高三英语Unit4(I)-TheBirthofaScience人教版知识精讲

高三英语

Unit4

（I

）—TheBirthofaScience教版

人【本讲教育信息】一.教课内容：Unit4（I）—TheBirthofaScience.知识总结与概括：Untilthen,mostlydoctorsandsurgeonsstudiedherbs.Attemptshadbeenmadebyotherstoclassifyplantspeciesintogroups,butthebreakthroughcamewiththeworkofCarlLinnaeus.直到那时为止，内科医生和外科医生多半研究过草药，另一些试试按植物种类进行分类，可是打破性进展却来自CarlLinnaeus。mostly：大多半地，主要地Moreimmigrantsarrived,mostlyEuropeans.ThefilmwasmadeinScotland,mostlyinGlasgow.Attemptshadbeenmade是makeattemptstodo/atsth.的被动形式。Shemadeanattempttohideherdistress.Theyfailedinalltheirattemptstoclimbthemountain.attempt作为及物动词，表示：试试，妄图Youareattemptingadifficulttask.2.Inhissystemtheidentificationofdifferentspecieswasbasedonthearrangementofthemaleandfemaleorgansintheflowers.在他的分类系统中，不一样种群的鉴识是以花中的雄性和雌性器官的摆列为基础的。bebasedon：成立在基础之上Hisreasoningisconvincingbecauseitisbasedscientificanalysis.Oneshouldalwaysbaseone’sopiniononfacts.Sheusedherfamily’shistoryasabaseforhernovel.3.Bornintoalifeofprivilege,JosephBankswastheofawealthyfamily.

onsonJosephBanks是一个富饶家庭的儿子，生来就享有特权生活。beborninto/to/of出生于Magiewasbornintoawealthyfamily.ShewasbornofGermanparents.born的其余用法：Hewasabornmusician.Abornteacher,shethoughtshecouldturnadeaf-blindpersonintoausefulhumanbeing.Allmenarebornthesameandequal.Manyyoungmeninhispositionwouldleadacosylife,butyoungBankshadanappetiteforknowledge.很多像他这样有地位的年青人过的是舒坦安适的生活，而年青的Banks却渴求知识。position：处境；境地；地位；地点；姿势I’mnotsurewhatIshoulddoifIwerein

his

position.TheyweremenofthehighestpositioninEngland.haveanappetitefor：盼望做Ihaveagreatappetiteforclassicalmusic.Don’teatthecake,oryouwillspoilyourappetite.Helosthisappetiteforpoliticsafterbeatenintheelection.5.Asastronomywasoneofthemostimportantbranchesofscience,itwastheBritishgovernmentthatpaidforalltheequipmentandexpensesforthatpartoftheexpedition.因为天文学是一个很重要的科学分支，所以英国政府资助了这次观察中天文学部分所需要的设施和经费。后半句是一个重申句：被重申部分是：theBritishgovernmentExpense：花销，开销常用短语：atexpense如：atgreat/noexpenseHehadhisbookathisownexpense.Hefinishedtheworkattheexpenseofhisrest.6.Bankswasthefirsttomovecropsfromonecontinenttoanotheronalargescale,helpingtodeveloplocaleconomieswiththesenewimports.Banks首开先河把一个地方的作物大规模地引进到另一个地方，进而用这些新入口物质促使了当地经济的发展。thefirsttomove：不定式构造：be+序数词＋

todosth.helping：此刻分词形式做结果状语。onalargescale：大规模地Inordertocelebratethetwentiethanniversaryofthecompany,theyareentertainingonalargescale.scale还有“标准，等级”的意思Theforceofthewindismeasuredonastandardscaleof0—12.Heisthepersonwhoishighonthesocialscale.7.AfterthatCaptainCookmadetwomorevoyagesaroundtheworld,butJosephBanksneverundertookanother.Frombehindhisdesk,however,hewasinvolvedinenterprisessuchastheexplorationofAfricaandthesettlementofAustralia.在那此后，Cook船长还作过两次全球航行。可是JosephBanks再也没有出过海。但是，他却在幕后卷入了诸如探究非洲和开辟澳洲之类的事业。behindhisdesk：指幕后。beinvolvedin.：牵涉，卷入，参加。Nearlyallthecountrieswereinvolvedinthelasttwoworldwar.Don’tinvolveyourselfwiththosepeople.involve：还有“包括，不免出现；带头”等意思。Houseworkinvolvescooking,washing,sweepingandcleaningandsoon.Togetthereinvolvedcrossinganumberofmountains.8.IngrowingstrawberriesBankswentbacktotheabandonedpracticeofspreadingdrawunderthefrittoreducethenecessaryamountofwatering.在栽种草莓时，Banks采纳了早已经荒弃的在果实下边铺稻草的方法来降低用水量。abandon：放弃；扔掉；GeorgewenttoLondontostudylaw,butabandonedit

forart.abandononeselfto：沉迷于；堕入Someyoungpeopleabandonedthemselvestopleasureanddonothing.【典型例题】一.单项选择：1.Doyouknowthe

______for

obtaining

anewpassport

nextyear?I’llgotoAceedings答案：B剖析：你知道明年办理新护照的手续吗？process：过程；进度；procedure：步骤；程序；proceeding：诉讼程序；proceedings：事件，一系列行动Childreninschoolare_____intogradesaccordingtohowmuchtheyknow.C.combinationdescribed答案：B剖析：在学校依据孩子们认识知识的多少被分为不一样的年级。classify：分类；list：列举；combination：结合；describe：描绘Thebasiccausesareunknown,butcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen____.D.conveyed答案：A剖析：致使癌症的根来源因尚不清楚，但某些致癌要素已被证实．identify：identification的动词形式：验明；判定。guarantee：保证；notify：通知；convey：传递；传达4.Onlyguestsofthehotelenjoy_____bowlingonthe9thfloor.A.favorB.possibilityC.privilegeadvantage答案：C剖析：只有本旅馆内的客人拥有到九楼打保龄球的特别待遇。privilege：特权，特别待遇；favor：恩泽；独爱；possibility：可能性；advantage：优势______energymustbereleasedinoneform,forexample,anearthquake.C.AccumulatedResembled答案：C剖析：被累积起来的能量一定以某种形式开释出来；比方说地震。Accumulated：逐渐累积起来，在此是过去分词做定语；gather；collect指一件一件地采集；resemble：相像Theplaywas_____whenitwasdiscoveredhowmuchtheschemewouldcost.D.ignored答案：C剖析：当发现该剧本将耗费巨大时就被放弃了。弃；desert：扔掉，扔掉（使孤立）；resign忽视

abandon：遗：离职；ignore：JohnKerryadmittedhisdefeatinaphonecalltopresidentBushinthemorning,___the2004race.C.endedend答案：B剖析：清早JohnKerry给Bush打电话认可竞选失败，结束了总统竞选。此刻分词做结果状语。.翻译句子：我不是在谴责你，我不过想弄清事故是怎样发生的。（merely）他经过房地产投资累积了大批的财产。（accumulate）3.他参加了国家独立的伟大事业。（beinvolvedin）4.这些数字是依据市场价钱的均匀数得出的。（bebasedon）5.他特别喜爱拥有挑战性的工作。（haveanappetitefor）我们一定委派一个委员会来办理此事。（appoint）答案：1.I’mnottryingtocriticizeyou.I’mmerelytryingtofindouthowtheaccidentoccurred.Heaccumulatedalargefortunethroughhousinginvestment.3.Hewasinvolvedintheenterpriseofmakinghiscountryindependent.Thesefiguresarebasedonaveragemarketprices.Hehasaspecialappetiteforchallengingwork.Wemustappointacommitteetodealwiththematter.【模拟试题】.单项选择：Therehasbeenhousingdevelopment____sincetheendoflastcentury.C.indetailD.onalargescale2.Theyhave______themselvesasdedicatedsocialworkers.C.stoodoutD.beenhonored3.Idon’tthinkJohnwould______hisfriendsiftheywereintrouble.D.involve4.Advertisingcompaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaysto____products.A.designB.classifyC.promoteD.identify5.Theboyhasanappetite_____Americancountrymusic.A.toB.onC.withD.forAmoderncityhasbeensetin____wasawasteland10yearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where7.Theyarealwaysreadytogivethevacantseatto______comesfirst.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever8.Manisborn____free,yeteverywhereheis____chains.A.tobe/inB.being/byC./inD./by9.MostchildreninGreatBritainareeducatedatthepublic’s____.A.checkB.paymentC.expenseD.charge10._____whatotherssay,Ithinkhe’saveryniceperson.C.ExceptDespite.Somemythsarestoriestoldsinceancienttimestoexplainthecausesfornaturalhappenings.TheGreekmyththatexplainswhytherearechangesof1isaboutDemeter,thegoddessoftheharvest.Shehadadaughter,Persephone,whomshelovedverymuch.Hades,godoftheunderworld,fellinlovewithPersephone,andheaskedZeus,the2ofthegods,togivePersephonetohimashis3.ZeusdidnotwanteithertodisappointHadesortoupsetDemeter,sohesaidhewouldnotagreetothemarriage,butneitherwouldhe4it.Hades,therefore,decidedtotakethegirlwithout5.WhenPersephonewaspickingflowersinthegarden,heseizedherandtookhertotheunderworld.WhenDemeter6whathappenedtoPersephone,shebecameso7thatshecausedallplantsto8.Peoplewerein9ofstarving,ButDemeterwasdeterminednottoletcropsgrow10herdaughter,Persephone,wasreturnedtoher.11,stillnotwantingtodisappointHades,decideduponaconditionforPersephone’s12.Shecouldgobacktohermotherifshehadnot13anythingwhileshewasintheunderworld.Demeter14itbecauseshedidnotknowthatPersephonehadeatenseveralpomegranate（石榴）seedsintheunderworld.WhenZeus15this,heagreedthatPersephonecouldspendpartoftheyearwithher16,butheaddedthatsinceshehadeatentheseeds,shemustspendpartoftheyearintheunderworld.Andsoit17thatwhenPersephoneisintheunderworld,Demeterissadandtherefore18notletthecropsgrow.Thatis19wehavewinterwhenplantsdonotgrow.WhenPersephonereturns,Demeteris20,itisspring,andplantsbegintogrowagain.1.A.periodsB.seasonsC.timeD.age2.A.winnerB.rulerC.advisorD.fighter3.A.wifeB.loverC.partnerD.daughter4.A.forbidB.forgiveC.admitD.accept5.A.arrangementB.warningC.reasonD.permission6.A.letoutB.workedoutC.thoughtoutD.foundout7.A.excitedB.tiredC.angryD.serious8.A.growfastB.startgrowingC.stopgrowingD.growslowlyB.hopeC.turnD.case10.A.sinceB.untilC.afterD.when11.A.PersephoneB.ZeusC.DemeterD.Hades12.A.returnB.changeC.marriageD.journey13.A.stolenB.foundC.eatenD.heard14.A.understoodB.refusedC.doubtedD.accepted15.A.discoveredB.studiedC.forgotD.prepared16.A.daughterB.motherC.godD.ruler17.A.worksB.remainsC.happensD.starts18.A.shouldB.canC.dareD.will19.A.whereB.becauseC.whyD.howhappy.阅读理解：ThereisoneforeignproducttheJapanesearebuyingfasterthanothers,anditspopularityhascausedanuneasyfeelingamongmanyJapanese.Thatproductisforeignwords.Gairaigo-wordsthatcomefromoutsidehavebeenpartoftheJapaneselanguageforcenturies.MostlyborrowedfromEnglishandChinese,thesetermsareoftenchangedintoformsnolongerunderstoodbynativespeakers.Butinthelastfewyearsthetrickle（涓涓细流）offoreignwordshasbecomeaflood,andpeoplefeartheincreasinguseofforeignwordsismakingithardfortheJapanesetounderstandeachotherandcouldleadtomanypeopleforgettingthegoodqualitiesoftraditionalJapanese.“ThepopularityofforeignwordsispartoftheJapaneseinterestinanythingnew,”saysuniversitylecturerandwriterTakashiSaito.“Byusingaforeignwordyoucanmakeasubjectseemnew,whichmakesiteasierforthemediatopickup.”ExpertsoftenstudyabroadanduseEnglishtermswhentheyspeakwithpeopleintheirownfields.Thosetermsarethenincludedingovernmentwhitepapers,saidMuturoKai,presidentoftheNationalLanguageResearchInstitute.“Foreignwordsfindtheirwayeasilyintoannouncementsmadetothegeneralpublic,whentheyshouldreallybeexplainedinJapanese.”Againsttheflowofnewwords,manyJapaneseareturningbacktothestudyoftheirownlanguage.Saito’sJapanesetoBeReadAloudisoneofmanylanguagebooksthatarenowflyingoffbooksellers’shelves.“Wewereexpectingtosellthebookstoyoungpeople,”saidthewriter,“butitturnsouttheyaremorepopularwiththeoldergenerationwhoseemuneasyaboutthefutureofJapanese.”WhatadvantagesdoforeignwordshaveovertraditionalJapaneseterms?A.Theideaexpressedinforeignwordssoundnew.B.Foreignwordsarebestsuitedforannouncements.C.Foreignwordsmakeanewsubjecteasiertounderstand.D.Theuseofforeignwordsmakesthemediamorepopular.IntheopinionofTakashiSaito,Japanesepeople_____.aregoodatlearningforeignlanguagesarewillingtolearnaboutnewthingstrustthemediarespectexpertsWhichofthefollowingplaysanimportantpartinthespreadofforeignwords?Themediaandgovernmentpapers.Best-sellingJapanesetextbooks.TheinterestofyoungJapanese.Foreignproductsandexperts.4.ThebookJapanesetoBeReadAloud______.A.sellsverywellinJapanB.issupportedbythegovernmentC.isquestionedbytheoldgenerationD.causesmisunderstandingamongthereaders四.短文改错：AtfirstIwasnotquitewillingtositdownandwatchedthe90-minutefootballmatch.UsuallyIjust1._____checkedtheresultsbecauseIthoughtthatwasdull2._____towatchagameinwhichplayerskickedaballeach3._____WorldCupin2002,mydadstaysuplatejusttowatch5._____hisfavoritesport.Seeinghisstronginterestinthis6._____gameof22menrunafteraball,Idecidedtositdown7.____towatchthegame.Ifoundthegameexcited,andmy8.____isnottoobadlyaslongasIwatchitwithmydad!10.___参照答案一.单项选择：1.D自上个世纪末住宅出现了大规模地发展。

onalargescale

：大规模地2.B

distinguishoneself

；因善于而惹人注视。他们因致力于社会工作而惹人注视。A我以为John在朋友碰到困难时会扔掉朋友。C广告企业老是努力进行新的创意来促销产品。promoteproduct：促销产品5.D这个男孩喜爱美国农村音乐。haveanappetitefor.：盼望喜爱6.Awhatwasawasteland10yearsago作为名词性从句做介词in的宾语。7.Cwhoevercomesfirst做介词to的宾语。他们为任何先到的人预留了空座。Cbeborn+形容词：天生是（假如接名词，前面有介词：in;into）beinchains：被软禁。9.C大多半英国少儿都是由民众出资接受教育。atone’sexpense：由支付花费。D不论他人说什么，我以为他是个好人。despite后边接名词性从句whatotherssay.完型填空：本文经过一个希腊神话，揭露主题句（文章首句）所述的内容：从古时候流传下来的一些神话传说，能解说一些自然现象。1.B依据主题句和下文，能够推知，这里是讲一个对于为什么会有季节变化的希腊神话。2.B依据上下文我们知道

Hades和

Demeter

都是

god，但它们做事情需要征询另一个god，即Zeus的赞同，由此判断Zeus必定是掌管或控制诸神的神。3.A依据上下文的love，fellinlovewith，和marriage这些词很简单得悉此处表示“Hades恳求Zeus把Persephone赏给自己为妻。”其余项不切合文意。4.A

依据上下文推知本句意思是“

Zeus

说他不会赞同这桩婚姻，但也不会阻挡”5.Dwithoutpermission意思是未经赞同，没有征采赞同。依据文意，此处表示因为Zeus对这件事既不一样意，也不阻挡，所以Hades决定不再征询赞同就把Persephone带走。所以选D。D此处表示“当Demeter得悉（或认识、发现）Persephone。被Hades带走了这件事情时”，四个选项中只有findout有“认识、弄清、查明（事情的实情）”之意，应选D。C当得悉自己的女儿被他人强行带走了，母亲身然会很生气，所以选C。8.C依据故事情形，因为Demeter是thegoddessoftheharvest。掌管着。庄稼的收获，她是想用causedallplantstostopgrowing来处罚Hades，应选C切合文意。9.Aindangerof是一习惯搭配，表示“面对的危险”，切合上下文语境。其余项固然也能组成正确搭配，但不切合文意。B本句意为“Demeter决定不让庄稼生长，直到Hades把她女儿送回来为止。”B切合题意。B依据上文，在此事情上有