高考英语一轮复习-定语从句课件

Grammar定语从句Howtounderstandthefollowingdefinitions(定义)?

定语从句

先行词

关系词Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词关系词定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。1.连接作用,引导定语从句2.在从句中充当句子成分后面Theman

wholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.定语从句位置：放置于名词或代词的_____。3.指代先行词1.定语从句：在复合句中修饰____或____的从句叫定语从句。一般放在被修饰的词之____。

2.先行词：被修饰的____或____叫先行词。3.关系词：引导从句的词。____主句和从句，在从句中_____某种句子成分，指代先行词。名词名词代词代词后

连接充当PleasepointouttheAttributiveClauseinthefollowingsentences.哪些词是定语从句的关系词？1.Heistheboywhom/thatIwanttosee.2.Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereisMary.3.Thereisnothingthatworrieshim.4.ThisistheschoolwhereIwork.5.IhaveafriendwhosenameisLiza.6.ThisistheEnglishbookwhichIlostyesterday.7.That’sthereasonwhyshewaslate.8.Iwon’tforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.thatwhowhosewhere引导定语从句的关系词why关系代词关系副词whenwhomaswhich

1.that在从句中作_____、_____或_____，指______。1)Aplaneisamachinethat

canfly.2)ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.

3)Heisnolongerthestarthathewas.

(主语)(宾语)(表语)Discoveringrules…主语宾语人或物表语2.which在从句中作_____或_____，指___。

Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.

2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.Discoveringrules…主语宾语物(主语)(宾语)3.在定语从句中，who作____，whom作____,

两者都指______。

TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.2)ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.

主语宾语人Discoveringrules…(主语)(宾语)4.whose在从句中作_____，指______。

MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2）Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Discoveringrules…定语人或物(theteacher’shouse)(theclassroom’sdoor)whose指物时，常用“the+名词+ofwhich”结构来代替,例如：Theclassroom

whosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhich

isbrokenwillsoonberepaired.由when,where,why引导的定语从句。1.when(=介词+which)指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.2.where(=介词+which)指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.why=forwhich指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

关系词

先行词在从句中充当的成分

关系代词

whowhom

which

thatwhose人

人

物人或物人或物主宾主,宾,主,宾,表定Summary

关系词

先行词在从句中充当的成分

关系副词

why

where

whenreason

表地点名词表时间名词原因状语地点状语时间状语Summary如何选择关系词?

看先行词是人还是物看从句中缺少什么成分如果缺少主、宾、表、定语,就用关系代词,如果缺少状语,就用关系副词。1.Theman_________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl_____________ImetisLucy.

3.Thechild_______parentsaredeadiscalledTom.

4.Ilikethebook____________youboughtyesterday.

5.Ihavearoom________windowfacessouth.6.Ourschoolisnolongertheschool_____itusedtobe.

who/that(whom/that)whose(which/that)whosethatPractice7）Ineverforgotthedays___________wespenttogether.

8）I’llneverforgottheday________IjoinedthePLA.which/that

when★先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句缺主语或宾语，关系词用which/that。★先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，而是缺时间状语，关系词用when。9）

Thisisthehouse__________Ilivedintenyearsago.10）

Theshop_______Ｉboughtthebookisn’tfaraway.which/that

★

先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句缺主语或宾语，关系词用which/that。

where★先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，而是缺地点状语，就用关系副词where11）Thereason______________hegavewasnotenough.

which/that★先行词是reason，定语从句缺主语或宾语，就用关系代词which/that

。12)Thereason________hediedyoungwashisinattentionto(不注意）health.why★先行词是reason，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，而是缺原因状语，就用关系副词why.14.Shewillneverforgettheday______shelostthering.

13.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.when/onwhich(which/that)16.Hisfatherworksinafactory_________makesradioparts.15.Hisfatherworksinafactory_______radiopartsaremade.which/thatwhere/inwhich17.Thisisthehouse__________theyvisitedlasttime.18.Thisisthehouse________welivedbefore.19.Thisisthehouse________welivedinbefore.which/that

where/inwhichwhich21.Thisisthereason____________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork.

20.Pleasetellmethereason____________youaresleepyinclassagain.which/thatwhy/forwhich

在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：1)先行词是不定代词:all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。

All

thatwehavetodoistopracticeeveryDay.我们要做的就是每天练习。注意！2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。

ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。Beartheminyourmind!3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。

Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.

你给我的书我全读完了。4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。 HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。5)先行词既有人又有物时。

Theytalkedofthingsandpersons

thattheyrememberedintheschool.

他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人和事。6）当先行词是who或以who,which开头的特殊疑问，为了避免重复时。如：

a)Who

thatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．

b)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?c)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?7)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

Sheisnottheyoungandlovelynursethatshewastwoyearsago.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplacethat

itusedtobe.宜用who引导的情况1.当先行词是指人的those,

anyone,he,one,ones时。

Those______breakthelawwillbepunished.2.Anyone______wantstojointhearmysignsyournamehere,please.3.He______doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.whowhowho2.therebe开头的句子，先行词是人。

Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.

只用which不用that的情况

1)在非限定性定语从句中，先行词是物时。

Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

2)当关系代词前使用介词，先行词是物时。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

3)先行词为that,those指物时或先行词被that,those修饰时。如：

ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.4)一个句子中有两个定语从句，（先行词是物）其中一个用了关系代词that,另外一个则用which.

如：

AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.

Idon’tliketheway_____________youtalktome.当先行词是way，表示“以……方式”，在从句中充当状语时，可以用that或inwhich来引导或省略关系词。但way后接一个定语从句，way在从句中作主语时，关系代词用that/which.特殊情况：(that/inwhich)Wefirstbrokethelawinaway_________waspeaceful.which/thatSomepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.有些诗讲述一个故事,或者描述某件事情,这样给读者留下强烈的印象。Weshouldhelpthepoorstudentinawaythatwon’thurthisself-respect.我们应该以一种不伤害到这个贫困生的自尊的方式来帮助他。Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowismybrother.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词which,whom作介词宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词which,whom的前面。1.Thepersonwhom

Ispoketojustnowismybrother.2.Thisistheroomwhichwelivedinlastyear.注意：固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor寻找lookafter/takecareof照顾carefor照顾;喜欢lookforwardto盼望hearof/about听说hearfrom收到某人的来信dependon依赖;取决于

e.g.Thisistherightplace(which/that)I’mlooking

for.e.g.Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister.

关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。1)Thereason

why/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.

思考：介词+which/whom中的介词是从哪来的，根据什么判断要用这个介词的？介词来源于变成定语从句前的简单句，根据定语从句的谓语动词与介词搭配、先行词与介词搭配以及根据从句的句意来选用合适的介词。如何选择介词？1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定Doyoulikethebook______whichshespent$10?Doyoulikethebook______whichshepaid$10?Doyoulikethebook______whichshelearnedalot?Doyoulikethebook______whichsheoftentalks?2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定I’llneverforgettheday_________whichhemadethespeech.Themoment_________whichImadethedecisionisexciting.3)根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.onforfromaboutonatwithout1.Thisistheroom_______________welivedlastyear.2.Who’sthecomrade__________youjustshookhands?3.Theperson___________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.4.Thepencil___________hewaswritingbroke.5.WuDong,_____________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.

inwhich

withwhom

to/withwhom

withwhich

withwhom6.Thetwothings_______________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.7.Herbag,_____________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.

ofwhich

intowhichas也可作关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句，又可以和主句中的thesame或such,as,so相呼应构成thesameas…/such…as/as…as/so…as。1)Wedothesameworkastheydo.2)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.3)Ihopetogetsuchadictionaryasheisusing.4)Wewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyouinyourwork.as也可引导一个非限制性定语从句,修饰整个句子，可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，常作“正如”解，在从句中常常作主语、宾语。如：1）Wejumpedforjoyatthenews,aswasnatural.

2）Chinaisadevelopingcountry,asisknowntoall.3)Energycanneverbecreatednordestroyed,ashasbeensaidbefore.这是常有的事as作主语as作主语as作主语4)Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.5）Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoourhealth.

6）Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.as作主语as作宾语as作主语

当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时,这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导。两者的区别在于：1.which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后,而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。Asisknowntousall,theearthmovesroundthesun.众所周知,地球是围绕太阳运动的.LiMingwaslate,whichmadeMr.Zhangveryangry.李明迟到了,这使张先生非常生气。2.在定语从句中作主语时,若用as,其谓语部分一般有be;若谓语是不含be的行为动词时,要用which。LiMingislate,asisoftenthecase.李明迟到了,这是经常发生的。(可用which)LiMingwaslate,which(=andthis)madeMr.Zhangveryangry.李明迟到了,这使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)Hemarriedher,whichwasunexpected.

他和她结婚了,这是出乎意料的。(不可用as)3.表示意料之外、没有想到的、出乎意料的，只用whichwhich常译作“这”;而as常译作“正如”,且多与see,expect,imagine,know,hope等动词连用。as常用于固定搭配中:asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事),asweexpected(不出所料);asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样)；asisknowntoall(众所周知);ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述);asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等等。灵活运用

一、专项填空用which或as填空。1.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,_____turnedouttobeawisedecision.1.引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个主句。which2.Ilookedintotheireyes,Ifoundtheydidn’tcare,______toldmeitwouldbeuseless,butwhenIlookedintoyours,Isawkindness.解析：引导非限制性定语从句,which指前面整个句子。3.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.解析：译成“这”,相当于andthis,用which。

whichwhich4.___isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.解析：固定搭配:asisoftenthecase这是常有的事。5.___ismentionedabove,paperisfirstmadeinChina.解析：表示“正如”,用as。AsAs6.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.可译作“这”which7.___isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.8.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,______wehadn’texpect.意料之外的事,用whichAswhich表示“正如”9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.没有想到的,意料之外的,只能用which。10.___isknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.习惯搭配:asisknowntoall众所周知。whichAs1.I’vereadallthebooks____yougaveme.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that2.Thereisn’tmuch___Icando.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.how

CDI.Choosetherightanswer.课堂练习3.Hekeepsarecordofeverything____hehadseenthere.

A.he

B.that

C.which

D.what4.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces____aredifferentfromours.

A.that

B.who

C.which

D.whomAB5.MrJohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity____hehadvisitedinChina.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.whatA6.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone_____Ihavewatchedthisyear.

A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.thatD7.LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao____aconferencewastobeheld.A.which

B.that

C.when

D.whereD8.Isthisthemuseum____youvisitedtheotherday?A.that

B.where

C.inwhich

D.theone9.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear____NewChinawasfounded.

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.whereAA10.Thisistheveryfilm______I’velongwishedtosee.

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom11.Thereisnodifficulty_______can’tbeovercomeintheworld.

A.that

B.which

C.who

D.whatAB12.Whoistheperson____isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whomB13.Thiswasthesupermarket___Iboughtthiskindoftin.

A.where

B.that

C.who

D.which14.Thehouse_____thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.

A.that

B.where

C.what

D.whenAA15.Thisisthelasttime____Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.

A.that

B.which

C.when

D.what16.Thehouse_____weliveisnotbig.

A.inthat

B.which

C.inwhich

D.thatAC

17.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_____wasverykindofthem.

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whomC18.All____glittersisnotgold.

A.that

B.which

C.不填D.what19.InowknowwhyMaoimpresseseveryonewhomeetshimtheway____hedoes.

A.which

B.what

C.不填D.nowCA20.Beijing,____isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.不填21.Shewasnolongerthewoman___

shewas.

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.whoAC22.That’sthehotel____lastyear.

A.whichwestayed

B.atthatwestayed

C.wherewestayedat

D.wherewestayedD23.Thedoctordidall___tosavethewoundedboy.A.whathecould

B.hecouldC.everythingwhichhecould D.forwhichhecoulddoB24.Anyone______thisopinionmayspeakout. A.thatagainst

B.thatagainst C.whoisagainst

D.whoareagainstC25.Theplace______youarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when26.You’vemadethesamemistake____youmadelasttime.

A.as

B.like

C.which

D.thatAB27.Itisnotsuchaninterestingmagazine____Ithought.

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.不填28.____youknow,heisafamousmusician.

A.As

B.which

C.That

D.不填AA29.MrZhou,____nativelanguagewasChinese,couldreadandwriteseveralforeignlanguages.

A.whose

B.his

C.which

D.thatA30.Doyouknowtheactor____yousawplayingHamletisnowdoingKingLear?

A.who

B.whom

C.whose

D.whichB31.ItookmyfriendtotheSummerPalace,____wehadsomephotostaken.

A.where

B.which

C.that

D.不填A32.Doyouremembertheday______yoursisterwasgraduatedasaMasterofArts?

A.which

B.onwhich

C.aboutwhich