保持某物(某人)在某种状态如:Playingsoccercanmakeyourbodystrong.Swimmingcanhelptokeepyourheartandlungshealthy.重点语法一般将来时：（一）begoingto结构:①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用begoingto表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。如：I’mgoingtoplaybasketballwithmyclassmatesthisSunday.我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。Sheisgoingtobuyasweaterforhermother.她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。②表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。如：Lookatthoseclouds.It’sgoingtorain.瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！（二）will+动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow,soon,later,nexttime(week/month/year…)等连用。willnot=won’t;缩略形式为’ll.表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。如：a.----Pleaseputyourthingsaway,Tom.汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。----I’msorry.I’lldoitrightaway.对不起。我马上就去做。b.----Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?您要咖啡还是茶？----Iwillhaveacupoftea,please.我要一杯茶。c.Don’tworry.I’llhelpyou.别担心。我会帮你的。表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。如：I’msureourteamwillwinnexttime.我确信下次我们队会赢。Maybeshewillgotothegym.也许她会去体育馆。表示许诺。如：I’lldobetternexttime.下次我会做得更好的。I’llvisityoutomorrow.明天我会去看你的。句式：肯定句：I/She/He/Theywillgotoplaybaseballsoon.否定句：I/She/He/Theywon’tgotoplaybaseballsoon.一般疑问句：Willyou/she/he/theygotoplaybaseballsoon?回答：Yes,I/she/he/theywill.No,I/she/he/theywon’t.（三）动词plan,come,go,leave,fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.如：I’mcoming.我就来。HeisleavingforShanghai.他将到上海去。WearegoingtoBeijing.我们将去北京。Topic2WouldyoumindsayingsorrytoMichael?一、重点词语:词形转换：(1)adj.+ly→adv.loud→loudlysoft→softlyquiet→quietlyclear→clearlyangry→angrilyeasy→easily(2)过去式：fall→fellbreak→brokelose→lostthrow→threwfeel→felt(3)(同义词)sick(名词)illness(同义词)begin(反义词)near(现在分词)smoking(反义词)careful(比较级)moreimportant(公民)Russian(现在分词)enjoying(名词)invention;inventor(反义词)outdoor(复数)centuries(复数)coaches(名词)feeling(近义词)tired(二)词组:haveasoccergame进行一场足球赛fallill病倒了bealittlefarfrom…离……有点远rightaway=atonce立刻;马上missagoodchance错过一个好机会get/missagoal得到/失去一分shameonsb.为某人感到羞耻doone’sbest尽某人的力saysorrytosb.对某人说抱歉besuretodosth.确定做某事beangrywith…生某人的气withone’shelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的帮助下servefood上菜turnup/down…调高/低（音量）keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事inaminute一分钟后；马上onthephone在电话中takeaseat就坐nevermind不要紧alotoftraveling一系列旅行love/enjoydoingsth.喜爱/欢做某事haveaveryexcitinglife过着非常兴奋的生活aswell也throw…into…把……投进……follow/obeytherules遵守规则overacenturylater一个多世纪后moreandmorepeople越来越多的人feeltired感到疲劳insteadof…替代……asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事makeaplanforsb.为某人订一份计划buildup增进;增强goright正常运转dothehomework做作业二.重点句型Couldyoupleasedomeafavor?=Couldyouhelpme?=Couldyougivemeahand?你能帮我吗？Wouldyoumindteachingme?=Wouldyoupleaseteachme?你教我好吗？Youarealwayssocareless.你总是这样粗心大意.Letmebuyyouanewone.=Letmebuyanewoneforyou.让我为你买一个新的。Heinventedanindoorgameforhisstudentssothattheycouldplayiteveninbadweather.他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。Andyoucanthrowitwithonehandorbothhands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。三.重点语言点1.ill与sick都表示“生病的”,只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.如:Themanisill/sick.那个男人病了.(作表语)Heisasickman.他是个病人.(作定语)2.Wouldyoumind(not)doingsth?表示“(不)做某事介意/好吗?”如:Wouldyoumindcomingandcheckingit?来修理它好吗?Wouldyoumindnotsmokinghere?不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?3.oneof+名词复数表示“其中之一……”,主语是one,表单数.如:Oneofmyteammatesisstrongandtall.其中我的一个队友又高又壮。4.miss“错过,思念,遗失”如:Imissedthelastbusyesterday.昨天我错过最后一班车.Hemissedhismother.他想念他的母亲.MyGod!Imissed(=lost)mykey.天啊!我把钥匙弄丢了.5.besuretodosth.=besurethat+句子“确定做某事”如:Wearesuretowinnexttime.=Wearesurethatwewillwinnexttime.我们确信下次一定会赢。6.besorryfor…“为某事抱歉”besorrytodosth.=besorry(that)+句子“很抱歉做了某事”如:IamverysorryforwhatIsaid.我为我所说的话感到抱歉.I’msorryIlostyourbook.=I’msorrytoloseyourbook.很抱歉弄丢你的书。7．tiredadj.“（感到）疲惫的”,主语是人如:Ifeeltiredtoday.今天我感到累了.tiringadj.“令人疲劳的”,主语是事物如:Thisjobistiring.这份工作令人疲惫.类似的有:excited感到兴奋的exciting令人兴奋的interested感到有趣的interesting有趣的“15岁的”15yearsold“15岁”如:Heisa15-year-oldboy.=Theboyis15yearsold.类似用法:/miles9.instead“替代;相反”,一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.insteadof…“替代……;而不……,相反”如:Iwon’tgotoShanghai.I’llgotoBeijing,instead.我不会去上海而会去北京.=I’llgotoBeijinginsteadofShanghai.Idrankalotofmilkinsteadofwater.我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.10.havefundoingsth.=enjoydoingsth.表示“从做…….中获得乐趣”如:Ihavegreatfunrunning.=Ienjoyrunning.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。四、交际用语(一)请求和回答RequestsResponsesCouldyoupleasedomeafavor?Sure.Whatisit?Willyoujoinus?I’dbegladto.Wouldyoumindteachingme?Notatall.Let’sgoandpractice.（二）道歉和回答ApologiesResponsesI’msorryIdidn’tcallyoulastnight.Nevermind.Iguessyouwerebusylastnight.I’msorryI’mlateforclass.That’sOK.Pleasetakeaseat.I’msorryIlostyourbook.Itdoesn’tmatter.Thatbookisn’timportanttome.I’msorryIbrokeyourpen.Don’tworry.Ihaveanotherpen.Topic3Beijingwillhostthe2022Olympics.一、重点词组:jointheEnglishclub加入英语俱乐部hostthe2022Olympics举办2022年奥运会fillout填出/好goon发生；进行alltheinterestingplaces所有有趣的地方quitealot相当多makefriendswith…与……交朋友beafraid恐怕befree有空seeyouthen再见winthefirstgoldmedal赢得第一枚金牌get28goldmedals获得28枚金牌thewinnerofthefirstgoldmedal第一枚金牌的获胜者everyfouryears每四年;每隔三年themascotfortheBeijingOlympics北京奥运会的吉祥物behavewell举止得体improvetheenvironment改善环境planttreesandgrass种植花草树木asymbolof…一种……的象征standfor代表thefivepartsoftheworld世界的五大部分domorningexercises做早操befondof(doing)sth.喜欢(做)某事二、重点句型youtellmeyourname?你能告诉我你的名字吗?=What’syourname?doyoudo?=What’syourjob?=Whatareyou?你是干什么的?3.Moreandmoreforeignfriendsrideinmytaxi(=takemytaxi)now.现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.Englishwillhelpmealot.说英语将对我有很大帮助.fillitout.请把它填好.willtheweatherbelikethisweekend?=Howwilltheweatherbethisweekend?本周末的天气怎样?7..TherewillbemoreroadsinBeijing.在北京将会有更多的马路.三.重点语言点fillout+名词“填好……”fill+名词/代词+out如:Pleasefilloutthisform.=Pleasefillthisformout.请填好这张表格.Pleasefillit/themout.(当宾语是代词时,只能放中间)请把它(们)填好.beafraid…“恐怕”指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.beafraidof…“害怕(做)……”如:I’mafraidIwon’tbefree.我恐怕没有空.Heisafraidofdogs.他害怕狗.Theyareafraidoflosingthegame.他们害怕输了比赛.maybe“可能是……”may是情态动词+bemaybe“或许;可能”maybe是副词如:Hemaybeateacher.=Maybeheisateacher.他可能是一名老师.Hemayknowhername.=Maybeheknowshername.他可能知道她的名字.between在两者之间among在三者或三者当中如:TheanswerisbetweenAandB.答案在A和B之间.Thewinnerisamongofus.获胜者在我们当中.Therebe句型的一般将来时正:Therewillbeasportsmeetinginourschoolthisweekend.=Thereisgoingtobeasportsmeetinginourschoolthisweekend.误:Therewillhaveasportsmeetinginourschoolthisweekend.=Thereisgoingtohaveasportsmeetinginourschoolthisweekend四、交际用语提建议的句型:Wouldyouliketogohikingwithus?你想和我们一起去远足吗?What/Howaboutgoinghikingwithus?和我们一起去远足怎么样?Whydon’tyougohikingwithus?你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?Whynotgohikingwithus?为什么不和我们为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?呢?Let’sgohiking.让我们一起去远足吧!Wouldyoumindgoinghikingwithus?你介意和我们一起去远足吗?Wouldyoupleasegohikingwithus?和我们一起去远足好吗?Shallwegohiking?我们一起去远足好吗?(shall在疑问句中与I和we连用,表示提出或征求意见.意思为“……好吗?/要不要……?)badluck倒霉liedown躺下hotteawithhoney加蜜的热茶brushone’steeth刷牙haveanaccident出了事故/意外sendsb.to….送某人去……take/havealookat…看一看……not…until…直到……才…..getwell恢复健康plentyof…充足;大量takeoffyourcoat脱掉你的大衣二、重点句型Youshouldseeadentist.你应该看牙医。Youshouldn’tliftheavythings.你不应该提重物。Youlookpale.你看起来气色不好,很苍白.You’dbettergotoseeadoctor.你最好去看医生.You’dbetternotgotoschooltoday.今天你最好不要去上学.Thankyouforyourflowersandfruit.谢谢你送来的鲜花和水果.Icouldn’treadthemuntiltoday.直到今天我才读了他们.三.重点语言点身体某个部位+ache，表身体某处疼痛。如:headache头痛backache背痛stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛medicine“药”为不可数名词pill“药片”为可数名词如:takesomemedicine吃些药takesomecoldpills吃些感冒药with“含有…”without“没有”hotteawithhoney加蜜的茶coffeewithsugarandmilk加糖和牛奶mooncakewitheggs含鸡蛋的月饼Chineseteawithnothing=Chineseteawithoutanything中国清茶Gotoschoolwithout(eating)breakfast.没吃早饭去上学。until“直到……为止”句中动词一般为延续性动词not…until….“直到……才…”句中动词一般为短暂性动词如:Hewillwaitforhisfatheruntilteno’clock.他将等他父亲一直到10点为止.Hewon’tleaveuntilhisfathercomes.直到他父亲来他才离开.both…and….“……和……(两者)都”;当主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:IknowbothJimandTom.吉姆和汤姆俩人我都认识.BothJimandIare16yearsold.我和吉姆都是16岁.plentyof…“充足;大量”既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词,只用于肯定句,相当于alotof…/lotsof…many“许多”,修饰可数名词much“许多”,修饰不可数名词如:Youshoulddrinkplentyof/alotofboiledwater.你应该喝大量的开水.Youshouldn’tdrinksomuchwater.你不应该喝这么多水.Ihavemany/lotsof/alotof/plentyofbooks.我有许多水.四、交际用语(一)询问病情What’swrong/thematter/thetroublewithyou?有什么不舒服?Howareyoufeelingnow?你现在感觉怎么样?Doyouhaveacold?你得了感冒了吗?(二)诉说病情1.Ifeelterrible./Iamfeelingterrible.我感到难受.2.Ihaveaheadache/stomachache/….我头痛/肚子痛…..3.Ican’tsleepwellatnight.我晚上睡不4.好觉.5.Icoughdayandnight.我日日夜夜地咳嗽.6.ButmyleftleghurtswhenImoveit.但是当我移动时,我的左腿疼.(3)表示同(4)情1.I’msorrytohearthat.听到这事我感到难过.2.That’stoobad.那太糟了.3.Badluck.倒霉.(5)表达建议1.You’dbetter(not)dosth最好(不2.)做某事.3.Youshould/shouldn’tdosth你(不4.)应该做某事.5.ShallItakeyoutothehospital?我带你去医院好吗?Topic2Isitgoodforyourhealth?重点词组:looktired看起来很累watchasoccergameonTV在电视上观看一场足球赛stayup熬夜keeplongfingernails留长指甲washhandsbeforemeals饭前洗手playsportsrightaftermeals饭后适当运动takeafreshbreath呼吸新鲜空气benecessaryfor…对于……来说是必不可少的keepyouactive使你保持精力旺盛inthedaytime在白天throwlitterabout乱扔垃圾getenoughsleep得到足够的睡眠exerciseonanemptystomach空腹锻炼=withouteatinganythingneedtodosth需要做某事getinto进入becomesick生病fightgerms抗击病菌keeptheaircleanandfresh保持空气清新eatbadfood吃变质食物sweepthefloors打扫地板asweknow众所周知havetherightkindsoffood吃正确种类的（健康的）食品choosethewrongfood选择错误的（不健康的）食品indifferentways用不同的方法makeussick使我们生病二、重点句型Isee.Stayinguplateisbadforyourhealth.我明白了.熬夜有害你的健康.(动名词短语做主语)2.HowdidWangJungetaheadache?王俊怎样患上头痛的？Isgoingtobedearlygoodorbadforyourhealth?It’sgood.早点睡觉对你的健康有益还是有害?有益.(选择问句要根据事实回答)Walkingisgoodexerciseanditisnecessaryforgoodhealth.散步是很好的锻炼,是身体健康必不可少.Itwillkeepyouactiveinthedaytime.它(早睡早起)将使你在白天保持旺盛的精力.Youmustnotthrowlitterabout.=Don’tthrowlitterabout.不要乱扔垃圾.Wemayhavemorethanoneheadacheeachmonth.每月我们可能会不止一次头疼.Youmaygetaheadachewhenyoucan’tgetenoughsleep.当你睡眠不足时,可能会头疼.Whatdoesitmeanwhenyouhaveaheadache?头痛对你来说意味着什么?Theboybecomessick.那个男孩生病了.Asweknow,foodgivesusenery.众所周知,食物给我们提供能量.Ifweeattoolittleortoomuchfood,orifwechoosethewrongfood,itcanmakeussick.如果我们吃得太少或太多,或者食物的选择不当会生病的.三.重点语言点1.begoodfor…对……有益bebadfor…对……有害如:Swimmingisgoodforhealth.游泳对健康有益.Readinginstrongsunlightisbadfortheeyes.在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.disease通常指具体的病,表“特定的疾病、病名”illness通常指生病的状态或表抽象的疾病如：Germscancausediseases.细菌会引发疾病。SARSisaseriousdisease.非典是一种严重的疾病。Don’tworryabouthisillness.别担心他的病。exercise表“锻炼/运动”时,为不可数名词;表“练习”或有定语修饰时,为可数名词.如:Heoftentakes/doesexerciseinthemorning.他经常上午锻炼.Pleasedotheexercisesatonce.请马上做这些练习.Hedoesmorningexerciseseveryday.他每天做早操.Walkingisgoodexercise.散步是很好的锻炼.enoughadj.“足够的”修饰名词时,既可放在名词之前,也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前)如:Ihaveenoughtime/timeenoughtofinishthiswork.我有足够的时间完成这项工作.Thereisenoughfoodinthefridge.冰箱里有足够的食物.adv.“足够地”修饰形容词或副词时,均放在所修饰词的后面.如:Heistallenoughtoreachtheapple.他足够高,能够得着苹果.Hespeaksclearlyenough.他讲得足够清楚.need“需要,必需”1作实义动词:needsth.需要某物needtodosth.需要做某事如:Ineedsomehelp.我需要一些帮助.Youneedtoseeadoctor.你需要去看医生.Heneedstotakeabus.他需要去搭车.2作情态动词:need+动词原形如:Ifshewantsanything,sheonlyneedask.她想要什么东西,只要开口就行了.Youneedn’tfinishthisworktoday.你不必今天完成这项工作.6．toomuch+不可数名词表“太多的。。。”muchtoo+形容词表“太。。。”，much起加强语气作用如：Don’teattoomuchmeat.不要吃太多的肉。Heismuchtoofat.他实在太胖了。四.重点语法情态动词:①must“必须,一定”如:Wemuststudyhard.我们必须努力学习.mustn’t“不可以”如:Youmustn’twalkonthelawn.你不可以在草坪上行走.②should“应该”如:Weshouldfinishitontime.我们应该按时完成它.shouldn’t“不该”如:Youshouldn’tgotoschoollate.你不该上学迟到.doone’sbesttodosth尽力做某事fightSARS抗击非典keepawayfromanimals远离动物dohousecleaning打扫屋子gotocrowdedplaces去拥挤的地方allthetime=always总是/一直examinethepatients检查病人takeamessage捎口信takecareof…照顾……=lookafter/carefortell/asksb.todosth叫某人做某事callback回电话leaveamessage留口信takeanactivepartin积极参加careforpatients照顾病人savethepatients挽救病人spendthetime度过时光teachoneself自学helpmothercook帮助妈妈煮东西onthephone/Internet在电话中/在互联网上enjoyoneself过得愉快tellsb.astory/stories给某人讲故事takesomeChinesemedicine吃些中药重点句型1.Wedon’thavetobeafraidofcatchingSARS.我们没必要害怕患上非典。2.Pleasetellmyfathertotakecareof