2019年研究生入学考试《外国语专业综合》自命题试题

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题考完后试题随答题纸交回。本试卷由A,B两部分构成；选择题的答案，请考生在答题册上先标明大题，然后再按小题顺序写出小题的阿拉伯数字及相应的最佳答案字母代93个小题，小题连续编号。誊写答案时，请按下列格式：：码号证考准题答要不内5线41.……封Readingcomprehension.密：业专考报：名姓PartA:ComprehensiveEnglish第1页共13页Directions:Inthispart,thereare25sentences,eachwithanunderlinedwordorphrase.FollowingeachsentencearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorexpression.1.Thedoubtwasstillthere,inthedeeprecessofhermind.B.secretplaceC.separationD.distinction3.Westowedallthebooksintheboxesandthenputthemintheattic.A.threwB.rejectedC.debasedD.stashed4.Iamprofoundlygratefulforthisopportunitytoworkwithyou.6.Heendeavoredtoadoptapositivebutrealisticattitudetowardlife.A.stiffenedB.trottedC.strivedD.trudged7.ItshouldalsoteachyouthatlifeisuncertainandfulloftribulationA.sufferingB.experienceC.effortD.distortion8.ThegovernmentonFridayapprovedaBilltooutlawanddissolveallsecretsocieties.A.end9.Asolarcelltakesradiationfromthesunandconvertsitintoelectricity.A.transfersB.transformsC.transportsD.transmits10.ThesreactiontothiswasissuingawritagainstanychildabuseA.documentB.doctrineC.dogmaD.dormant11.Hebegantoassailthemwitheverykindofinvectivehecouldthinkof.A.forumB.insultC.solaceD.abuse12.Asystematicanddeliberateperversionofthetruthisevenharmfulthangossip.A.softened14.Graduallythefogdissipatedasthesuncameup.A.assimilatedB.penetratedC.disappeared15.Withtheomnipresenceofadvertisements,weareallsusceptibletothem.A.vulnerableB.doubtfulC.hostileD.friendly16.Itwaspathetictoseeamantowhomreadingmeantsomuchbecamealmosttotallyblind.A.empatheticB.ungratefulC.pitiableD.indispensable17.Ifeltquiteregrettedforspendingalotofmysalaryonthefrivolous第2页共13页things.A.poisonousB.sillyC.favorableD.desirous18.Over90countrieshaveratifiedanagreementtobantheuseofthesechemicals.A.confirmedB.vetoed19.TVoffersavidviewersthechancetowatchalldaylong.A.greedyB.stupidC.lazyD.keen20.Manyofusdeploredthislackofresponsibilityforchildrensfoodsafety.A.pleadedB.growledC.denouncedD.digestedC.diversifiedD.clarified21.TominventedhiswifesdeathtobilkinsurancecompaniesoutofmillionsA.mislead22.Eachofthemconcededthepointthatthepresentsystemwasunfair.A.projectedB.admittedC.proposedD.accorded23.HisbehaviorhadbeenperturbingmemorethanIhadcaredtoadmit.A.flatteringB.coaxingC.disturbingD.pacifying24.Helovessittingonthelakeside,lookingatthetranquilwateronsunnydays.25.Thisunhappyexperiencemadehimunremittinglyhostiletowardsstrangers.A.remorselyB.irrevocablyC.continuouslyD.unwaveringlyII.Structure.Directions:Inthispart,thereare15incompletesentences.Followingeachsentenceyouwillseefourwordsorphrases,markedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.(15X1=15points)26.HenryDavidThoreausWaldenisathought-provokingaccountoftheauthorsattempttoremovehimselffrom_____.A.thesocietyhedespisedC.thesocietydespised27.Ahockeyplayerrushinguptheice,travelingatmorethan25milesperhourandslappingapuckatmorethan125milesperhour,makesthesport____thanmanyothersports.28.Itisdifficultforreaders____lastpageofFarewelltoArmsbyEarnestHemingwaycouldhavebeenrewritten39times.A.thenoveltoimaginehowtheB.whytoimaginethe29.Architectsinvolvedinbigprojectsmuststudy____abouttheoutsideworldbeforeconceivinganidea.第3页共13页A.clientsthinkC.howtheirclientsthinkB.whetherclientsthinkD.thoughtsthatclients30.AmeliaEarhart,whodisappearedin1937andsetnewspeedrecordsforlong-distanceflyinginthe1930s,____perhapsmorethananyonetoprovethatwomencouldmatchmeninbravery.A.doneB.didC.whodidD.todo31.Theinventioninthe1920softhe____important,becausefromthattimeonthepriceofalightbulbplunged.32.Etymology,____findingoutwhereawordcamefrombystudyingtherootsofwords,hasbeengreatlyassistedbymoderninventionsliketheInternet.33.BlackBoyisanautobiographicalaccountofthechildhoodofRichardWrightandportraysthesufferingofanAfricanAmerican____bigotry.34.TheMonaLisa,paintedinFlorencein1504byLeonardodaVinci,isanamewhichisperhapsmorerecognizabletopeoplethroughouttheworld____ofdaVincihimself.B.thanD.as35.Atthebeginningoftheiceage,theareashumanbeingslivedin____milderandmorepleasanttolive,sincetheyweregenerallylocatednearequator.36.Untilthelate18thcentury,craftsmenwere____madetoys,masteringtheirtradeandcarefullyshapingeachproducthoursbyhand.37.Sunlightduringdawnorduskcomesinatalowerangle,andsinceitcannotescapethedustandpollutionoftheatmosphere____,theskyturnsorangeandthenred.B.canthedaytimesunlightD.aswithdaytimesunlightcan38.Whitephosphorus,asubstance____inmatches,issoflammablethatitburstintoflameuponcontactwiththeair.A.iscommonB.commonC.whichbeingcommonD.beingcommon,is第4页共13页39.Morethananything,whatsavedJamestownwasthehighlysuccessfulcultivationoftobacco,____Indianassistancewithfarmingundoubtedlyplayedamajorpartaswell.40.The3000caloriesyoumighteat____energytoabout6poundsofTNT.III.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.(5X3=15points)41.Evenso,thatwehavefoundourpresentsocietyupondelusionalassumptionsoflimitlessnessiseasyenoughtodemonstrate.42.Thetelevisiongenerationgrewupintheinsistentpresenceofhype,delightsinmuchofit,andhasnoscruplesaboutpracticingit.43.ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure,andbyprecipitatingouryoungpeopleintoapatternofmassmurderitreleasedtheirinhibitedviolentenergies.44.Allofthemaremummifiedwithageandthesun,andallofthemaretiny.Itseemstobegenerallythecaseinprimitivecommunitiesthatthewomen,whentheygetbeyondacertainage,shrinktothesizeofchildren.45.Yetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe,thebeliefthattherightsofmancomenotfromthegenerosityofthestatebutfromthehandofGod.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.(20X=20points)Passage1TheExpressionsofEmotionsPara.1Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?Itturnsoutthattheexpressionofmanyemotionsmaybeuniversal.Smilingisapparentlyauniversalsignoffriendlinessandapproval.Baringtheteethinahostileway,asnotedbyCharlesDarwininthenineteenthcentury,maybeauniversalsignofanger.Astheoriginatorofthetheoryofevolution,Darwinbelievedthattheuniversalrecognitionoffacialexpressionswouldhavesurvivalvalue.Forexample,facialexpressionscouldsignaltheapproachofenemies(orfriends)intheabsenceoflanguage.Para.2Mostinvestigatorsconcurthatcertainfacialexpressionssuggest第5页共13页thesameemotionsinallpeople.Moreover,peopleindiverseculturesrecognizetheemotionsmanifestedbythefacialexpressions.InclassicresearchPaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldtoindicatewhatemotionswerebeingdepictedin.ThosequeriedrangedfromEuropeancollegestudentstomembersoftheFore,atribethatdwellsintheNewGuineahighlands.Allgroups,includingtheFore,whohadalmostnocontactwithWesternculture,agreedontheportrayedemotions.TheForealsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhowtheywouldrespondiftheywerethecharactersinstoriesthatcalledforbasicemotionalresponses.Ekmanandhiscolleaguesmorerecentlyobtainedsimilarresultsinastudyoftenculturesinwhichparticipantswerepermittedtoreportthatmultipleemotionswereshownbyfacialexpressions.Theparticipantsgenerallyagreedonwhichtwoemotionswerebeingshownandwhichemotionwasmoreintense.Para.3Psychologicalresearchersgenerallyrecognizethatfacialexpressionsreflectemotionalstates.Infact,variousemotionalstatesgiverisetocertainpatternsofelectricalactivityinthefacialmusclesandinthebrain.Thefacial-feedbackhypothesisargues,however,thatthecausalrelationshipbetweenemotionsandfacialexpressionscanalsoworkintheoppositedirection.Accordingtothishypothesis,signalsfromthefacialmuscles("feedback)aresentbacktoemotioncentersofthebrain,andsoaperson'sfacialexpressioncaninfluencethatperson'semotionalstate.ConsiderDarwin'swords:"Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions."Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?Para.4Psychologicalresearchhasgivenrisetosomeinterestingfindingsconcerningthefacial-feedbackhypothesis.Causingparticipantsinexperimentstosmile,forexample,leadsthemtoreportmorepositivefeelingsandtoratecartoons(humorousdrawingsofpeopleorsituations)asbeingmorehumorous.Whentheyarecausedtofrown,theyratecartoonsasbeingmoreaggressive.Para.5Whatarethepossiblelinksbetweenfacialexpressionsandemotion?Onelinkisarousal,whichisthelevelofactivityorpreparednessforactivityinanorganism.Intensecontractionoffacialmuscles,suchasthoseusedinsignifyingfear,heightensarousal.Self-perceptionofheightenedarousalthenleadstoheightenedemotionalactivity.Otherlinksmayinvolvechangesinbraintemperatureandthereleaseofneurotransmitters(substancesthattransmitnerveimpulses.)Thecontractionoffacialmusclesbothinfluencestheinternalemotionalstateandreflectsit.Ekmanhasfoundthattheso-calledDuchenne第6页共13页smile,whichischaracterizedby''crow’sfeet"wrinklesaroundtheeyesandasubtledropintheeyecoverfoldsothattheskinabovetheeyemovesdownslightlytowardtheeyeball,canleadtopleasantfeelings.Para.6Ekman’sobservationmayberelevanttotheBritishexpression“keepastiffupperlip”asarecommendationforhandlingstress.Itmightbethata“stiff”lipsuppressesemotionalresponse--aslongasthelipisnotquiveringwithfearortension.Butwhentheemotionthatleadstostiffeningthelipismoreintense,andinvolvesstrongmuscletension,facialfeedbackmayheightenemotionalresponse.47.TheauthormentionsBaringtheteethinahostile”inorderto_____.A.differentiateonepossiblemeaningofaparticularfacialexpressionfromothermeaningsofit.B.supportDarwinstheoryofevolutionC.provideanexampleofafacialexpressionwhosemeaningiswidelyunderstood.D.contrastafacialexpressionthatiseasilyunderstoodwithotherfacialexpressions.50.AccordingtoPara.2,whichofthefollowingwastrueoftheForepeopleofNewGuinea?D.Theytencouragetheexpressionofemotions.51.WhichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentenceinPara.2?A.TheForesfacialexpressionsindicatedtheirunwillingnesstopretendtobestorycharacter.B.TheForewereaskedtodisplayfamiliarfacialexpressionswhentheytoldtheirstories.C.TheForeexhibitedthesamerelationshipoffacialexpressionsandbasicemotionsthatisseeninWesternculturewhentheyactedoutstories.D.TheForewerefamiliarwiththefacialexpressionsandbasicemotionsofcharactersinstories.52.AccordingtoPara3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohuman第7页共13页D.Theywouldbecomemorenegative.53.Accordingtothepassage,researchinvolvingwhichofthefollowingsupportedthefacial-feedbackhypothesis?A.Thereactionsofpeopleinexperimentstocartoons.B.Thetendencyofpeopleinexperimentstocooperate.C.Thereleaseofneurotransmittersbypeopleduringexperiments.D.Thelong-termeffectsofrepressingemotions.54.Thewordrelevant”inPara.6isclosestinmeaningto____.A.contradictoryB.confusingC.dependentD.applicable55.Accordingtothepassage,stiffeningtheupperlipmayhavewhichofthefollowingeffects?D.Itmayeitherheightenorreduceemotionalresponse.Passage2GeologyandLandscapePara.1Mostpeopleconsiderthelandscapetobeunchanging,butEarthisadynamicbody,anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofEarth(about4,500billionyears).Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.Para.2Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Asageneralrule,thehigheramountainis,themorerecentlyitwasformed;forexample,thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold.Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.Today,however,therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)existasthecomparativelylowmountainsofGreenland,thenorthernAppalachiansintheUnitedStates,theScottishHighlands,andtheNorwegiancoastalplateau.Para.3TheEarth'scrustisthoughttobedividedintohuge,movablesegments,第8页共13页calledplates,whichfloatonasoftplasticlayerofrock.Somemountainswereformedasaresultoftheseplatescrashingintoeachotherandforcinguptherockattheplatemargins.Inthisprocess,sedimentaryrocksthatoriginallyformedontheseabedmaybefoldedupwardstoaltitudesofmorethan26,000feet.Othermountainsmayberaisedbyearthquakes,whichfracturetheEarth'scrustandcandisplaceenoughrocktoproduceblockmountains.Athirdtypeofmountainmaybeformedasaresultofvolcanicactivitywhichoccursinregionsofactivefoldmountainbelts,suchasintheCascadeRangeofwesternNorthAmerica.TheCascadesaremadeupoflavasandvolcanicmaterials.Manyofthepeaksareextinctvolcanoes.Para.4Whateverthereasonformountainformation,assoonaslandrisesabovesealevelitissubjectedtodestructiveforces.Theexposedrocksareattackedbythevariousweatherprocessesandgraduallybrokendownintofragments,whicharethencarriedawayandlaterdepositedassediments.Thus,anylandscaperepresentsonlyatemporarystageinthecontinuousbattlebetweentheforcesofupliftandthoseoferosion.Para.5Theweather,initsmanyforms,isthemainagentoferosion.Rainwashesawayloosesoilandpenetratescracksintherocks.Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.Therainseepsundergroundandthewatermayreappearlaterassprings.Thesespringsarethesourcesofstreamsandrivers,whichcutthroughtherocksandcarryawaydebrisfromthemountainstothelowlands.Para.6Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.Itcarriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirsplitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.56.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofchangesinEarth'slandscape?A.TheyoccurmoreoftenbyupliftthanbyerosionB.Theyoccuronlyatspecialtimes.C.Theyoccurlessfrequentlynowthantheyoncedid.D.Theyoccurquicklyingeologicalterms.57.Theword“relatively”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto_____.第9页共13页C.OccasionallyD.Naturally58.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutthemountainsoftheHimalayas?A.Theircurrentheightisnotanindicationoftheirage.B.Atpresent,theyaremuchhigherthanthemountainsoftheCaledonianrange.C.Theywereauniformheightabout400millionyearsago.D.TheyarenotashighastheCaledonianmountainswere400millionyearsago.60.Accordingtoparagraph3,onecauseofmountainformationisthe______.A.effectofclimaticchangeonsealevel63.Theword“them”inPara.6refersto______.A.coldareasB.massesoficeC.valleys64.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentencein?A.Whentheyarerelativelyyoung,hillsandmountainssuccessfullyresistthedestructiveforcesofnature.B.Althoughtheyseempermanent,hillsandmountainsexistforarelativelyshortperiodofgeologicaltime.C.Hillsandmountainssuccessfullyresistthedestructiveforcesofnature,butonlyforashorttime.D.Hillsandmountainsresistthedestructiveforcesofnaturebetterthanothertypesoflandforms.65.AccordingtoPara6,whichofthefollowingisbothacauseandresultoferosion?A.GlacialactivityB.RockdebrisC.TreerootsD.SandPartB:Linguistics第10页共13页Directions:Inthispart,youaregiven20incompletestatements.Pleasemarkthechoicethatbestcompleteseachstatement.(20X1=20points)66.Thefactthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaningiscalled_______.A.DualityC.CreativityB.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness67.WhenAseesBsneezingviolently,hesaid“Blessyou”toB.Inthiscase,A’swordsmainlyperforms______functionoflanguage.68.IfyourEnglishteachersaysYoushouldneveruseadouble-negative,headoptsa______approachtolanguageteaching.69.Amongthefollowing4morphemes,_____isamono-morphemicword.B.dogsD.damn70.Thewayinwhichthewordspeechless”isformediscalledas_____.B.com