八年级下英语现在完成时讲解练习

此刻达成时一、此刻达成时态的构造have/has(助动词）+done(过去分词)说明:动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种,规则形式同过去式的规则形式.非规则形式需要特别记忆。能够这样分类：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABCAAAcost-cost-cost，hit—hit—hit，let-let—let，read-read—read,put-put—put，set-set—sethurt—hurt—hurt,cut—cut—cutABBbuy-bought—bought，catch—caught-caught，teach—taught—taught，find—found—found,sell-sold-soldstand—stood—stoodbuild-built—builtsleep-slept—sleptspend-spent—spentABAcome-came—come，become—became-become，run—ran-runABCbreak—broke—broken，flyrode-ridden，take—took-taken

—flew-flown，write-wrote

，ride——writtenspeak-spoke

—spoken,drive-drove-driven二、此刻达成时态的基本句式一定句：主语

+have/has+Vpp+其余否认句：在助动词

have/has

后加上否认词

not一般疑问句：将助动词have或has提到句首，一定的简单回答是：Yes，主语＋have/has。否认的简单回答是:No，主语＋have/hasnot。特别疑问句：特别疑问词+一般疑问句三、此刻达成时态的用法1、用来表示以前已经发生或达成的动作或状态，而其结果却和此刻有联系：动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在，能够和already,never,ever，just，before，yet等副词连用.比如:Theyhaveleft.(他们已经走开了，也就是说此刻他们人不在这里）havehadmylunch。（我已经吃过午餐了,也就是说我此刻不饿）Hehasseenthefilm.Sohewon’tgowithus。(看电影发生在过去，但此刻仍旧记得它的内容。）说明：already与yet都有“已经"的意思，但already常用于一定句,并用于句中.yet常用于否认句和疑问句，并用于句末。比如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet。Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet？2、表示过去已经开始，连续到此刻的动作或状态，能够和表示从过去某一时刻连续到此刻（包含“此刻”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。比如：Myuncleh

asworked

atthisfactory

forfiveyears

。我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了Mr.BlackhaslivedinChina

.since2002

。自从

2002年

Mr.Black

向来住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?

你来这里多久了

?注意：此种用法中表示连续动作或状态的动词一定是连续性动词（否认句除外）。比如：（1）这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：正确：

II

haveboughtthebookforthreemonthshavehadthebookforthreemonths.

。（2）你哥哥从军多长时间了?错误:Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy？正确：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier？四、此刻达成时态与一般过去时态的差别一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或纯真表达过去的事情,重申换作；此刻达成时为过去发生的，重申过去的事情对此刻的影响，重申的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.

（重申看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm

。（重申对此刻的影响

,电影的内容已经知道了。）一般过去经常与详细的表示过去的时间状语连用；此刻完成时往常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语.一般过去时的时间状语：

yesterdaylastweek,

。。.ago

，in1990,inOctober,justnow

，此刻达成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever

，

never,just

，

yet

，inthepastfewyears

，

already,句子中若有过去时的时间副词（如

yesterday,last,week，in1960）时，不可以使用此刻达成时，要用过去时(错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.3）此刻达成时可表示连续到此刻的动作或状态，动词一般是连续性的，如

live

，teach

，learn

，work,

study

，know.一般过去经常用的非连续性动词有come,go，leave，start,die，finish,become，getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago。(加入的动作不是连续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago）。（在团内的状态可连续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago）.是团员的状态可连续)比较since和forsince用来说明动作开端时间—“自从"，for用来说明动作连续时间长度—“长达"。在有for和since指引时间状语的句子中不可以用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn。Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949。Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has）been表示“曾去过某地,已经从那边回来了”，能够和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has)gone表示“已经去了某地，在去那边的途中或抵达那边还没有回来[注意]：第三人称”.have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(以前)到/去过上海.(但别人此刻一定不是在上海而是回来了)HehasgonetoShanghai。他已经去上海了.(或许刚起程出发，或许已经到了,或许还在路上,反正别人不在这里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了一、单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad。Maybethey______what’shappenedtohim。A.knewB。haveknownC。mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas___beentoShanghai，

has

he

？Ａ.already

Ｂ.never

Ｃ。ever

Ｄ。

still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li____Ａ.JustＢ。ago

？Ｃ.before

Ｄ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear。Ａ。iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ。wroteＤ。haswritten5、-Ourcountry____alotsofar.—Yes。Ihopeitwillbeeven______。Ａ。haschanged；wellＢ。changed;good

Ｃ。

haschanged;betterＤ。changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already

______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studying

Ｂ.will;study

Ｃ.has

；studied

Ｄ。are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl

。Ａ.know

Ｂ。

hadknown

Ｃ.haveknown

Ｄ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm

。I_____twice.Ａ。

willsee

Ｂ。

haveseen

Ｃ.saw

Ｄ.see9、-These

farmers

have

been

to

the

United

States

。—Really？When_____there?Ａ。willtheygo

Ｂ.didtheygo

Ｃ。

dotheygo

Ｄ。havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes。I_____itamomentago.Ａ。Did；do；finishedＢ。Have；done;finishedＣ。Have;done；havefinished

Ｄ。

will

；

do;finish11、

Hisfather______thePartysince1978。Ａ。joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasin

Ｄ。

hasbeenin12、-Doyouknowhimwell

？—

Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ。were

Ｂ.havebeen

Ｃ.havebecome

Ｄ。havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou

____here?—Abouttwomonths

。Ａ。

been

Ｂ.gone

Ｃ。

come

Ｄ.arrived14、Hurry

up!Theplay__________fortenminutes

。Ａ。

hasbegun

Ｂ。

hadbegun

Ｃ。

hasbeenon

Ｄ.began15、

It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy

。Ａ.Is

Ｂ。

has

Ｃ。

will

Ｄ.was16、

MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary

。Ａ.hasgone

Ｂ.went

Ｃ。willgo

Ｄ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ。

havebeenin

Ｂ。

havebeento

Ｃ。havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?A。sothey

B。don’tthey

C。havethey

D.haven

’tthey19、

hasMr

。

White

beenamemberofGreenerChina

sincehetoChina?A.How

soon,comes

B.How

often,

got

C。How

long,came

D。

Howfar,arrived20、

Hisuncle

formorethan9years.A。

hascomehere

B.hasstarted

to

work

C.haslived

thereD。haslefttheuniversity二、句型变换。1、Hehasneversurfed,____________?（改成反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000。(发问)___________havetheybeenhere？3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He____________forayear。（die)（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago。(同义句变换)Thisfactory____________________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(

同义句变换

)MissGao____________________anhourago

。6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyearsHermother_______thePartythreeyears________.

。(同义句）8、Thebushasarrivedhere

。Itarrivedtenminutesago.

（把两个句子归并成一个句子）___________________________________________A)用

have(has)been

或

have(has)gone

填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland。Howlong___________he___________there？B：He_____________thereforthreedays.A：Whenwillhecomeback，doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently。A：CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B：Sorry,I_________never___________there。Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?He_____________thereonlyonce.B)用have/hasbeento/in，havegoneto的各样形式填空。WhereisJack？He__________hiscountry。2)John_______Englandsincehecameback。Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.5)_____youever____America?-Yes,I_____theremanytimes。

—I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago。A）按要求把短暂性变换为连续性动词①arriveat/insw。getto/reachsw.→beinsw。come/go/movetosw。—--behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago。He__________________________Beijingfor__________________。2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear。I__________________________theUSAsince____________________。Iwenthomeyesterday.I________________________homefor___________________.Theycameherelastweek.They__________________heresince___________________.②come/goback,return

→

beback

come/goout

→

beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________。2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday。We_________________________toFuzhousince__________。③become→be1)Ibecameateacherin2000。I__________________ateacher_________。

for

_________Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________。④close→beclosedopen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________。Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours。⑤getup→beupdie→bedeadleavesw.→beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettosleep→beasleepfinish/end→beovermarry→bemarried1)Igotuptwohoursago。I________________________since________。2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow。He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes。Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I__________________________since___________________。6)Theymarriedin1990。They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth。→dosth。b