DIANA后张板桥开裂的调查起因和维修

FORENSIC

STRUCTURAL

ENGINEERING:INVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES

&

REFURBISHMENT

OFCRACKINGIN

A

POST-TENSION

SLAB

BRIDGEANAIRENE

LOREA–INGENIERÍA

ZERO

S.L.FORENSIC

STRUCTURALENGINEERING:

INVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES

&REFURBISHMENT

OF

CRACKINGINAPOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESCENARIOCURRENT

STAT

E

OF

THE

BRIDGEOPERATING

PROCEDUREHYPOTHETICALCAUSESIDEALISATIONOFTHESTRUCTUREGEOMETRYPOST-TENSIONING

TENDONSREINFORCEMENTSMATERIALSSTAGESMODEL

ISSUESSIMULATION

ANDANALYSISGLOBALRESISTANCESERVICEABILITYLIMITSTATESREFURBISHMENTCONCLUSIONSFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESCENARIO

THEBRIDGEAGETYPOLOGY–12

years–post-tension

concrete

slab

bridgePC-45MPaMAINFEATURES

–curved

in

plan

R=70m–skewed

abutments–structural

concrete

upperspine–h.b

=1.10+0.25+1.05

=

2.40m–L.c=

48.0m–L.a

=37.5m‰

slenderness=L/20‰

apparent

slend.

=L/37FSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESCENARIO

CURRENT

STAT

EOFTHEBRIDGEEXCESIVE

CRACKING

-overpasses

crack

width

limit–bottom

footpath-

abt.2–bottom

deck-

abt.2abt.2footpathdeckFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESCENARIO

CURRENT

STAT

EOFTHEBRIDGE–upperspine

-topface–upperspine

–sideface

abt.2FSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESCENARIO

CURRENT

STAT

EOFTHEBRIDGE–upperspine

-sideface

abt.1FSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOPERATING

PROCEDUREHYPOTHETICAL

CAUSESIDEALISATIONSIMULATIONREFURBISHMENTREPAIRANALYSISFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOPERATING

PROCEDURE-HYPOTHETICAL

CAUSESEARLY

THERMALCRACKcrack

inducer.REINFORCEMENTDIRECTIONnot

orthogonal.CONCRETED

INAUGUSTWITH40

DEGREESdecreaseof

concrete

resistance

(fck

andfct).THESPINEWAS

CONCRETED

INTWO

STAGESconstruction

joint,

partlybonded

usinganepoxyresin.THEFOOTPATH

WAS

EXECUTEDWITH0.50MTHICK

PAVEMENTnot

prescribed

in

the

project.FSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOPERATING

PROCEDURE-IDEALISATION

OF

THESTRUCTURE

-GEOMETRYBIM

MODELFEMMODELFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

-POST-TENSIONING

TENDONSBIM

MODEL32tendons

24strandsFEMMODELFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

-REINFORCEMENTSBIM

MODELFEMMODELEmbebedreinforcementFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

-REINFORCEMENTSFEMMODEL

DETAILSFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

–MATERIALSCONSTITUTIVE

LAWSCONCRETE

‰

TOTA

LSTRAINCRACK

MODEL.

ROTATED.Noinformation

but

the

onesin

theconstruction

project.Mean

values(MC-2010).CompressivebehaviourThorenfeldt

curveTensile

behaviourHordijk

curvef.cm.t00=

63.70MPaFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

–MATERIALSCONSTITUTIVE

LAWSNONLINEARTENSION

SOFTENINGPlain

concreteFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

–MATERIALSCONSTITUTIVE

LAWSSTEEL‰

ISOTROPICPLASTICITY.

STRAINHARDENING.B500S

Reinforcing

SteelY1860SPost-tensioning

SteelReinforcementCarbon

FiberBarCarbon

Fibertendon

CONFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

-STAGES1stSELFWEIGHT

+POST-TENSIONING

FORCES+BEARING

ANCHORAGE2nd3rd4th5th6th7thDEAD

LOADS:

FOOTPATHS

ANDROADWAYFOOTPATHS

DEAD

LOAD

REMOVALSUPPORTOFFOOTPATHS

SLABONABUTMENTSRESTITUTION

OFNEWFOOTPATHS

PAVEMENTUNIFORM

TRAFFIC

LOADGLOBALRESISTANCE-UNIFORM

TRAFFIC

LOADFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

–MODEL

ISSUESREINFORCEMENTLAP

ANDANCHORAGEPerfect

bond

of

reinforcement.Avoid

duplicity

of

laped

bars.Other

possibilityuseof

bond-slip

by

interfaces

butnotpractical

for

many

bars

(3600embebed

reinforcements).FSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEOP-

IDEALISATIONOF

THE

STRUCTURE

–MODEL

ISSUESTRANSVERSEBEAMAT

SUPPORTSLinearelastic

behaviourof

material.Avoid

local

failure

for

the

introduction

oftendon

forces

atanchorages.FSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEGLOBALRESISTANCE

FACTOR

METHOD

MODEL

CODE

20107th

STEPGLOBALRESISTANCE-UNIFORM

TRAFFIC

LOADFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEGLOBAL

STABILITY

-VERTICALDEFORMATION

dz

(m)STAGE

1ST

-8THGLBUNIFORM

TRAFFICLOADROADWAY

–

WITHOUTNEWREINFORCEMENT

5xTRLOADDZ(M)v.s.

STEPS0.00E+00050100150200250300350400-5.00E-02-1.00E-01-1.50E-01-2.00E-01-2.50E-01-3.00E-01-3.50E-01-4.00E-01-4.50E-01-5.00E-01A10-WORFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEVERTICALDEFORMATION

dz

(m)STAGE

1ST

-

8THGLBUNIFORMTRAFFIC

LOADROADWAY

–

WITHOUTNEWREINFORCEMENTFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCECOMPRESSIVESTRESS

STAGE

1ST

-8THGLBUNIFORM

TRAFFICLOADROADWAY

–

WITHOUTNEWREINFORCEMENTFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCECOMPRESSIVESTRESS

STAGE

1ST

-8THGLBUNIFORM

TRAFFICLOADROADWAY

–

WITHOUTNEWREINFORCEMENTFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEPLASTICSTRAIN

STAGE

1ST

-

8THGLBUNIFORMTRAFFIC

LOADROADWAY

–

WITHOUTNEWREINFORCEMENTFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEPLASTICSTRAIN

STAGE

1ST

-

8THGLBUNIFORMTRAFFIC

LOADFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEGLOBAL

VERTICALDEFORMATION

dz

(m)

STAGE

1ST

-

8THGLBUNIF.

TRAFFIC

LOADEXTERIORFOOTPATH

LOADED

–WITHOUT

NEWREINFORCEMENTDZ(M)v.s.

STEPSEXTPAT

H0.00E+00020406080100120-1.00E-02-2.00E-02-3.00E-02-4.00E-02-5.00E-02-6.00E-02-7.00E-02-8.00E-02-9.00E-02-1.00E-01A10-WORFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEREINFORCEMENTPLASTICSTRAIN

STAGE

1ST

-8THGLBUNIFORMTRAFFIC

LOADEXTERIORFOOTPATH

–

WITHOUTNEWREINFORCEMENTFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCECRACK

WIDTH

STAGE

1ST

-8THGLBUNIFORM

TRAFFICLOADEXTERIORFOOTPATH

–

WITHOUTNEWREINFORCEMENTFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEVERTICALDEFORMATION

dz

(m)

STAGE

1ST

-8THGLBUNIFORMTRAFFIC

LOADINNERFOOTPATH

LOADED

–WITHOUT

NEWREINFORCEMENTDZ(M)v.s.

STEPSINNER

PAT

H0.00E+00020406080100120-1.00E-02-2.00E-02-3.00E-02-4.00E-02-5.00E-02-6.00E-02-7.00E-02-8.00E-02A10-WORFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCEREINFORCEMENTSTRESS

STAGE

1ST

-8THGLBUNIFORMTRAFFIC

LOADINNERFOOTPATH

–WITHOUT

NEWREINFORCEMENTFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

GLOBAL

RESISTANCECRACK

WIDTH

STAGE

1ST

-8THGLBUNIFORM

TRAFFICLOADINNERFOOTPATH

–WITHOUT

NEWREINFORCEMENTFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

SERVICEABILITYWITHOUT

NEWREINFORCEMENT–

BOTTOM–CRACK

PATTERN

-fctmind.kupFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

SERVICEABILITYWITHOUT

NEWREINFORCEMENT–

TOP

–CRACK

PATTERN

-fctmind.kupFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

SERVICEABILITYWITHOUT

NEWREINFORCEMENT–

TOP

–CRACK

PATTERN

-fctmind.kupFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGESIMULATION

ANDANALYSIS

SERVICEABILITYREINFORCEMENTSTRESSESFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEREFURBISHMENT

ANDREPAIR

–PROPOSALCARBON

REINFORCEMENTSFEM

SIMULATIONOTHERANALYTICAL

STUDIESTOP

FACE

–RADIAL

DIRECTIONBOTTOM

DECKFACE

–RADIAL

DIRECTIONVERTICAL

THROUGH

THESPINEBIM

MODELFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEREFURBISHMENT

ANDREPAIR

–PROPOSALCARBON

REINFORCEMENTSFRPFIBER

REINFORCED

POLYMERBARS

/TENDONS

BOUND

INANEPOXI

MATRIXSTAGES1st

SELFWEIGHT

+PTFORCES

+ANCHORAGE2nd

DEADLOADS:FOOTPATHS

ANDROADWAY3rd

FOOTPATHS

DEADLOAD

REMOVAL4thSUPPORT

OFFOOTPATHS

SLABON

ABUTMENTSCARBON

REINFORCEMENTS5th

RESTITUTION

OF

NEW

FOOTPATHS

PAVEMENT6th

UNIFORM

TRAFFIC

LOADFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEREFURBISHMENT

ANDREPAIR

–PROPOSALBIM

MODELFEMMODELFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEREFURBISHMENT

ANDREPAIR

–PROPOSALCARBONREINFORCEMENTSTRESSESFSEINVESTIGATIONS,

CAUSES&REFURBISHMENTOFCRACKINGIN

APOST-TENSIONSLABBRIDGEREFURBISHMENT

ANDREPAIR

–PROPOSALCARBONREINFORCEMENTSTRESSESFSEINVESTIGATIO