外研版初一英语上册复习资料

初一英语（上）复习资料一短语识记:aphotoof一张 的照片； asetofkeys一副钥匙； sportscollection体育收藏品；familyphoto全家福照片； familytree家谱； firstname名字； Frenchfries薯条；healthyfood健康食品； IDcard身份证； lastname/familyname姓氏；playsports做运动；跑步明星；tennisracketplaysports做运动；跑步明星；tennisracket网球拍;runningstartelephonethanksforwatchTV看电视；number/phonenumber电话号码；videotape录像带； 10standfound失物招领;为……而感谢；alotof/lotsof许多，大量;behindthesofa在沙发后面； alotof/lotsof许多，大量;thedrawer在抽屉里;onthefloor/table在地板，桌子上； Onthedresser在梳妆台上； underthebed在床下；bring…to…把 带（来）到 ； callsb（at...）给某人打电话；playbaseball/basketball打棒球/篮球； playcomputergames玩电子游戏；soundgood听起来很好； take…to…把 带（去）到 ； watch…onTV在电视上看actionmovie动作片； basketball/volleyballgame篮球，排球赛； BeijingOpera京剧：birthdayparty生日聚会； Englishspeechcontest英语演讲比赛； moviestar电影明星；schoolday学校上课日； schooltrip学校旅行； summercamp夏令营；talentshow才艺表演； …year（s）01d 岁（年龄）； alittle少量；ataverygood口"。0以很好的价钱；athome在家；atschool在学校；inthemorning在上午；intheafternoon在下午；intheevening在傍晚/晚上； onsale出售；onweekends在周末；doone'shomework〜做作业； eat/havebreakfast/lunch/dinner吃早/午/晚饭；getto到达；getup起床；gohome回家；gotoamovie去看电影；gotobed上床睡觉；gotoschool去上学；gotowork去上班；helpwith在……（方面）帮助；learnabout了解有关 ；listento听 ；lookat/havealookatplaychess下棋；playtheguitar/trumpet/violin/drum弹吉他/吹喇叭，拉小提琴，敲鼓；playwith一和 ；speakEnglish说英语； takeashower淋浴，洗漂；takethenumber17bus乘17路公共汽车； howmuch（价钱）多少；howold多大年记；whattime几点，什么时候二复习本册主要内容，包括话题、词汇、句型及语法：一词汇分类记忆schoolthings（学习及相关用品）：pencilpenbookeraserrulermathbookpencilcasepencilsharpenerbackpacknotebookcomputerwatchkeyringCDvideocassettealarmclockIDcardfamilymembers（家庭成员）：motherfatherparentsisterbrothergrandmothergrandfathergrandparentuncleauntcousinfurniture（家具）：tablebeddresserbookcasesofachairsportsandentertainment（运动与娱乐）:baseballbasketballvolleyballsoccerbattennisdanceswimmingpaintplaychessplaytheguitarfood（食物）：hamburgerstomatoesbroccoliorangessaladbananaseggscarrotsappleschickenfruitvegetablebreakfastlunchdinnerFrenchfriesicecreamclothes（衣物）：hatsockspantsshortssweaterbagT-shirtnumber（数词）：cardinal（基数词）/ordinal（序数词）one/first two/second three/third four/fourth five/fifth six/sixth seven/seventheight/eighth nine/ninth ten/tenth eleven/eleventh twelve/twelfththirteen/thirteenthfourteen/fourteenth fifteen/fifteenthnineteen/nineteenth twenty/twentiethtwenty-one/twenty-first thirty/thirtiethmonth（月份）：JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAu-gustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberweek（星期）：MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySundaymovies（电影）：actionmoviecomedyromancethrillermusicalinstrument（乐器）:guitardrumpianotrumpetviolinsubject（科目）：mathsciencehistoryartChineseEnglishSpanishPortugueseKoreanFrenchphysicaleducation（P.E.）countriesandcities（国家与城市）：CanadaNewZealandJapanAustraliaMexicoBrazilArgentinaSeoultheUnitedStatestheUnitedKingdomSouthKoreaNewYorkMexicoCityTokyodailylife（日常生活）：runcleanreadgetupeat/havebreakfast/lunch/suppergotoschooldohomework/houseworkwatchTVgotobedtakeashoweradjectives（形容词）:interestingboringfundifficultrelaxingscaryfunnyexcitingsadgreat二主要语法项目be动词的一般现在时形式be动词的现在式有am,is,are三种形式，原形均为be,因此称它们为be动词。be动词在一般现在时的句子当中，通常构成主系表句型，表示当前所存在的状态，句型如下：肯定句：主语+be动词+其他e.g.Iamateacher.否定句：主语+be动词+not+其他e.g.Heisn'tastudent.疑问句：Be动词+主语+其他e.g.Areyouasoccerplayer?be动词的三种不同的形式分别接在不同的主语后面，第一人称单数Iam,第一人称复数weare.第二人称单复数youare,第三人称的单数she/he/itis,第三人称复数theyare。注意下列缩写形式：isnot=isn'tarenot=aren'tIamnot=I'mnotYouare=You'reItis=It's看下列例句：（1）Itisnotabook./Itisn'tabook.一）-IsMaryanurse?一Yes,sheis.2do/does引导的一般疑问句、否定句及肯定、否定回答be动词（am,is,are）、助动词、情态动词以外的动词称为行为动词。行为动词通常用于主谓宾句型当中作谓语，表示一定的动作。在否定句和疑问句中，要加助动词d0/does,这和be动词不同。句型如下：肯定句：主语+动词（第三人称单数时，动词一s/-es）否定句：主语+do/doesnot（don't/doesn't）+动词一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词？e.g.Yougotoschooleveryday.Shelikessingingverymuch.Idon'twatchTvathome.Hedoesn'tstudyhard.-DoyouhaveanexaminationinEnglish?一Yes,Ido.-Doesshewalktoschool?一No,shedoesn't.3.人称代词、物主代词用法巧记和提示巧学妙记.人称代词的用法口诀人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；主格定把主语做，宾格作宾不会错。如：HeteachesusEnglish..物主代词用法口诀物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。形容词性作定语，后面定把名词用①；名词性，独立用，主宾表语它都扮②①形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性，在句中用作定语，后面必须接名词。如：Ourteacherisayoungwoman.②名词性物主代词应独立使用.后面不跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。它在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。如：HerEnglishisbetterthanmine.Her作定语，mine=myEnglish。提示当几个不同的人称代词作主语时。它们的排列顺序通常是：①单数为：you,he/sheandI如：You,sheandIaregoodfriends.我、你和她都是好朋友。MaryandIareinClassOne.我和玛丽在一班。‘②复数为：we,youandthey如：We,youandtheyallenjoymusic.我们、你们和他们都喜欢音乐。但如果是做错了事，当事人应承担责任时，通常把第一人称放在最前面。如：一Whobrokethewindow?一IandMike.这正是：单数人称2、3、l,复数人称l、2、3。麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见。4.情态动词梳理归纳can(could),may(might),must,haveto,need,shouldCan1.表示主观能力，意为"能；会"。其否定形式为cannot=can'to如：Hecan/can'tswim..表示请求、许可，常用于“CanI…？”，意为“我可以……吗？”。比较口语化。如：CanIplayfootballafterIfinishdoingmyhomework?.表示推测，常用于否定和疑问句中。如：Lookatthenameonthebag.Itcan'tbeLily's.Wherecanitbe?May1.表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。如：MayIhavealookatyourCDplayer?.表示可能性(说话人的猜测)，常用于肯定句中。如：Yourfriendmaybewaitingforyounow.相关链接：may引起的一般疑问句，其肯定回答多用“Yes,please.”或“Ofcourse/Certainly."；其否定回答多用“Pleasedon't."或“No,youmustn't.”。如：一MayIsmokehere?一Yes.please./No.youmustn't.might是may的过去式，可用于间接引语中指过去。如：，Hetoldmethatitmightbetrue.might也可用于指现在，但语气比may较委婉，含义更不确定。如：Thatmightbequiteexpensive.Must1.表示说话人的主观意志，意为“必须”，这种“必须”多出于义务、责任或强制命令。如：Youmustdoityourself.2.表示推测，意为“一定”，语气较肯定，只用于肯定句中。如：Lookatourneighbor'snewcar.Theymustearnalotofmoney.相关链接：对must引起的一般疑问句，作肯定回答佣must,但作否定回答要用needn't。如：--MustIwashtheclothesnow?一Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.must的否定式为mustnot/mustn't,意为“不允许；禁止”。如：Thechildrenmustn'tplayfootballinthestreet.Haveto1.表示客观需要，意为“不得不”。有人称、时态和数的变化。如：HehastowaitforDrWangintheoffice.haveto的否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词do/does/did构成。如：Whydoyouhavetoworksohard?Need用作情态动词时，意为“需要”，主要用于否定和疑问句中。如：Youneedn'tworryabouther.Needyougotoschoolnow?相关链接：need引起的一般疑问旬，其肯定回答要用must,而否定回答要用needn't。如：一NeedItakethecameratoyourhouse?一Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.need还可以作实义动词，除了有人称、时态和数的变化外，其否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词do/does/did构成。如：Heneededtoescape.Idon'tneedanythingspecial.need作实义动词时，后面既可以跟v—ing形式也可以跟动词不定式。Should表示道义上或责任上的“应该”。可用于各种句式。如：Youshouldcallthepohceifyouseesomethingunusual.Youshouldn'tmakesuchafoolishdecision.UnitOneHowoftendoyouexercise?fHowoften+助动词o(does或did)+主语+dosth.?疑问词howoften是问频率（多经常），在这里助动词do（does或did）是起帮助构成疑问的作用Everyday/Onceaweek/Twiceamonth/Threetimesamonth/Threeorfourtimesamonth.Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?第一个do为助动词，在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。Iusuallyplaysoccer.What'syourfavoriteprogram?It'sAnimalWorld.WhatdostudentsdoatGreenHighSchool?第一个do为助动词，在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。Asforhomework,moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.asfor...意思是“至于；关于"，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：Asforhim,Ineverwanttoseehimhere.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。Asforthestory，you'dbetternotbelieveit.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。Theresultsfor“watchTV”areinteresting.Momwantsmetogetupat6:00andplaypingpongwithher.fwanttodosth.意思是“想要做某事"；wantsb.todosth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Doyouwanttogotothemovieswithme?你想和我一起去看电影吗？Theteacherdoesn'twantustoeathamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。Shesaysit'sgoodformyhealth.fbegoodfor...表示“对 有益（有好处）”。其反义为：bebadfor...。（这里for是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：It'sgoodforustodomorereading.多读书对我们有好处。Readinginbedisbadforyoureyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。Howmanyhoursdoyousleepeverynight?Iexerciseeveryday,usuallywhenIcomehomefromschool.Myeatinghabitsareprettygood.这里pretty相当于very。Itrytoeatalotofvegetables,usuallytentoeleventimesaweek.ftrytodosth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思/trydoingsth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事"。如:You'dbettertrydoingtheexperimentinanotherway.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。Myhealthylifestylehelpsmegetgoodgrades.fhelpsb.（to）dosth.帮助某人做某事Goodfoodandexercisehelpmetostudybetter.fhelpsb.（to）dosth.帮助某人做某事/这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级Isherlifestylethesamea乎oursordifferent?=Isherlifestylethesameasyourlifestyleorisherlifestyledifferentfromyourlifestyle?fbethesameas•一/bedifferentfrom•一IthinkI'mkindofunhealthy.kindof=alittle/akindof意思是“一种”Whatsportsdoyouplay?Alotofvegetableshelpyoutokeepingoodhealth.keepingoodhealth=keephealthy=stayhealthyYoumusttrytoeatlessmeat.ftrytodosth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思/less是little的比较级Thatsoundsinteresting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得），get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：Ittastesgood.这味道好。Themusicsoundsverysweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。Thesmokegrewheavierandheavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。UnitTwoWhat’sthematter?What’sthematerwithyou?with为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。Ihaveacold/haveasoreback/haveastomachacheYoushouldliedownandrest/drinkhotteawithhoney/seeadentist/seeadoctor.I’mnotfellingwell.这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替Whendiditstart?Abouttwodaysago.That'stoobad.Ihopeyoufellbettersoon.这里better是well的比较级TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelieveweneedabalanceofyinandyangtobehealthy.这里tobehealthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.toomuch后跟不可数名词，而toomany后跟可数名词复数It'seasytohaveahealthylifestyle,andit'simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.fIt'seasytodosth.做某事容易/It'simportanttodosth.做某事重要Everyonegetstiredsometimes.这里get连系动词，tired是形容词作表语，属系表结构Asorethroatcangiveyouafever.fgivesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.把某物给某人Don'tgetstressedout.It'snothealthy.在这里get是连系动词，stressedout是表语Ihaveatoothache.Ineedtoseeadentist.fneed意思为“需要“，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don't/doesn't/didn'tneed（todosth.）；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn't（dosth.）,除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化Eatabalanceddiettostayhealthy.tostayhealthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语I'mnotfeelingverywellatthemoment.atthemoment=nowUnitThreeWhatareyoudoingforvacation?I'mbabysittingmysister.Whereareyougoingforvacation?Italy.这是现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法，用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情，现在还没有去做。Whoareyougoingwith?I'mgoingwithmyparents.withmyparents是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词aregoing的作用Whenareyougoing?I'mgoingonMonday.Whatareyoudoingthere?I'mgoinghikinginthemountains.Howlongareyoustaying?Justforfourdays.Idon'tlikegoingawayfortoolong.疑问词hwolong是对时间长短或事物的长度提问，在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。Haveagoodtime.=Enjoyoneself.玩得开心、愉快Showmeyourphotoswhenwegetbacktoschool.fshowsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.把某给某人看I'mgoingtoHawaiiforvacation.forvacation是介词短语，在这里作目的状语，起修饰谓语动词的作用What'sitlikethere?这里like是介词，而不是动词CanIaskyousomequestionsaboutyourvacationplans?fasksb.sth.问某人某事BenLambert,thefamousFrenchsinger,istakingalongvacationthissummer!ftakeavacation度彳假HethoughtaboutgoingtoGreeceorSpain,butdecidedonCanada.fthinkabout考虑/decideon决定这里的about和on都是介词“IalwaystakevacationinEurope,“hesaid.“ThistimeIwanttodosomethingdifferent."f(1).wanttodosth.(2).修饰不定代词(something,nothing,anything等)的定语常放在不定代词的后面Heplanstohaveaveryrelaxingvacation.fplantodosth.计划做某事I'mplanningtospendtimeinthebeautifulcountryside.Ijustfinishedmakingmylastmovies.ffinishdoingsth.完成做某事IhearthatThailandisagoodplacetogosightseeing.togosightseeing是动词不定式短语，作agoodplace的后置定语She'sleavingforHongKongonTuesday.fleaveAforB离开A地去B地IwanttoaskyouaboutplacestovisitChina.tovisitChina是动词不定式短语，作places的后置定语I'mplanningmyvacationtoItalythisweekend.toItaly是动词不定式短语，作myvacation的后置定语Whatshouldtouriststakewiththem?withthem是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词take的作用Whereareyouleavingfrom?leavefrom离开某地(注：from是介词)UnitFourHowdoyougettoschool?疑问词how在这里是对方式进行提问Iridemybike/walk/takethesubway.Bybike/bicycle/bus/train/subway/taxi/air/plane/ship/boat.Onfoot.HowdoIgetthere?因there是副词，所以不能说gettothereDon’tworry.Letmelookatyourmap.Ok,first•一,next•一.Then•一.Howlongdoesittake?疑问词hwolong是对时间长短或事物的长度提问Ittakesabout25minutestowalkand10minutesbybus.Howlongdoesttakeyoutogetfromhometoschool?Ittakestwenty-fiveminutes.ftakesb.sometimetodosth.花费某人……时间做某事LinFei'shomeisaboutKilometersfromschool.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?It'sthreemiles.Howfardoyoulivefromschool?Ilive10milesfromschool.疑问词howfar在这里是对距离进行提问Inotherpartsoftheworld,thingsaredifferent.InChina,itdependsonwhereyouare.fdependon视 而定；决定于Thatmustbealotmorefunthantakingabus.InNorthAmerica,notallstudentstakethebustoschool.notall是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的OtherpartsoftheworldaredifferentfromtheUnitedStates.Asmallnumberofstudentstakethesubway.fanumberof=many许多Whatdoyouthinkofthetransportationinyourtown?fthinkof对……有某种看法WhenitrainsItakeataxi.IhaveamapbutinChinese.Ifyouhaveaproblem,youcanaskapoliceman.UnitFiveCanyoucometomyparty?Sure,I'dlove(like)to./I'msorry,Ican't.Ihavetohelpmyparents.Canyouplaytenniswithme?情态动词can在这里起征求对方意见的作用。Ihavetoomuchhomeworkthisweekend.toomuc后跟不可数名词；toomany后跟可数名词复数That'stoobad.Maybeanothertime.Thanksforasking.for介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词Comeandhavefun./Comeandjoinus.OnWednesday,I'mplayingtenniswiththeschoolteam.IhavetostudyformysciencetestonThursday.haveto强调客观原因；而must强调主观原因 一Pleasekeepquiet!I'mtryingtostudy.ftrytodosth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思Doyouwanttocometomybirthdayparty?fwanttodo$士卜.意思是“想要做某事”LiLeiisgoingfishingwithgrandpathewholeday.thewholeday=allday整天Canyoucomeovertomyhouse?I’mfreetill22:00.UnitSixI’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.f主语+动词+形容词比较级别+than+比较对象Asyoucansee,insomewayswelookthesame,andinsomewayswelookdifferent.However,webothenjoygoingtoparties.fenjoydoingsth.=likedoingsth.喜欢做某事LiuLihasmorethanonesister.morethan不止LiuLiandLiuYinghavesomethingsincommon.fincommon（团体）共同的；公有的LiuYingisnotasgoodatsportsashersister.as…as和 一样（其中as…as之间的形容词必须用原级）；它的否定式是：notas（so）…asLiuYingtalksmorethanLiuLi.这里more是much的比较级，而不是many的比较级Bothgirlsgotolotsofparties.lotsof=alotof许多Myfriendisthesameasme.fbethesameas•一与 一样/bedifferentfrom…与 不同Ithinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.fmakesb.dosth.使某人做某事Forme,agoodfriendlikestodothesamethingsasme.fliketodosth.That'snotveryimportantforme•••.What'syouropinion?Shouldfriendsbedifferent