亚开行-亚洲及太平洋地区促进性别平等的采购：实现公平经济未来的机会

uieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBFundedbytheEuropeanUnionGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTURE,ASIAANDTHEPACIFICThisreportwasjointlycommissionedbyUNWomenandtheAsianDevelopmentBank.uieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBWOMENFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBWOMENFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBWOMENFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBWOMENFundedbytheEuropeanUnionCOPYRIGHT©ADBandUNWomen,20226ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel+63286324444；Fax+63286362444UnitedNationsBuildingRajdamnernNokAvenue,Bangkok,Thailand10200/en/Somerightsreserved.Publishedin2022.DISCLAIMERTheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank[ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent,ortheviewsofUNWomen,theUnitedNationsoranyofitsaffiliatedorganizations.ADBandUNWomendonotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBorUNWomeninpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“country"inthisdocument,ADBandUNWomendonotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea.ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense[CCBY3.0NCIGO)createdforinter-governmentalorganizations:/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADBornon-UNWomencopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit.ADBorUNWomencannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial.Incaseofreproductions,publishersmustdeletetheUNWomenandADBlogofromtheireditionandcreateanewcoverdesign.Ifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBorUNWomenlogo,pleasecontactpubsmarketing@forADBandpublications@forUNWomen.Foralistofanyerrorsoromissionsfoundsubsequenttoprintingpleasevisitourwebsites：GENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFICForeword：GENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTOverthepasttwoyears,theCOVID-19pandemic'ssocio-economicimpactshavehadadevastatingeffectonboththelivesandlivelihoodsofmillionsofwomenacrosstheAsiaandPacificregion.Women'sbusinessesandjobshavebornethebruntoftheregion'seconomicdownturn,withsurveysindicatingastrongshareofsuchbusinessesstrugglingtoovercomethepandemic'simpactsontradeandmarkets.Againstapre-pandemicbackdropofdecliningfemalelaborforceparticipationandgendergapsinbusinessownershipandsurvival,theurgencytobuildourregion'seconomiesbackbetterhasneverbeenmorevital.TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)andUNWomenshareacommonobjectiveofpromotingwomen'seconomicempowermentandgenderequalityintheAsiaPacificregion.Aspartofthisjointcommitment,ADBandUNWomenhavejoinedforcestoidentifyadditionaleffectivemeansofsupportingwomen'sentrepreneurshipandfosteringgender-responsiveenterprises.Gender-responsiveprocurementisanexcitingtoolthatcansupportgovernmentsinthepublicsectorandenterprisesintheprivatesectortostrengthentheirsupportforgenderequality.Buyingfromwomen-ownedbusinessesandpromotinggender-responsivebusinessconductbyprotectingwomen'slaborrightsacrosstheirsupplychainsareprovidingpromisingopportunitiestocreatemoresustainablemarketandtradeprospectsforwomen-ownedbusinessesandtobuildmoregender-responsivesupplychains.ThisbriefaimstoprovidepublicandprivatesectoractorsinAsiaandthePacificwithsomeconcretesuggestionstopursuemoreinclusiveprocurementpractices.Itskeyfindingshighlighttheabsenceofsex-disaggregateddataonwomen-ownedbusinessesinbothprocurementandsupplychains;thelimitedaccountabilityandreportingmechanismsinplaceforbusiness;thegenderedchallengesfacingwomen-ownedbusinesses,includingsize,sectorandpositionwithinvaluechains;andthelowattentiontosupplierdiversityandlimitedinvestmentsinsupportinggender-responsivevaluechains.Thisbriefalsohighlightsgoodpracticesacrosstheregionthatcanbeduplicatedandscaled.AseconomiesinAsiaandthePacificsearchforrenewedgrowthandenhancedeconomicinclusion,nowisthetimeforinnovation.Weverymuchhopethatthisbriefservesasacatalysttoallstakeholdersacrossthepublicandprivatesectors：gender-responsiveprocurementisatimelystrategyforsustainableandinclusiverecoverythatcanalsopromotepositivedevelopmentimpactandregionalcooperation.SamanthaHung,ChiefofGenderEqualityThematicGroup,AsianDevelopmentBankSarahKnibbs,RegionalDirector,a.i.UNWomenRegionalOfficeforAsiaandthePacificuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBWOMENFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBWOMENFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBWOMENFundedbytheEuropeanUnionuieempouierasiaGenderequalitymeansgoodbusinessADBWOMENFundedbytheEuropeanUnionACKNOWLEDGEMENTSUNWomenandADBacknowledgestheNIRAScoreteamfortheirpreliminaryresearchanddatacollectiontoinformthisreport.BernadineBelgrado,CatharinaSchmitz,LucyFerguson,MaecelCayanan,SonyaJetcheva,ThereseRico.ReportCoreTeam：KatjaFreiwald[RegionalProgrammeManagerWeEmpowerAsia,UNWomen),KeikoNowackaSeniorSocialDevelopmentSpecialist[GenderandDevelopment)AsianDevelopmentBank[ADB)TheCoreReportTeamthanksthefollowingindividualsfortheirsupport,commentsandtechnicalinputs：ADB：AnneValkoCelestino,BalajiKothandan,ClaireAngelineLuczon,EmilyBrearly,FrancescoTornieri,GiangThanhNguyen,GulfiaS.Abdullaeva,GulnoraKholova,MairiMacrae,MarieCFrancisco,MayaRostanty,MekhriKhudayberdiyeva,RheaMarieCFrancisco,RianaPuspasari,SaghumyanLusine,SanManMu,TahiraR.GunjialUNWomen：AmyBaum,AnnaGollub,JadeCochran,JocelynChu,SuhelaKhanandViktoriaSmirnovaPrivateSectorPartners：JessyYep-StandardCharteredMalaysia,Jin-YanAngUnileverThailand,NarawadeeModenuch-OLAMThailand,PrasitaManowalailaoandQiRui[Rae)Ni-IBMAsiaPacificADBandUNWomengratefullyacknowledgesalltheparticipantsofworkshopsandwebinars,andstakeholderconsultationsaspartoftheresearchprocess,aswellasvaluablecontributionsduringthepeerreview.SubstantiveEditor:JillGaledeVillaGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFIC3GENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFIC3ContentsTOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"Executivesummary 5Introduction 13Gender-responsiveprocurement：potentialtoaddress\o"CurrentDocument"gendergaps 15\o"CurrentDocument"Gendergapsaffectinggender-responsiveprocurement 15\o"CurrentDocument"Gender-responsiveframework:conceptualframework 17Benefitsandchallengesofgender-responsiveprocurement 19\o"CurrentDocument"Economicandsocialbenefitsofsupplierdiversity 19\o"CurrentDocument"Theme1:Buyingfromwomen-ownedbusinesses 20\o"CurrentDocument"Theme2:Procuringfromgender-responsiveenterprises 23MappingPublicSectorProcurementinAsiaandthePacific 27\o"CurrentDocument"Governmentasanenabler 28\o"CurrentDocument"Governmentasabuyer 32Gender-responsiveprocurementintheprivatesectorinAsiaandthePacific 37\o"CurrentDocument"Theme1:Buyingfromwomen-owned businesses 39\o"CurrentDocument"Theme2:Procuringfromgender-responsiveenterprises 4453KeyRecommendations 4953Bibliography4444AbbreviationsASEANCoSTASEANCoSTGDPGDIFTGREGRPIFCILOKONEPSMSEMSMENMSDCSMEUNWEPsWEPsToolWGEWOBAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(construction)InfrastructureTransparencyInitiativegrossdomesticproductGenderDataandImpactFrameworkandToolgender-responsiveenterprisegender-responsiveprocurementInternationalFinanceCorporationInternationalLabourOrganizationKoreaOn-lineE-procurementSystemmicroandsmallenterprisemicro,small,andmedium-sizedenterpriseNationalMinoritySupplierDevelopmentCouncilsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseUnitedNationsWomen'sEmpowermentPrinciplesWomen'sEmpowermentPrinciples'GenderGapAnalysisToolworkplacegenderequalitywomen-ownedbusinessExecutiveSummaryDefininggender-responsiveprocurementandenterprisesExecutiveSummaryDefininggender-responsiveprocurementandenterprisesExecutiveSummaryDefininggender-responsiveprocurementandenterprisesExecutiveSummaryDefininggender-responsiveprocurementandenterprisesGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFICExecutiveSummaryGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENT(GRP)GRPisanimportantvehicleforenrichingsupplychainsbybroadeningtherangeofsuppliersofgoodsandservicesavailabletobusinessesandgovernmentsandforadvancingwomen'seconomicempowerment.GRPpromotestheprinciplesofbuyingfromwomen-ownedbusinesses(WOBs)toenabletheirequitableaccesstomarketsandbuyingfromgender-responsiveenterprises(GREs)inordertocreatemoregender-responsivevaluechains.

L6Gender-responsiveprocurement(GRP)L6Gender-ResponsiveEnterpriseWoman-OwnedBusinessisdefinedas“thesustainableselectionofservices,goods,orcivilworksthattakesintoaccounttheimpactongenderequalityandwomen'sempowerment."Itisfoundedoninternationalstandards,agreements,andprinciplesrelevanttoimprovinggender-responsiveworkingconditionsandessentialforupholdingwomen'sbasicrightsinthesupplychain.ThisbriefconsidersanexpandeddefinitionofGRPthatincludesbuyingfromWOBsandleveragingthepotentialofbuyingfromGREs,regardlessoftheownership.1Gender-ResponsiveEnterpriseWoman-OwnedBusinessAgender-responsiveenterprise!isdefined,forthisbrief,asonethatmeetscriteriaforintegratinggenderequalityandwomen'sempowermentprinciplesinitspoliciesandpractices,andthatisalignedwithinternationalnormsandstandards,includingtheWomen'sEmpowermentPrinciplesandInternationalLabourOrganizationstandards.2Awoman-ownedbusinessisdefinedbytheInternationalFinanceCorporationforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesasonethathas(1)atleast51%ownershipbywomen;or(2)isatleast20%female-ownedandhas(a)atleastonewomanaschiefexecutiveofficer,chiefoperatingofficer,president,and/orvicepresident;and[b)30%ormorefemalesonitsboardofdirectors,whereaboardexists. UNWomenandtheILO,2001 UNWomenandtheILO,2001Supplierdiversity：aformalprogrammewhichpromotestheprocurementfrombusinessesthatareatleast51percentownedandoperatedbyatraditionallyunderrepresentedorunderservedindividualorgroup. Bateman,BarringtonandDate,2020 Bateman,BarringtonandDate,2020UNGMUNWomenandtheILO,2001UNGMUNWomenandtheILO,2001GENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFIC3GENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFIC3KEYFINDINGSFORASIAANDTHEPACIFIC@ADB/AbirAlThevastmajorityofWOBsaremicro,small,ormedium-sizedenterprises(MSMEs).Smallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)arevitalenginesforgrowthanddynamisminAsiaandthePacific.KEYFINDINGSFORASIAANDTHEPACIFIC@ADB/AbirAlTheycomprisecloseto98percentofallbusinesses,employ60percentofnationallabourforcesacrossmanyAsianeconomies,andcontributeabout20-30percenttonationalGDP.WOBsinAsiaandthePacifichavelargelybeenonthesidelinesoftheregion'sdynamism.Acrosstheregion,approximately60percentofMSMEsareownedbywomen.ButtheoverwhelmingmajorityofMSMEsownedbywomenaremicroenterprises,areinformalenterprises,andstruggletoscaleuporsurviveduetogender-specificchallengesinaccessingfinance,businessskillsandtraining,andmarkets.Conversely,mostlargerbusinessesaremale-owned.Forexample,inFiji,oneofthePacific'slargesteconomies,only12percentofallformalenterprisesareledbyawomanandinVietNam57percentarewomenownedmicroenterprises,42percentareSMEs,1percentarelarge. VietNam,2021 IFC,2016Moreover,theregionhasthelargestglobalSMEfinancinggap,with59percentofthegapattributedtocreditconstraintsfacedbywoman-ownedSMEs.InIndonesia,thegenderfinancinggapisestimatedtobeUS$6billion,andinVietNamitisestimatedtobeat$1.19billion.6, IFC,2017b AccordingtotheGATdatabase,ofthe203AsianandPacificcompaniesthatcompletedtheGATassessmentasof15December2021,78.8%hadnotansweredtheGRP-relatedquestion,demonstratingthatfewofthemhadengagedwiththeconceptofGRP.Globally,thepercentagestoodat79.6%. VietNam,2021 IFC,2016 IFC,2017b AccordingtotheGATdatabase,ofthe203AsianandPacificcompaniesthatcompletedtheGATassessmentasof15December2021,78.8%hadnotansweredtheGRP-relatedquestion,demonstratingthatfewofthemhadengagedwiththeconceptofGRP.Globally,thepercentagestoodat79.6%.TheCOVID-19pandemichasexacerbatedthechallenges.Rapidassessmentsofthepandemic'simpactsonWOBsindicatethatanoverwhelmingmajorityfearthattheirbusinessesmaynotsurvive,withmanyreportingsignificantlossofsales.Astheregionturnstowardseconomicrecoveryandaimsto“buildbackbetter,"GRPoffersthepublicandprivatesectorsaconcretemeanstodosobypromotinggreaterparticipationofWOBs.GRPisalargelyuntapped/invisibleopportunityamongbothprivateandpublicsectors.OftheAsianandPacificbusinessesthatparticipatedinarecentanalysis[theWomen'sEmpowermentPrinciplesGenderGapAnalysisTool[WEPsTool]),overthree-quartersdidnotrespondtoquestionsrelatedtoGRP,indicatingthatfewcompaniesunderstandorareinformedaboutGRPpracticesintheirbusinesses.AndthereareveryfewexamplesofgovernmentsproactivelyintegratingGRPintotheirprocurementsystems.GENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFICWOBsinAsiaandthePacifichavelargelybeenontheside-linesoftheregion'sdynamismAcrosstheregion,98percentofallbusinessesareMSMEs, ADB,2020andMSMEsemployabout60percentofnationallabourforces:approximately60percentofMSMEsareownedbywomen. ADBandTheAsiaFoundation,2018 ADB,2020 ADBandTheAsiaFoundation,2018ButtheoverwhelmingmajorityofMSMEsownedbywomenaremicroenterprises,areinformalenterprises,andstruggletoscaleuporsurviveduetogender-specificchallengesinaccessingfinance,businessskillsandtraining,andmarkets.Conversely,mostlargerbusinessesaremale-owned.Forexample,inFiji,oneofthePacific'slargesteconomies,only12percentofallformalenterprisesareledbyawomaninVietNam,women-ownedSMEsmadeup24percentofallformalenterprises:amongwhich57percentaremicro,42percentareSMEs,1percentarelarge.Womenareunder-representedinleadingthemediumandlargeenterprisesthataremorefrequentlyconnectedtolarger,moreprofitablemarketopportunities. UNESCAP,2020 UNESCAP,2020 UNESCAP,2020 UNESCAP,202035, VietNam,2021.Moreover,theregionhasthelargestglobalSMEfinancinggap,with59percentofthegapattributedtocreditconstraintsfacedbywoman-ownedSMEs.InIndonesia,thegenderfinancinggapisestimatedtobe$6billion,andinVietNamitisestimatedat$1.19billion.37 VietNam,2021.ArangeofmechanismshavebeenputinplacethroughoutAsiaandthePacifictosupportwomen'sentrepreneurship[Box2providesanexample).TheseincludededicatedfinancialproductsandservicesforWOBsandcollectionofsex-disaggregateddatabyfinancialinstitutionsandgovernments.Box2：BangladeshBank：data-basedpoliciesforwomenentrepreneursTheAllianceforFinancialInclusionhasworkedextensivelytobuildthecommitmentofcentralbankstotrackandusesex-disaggregateddata.Forexample,BangladeshBank,aprincipalmemberoftheAlliance,hascollectedandanalysedsex-disaggregatedfinancialdatainordertoadjust代sfinancingpoliciesregardingSMEsandtoestablishguidelinestoensurethatbanksandfinancialinstitutionsinBangladeshwilladequatelyservewomenentrepreneurs.Thebanknowrequiresallfinancialinstitutionsinthecountrytoestablishaseparatewomenentrepreneurs'dedicateddesktoprovidetraininginaccessingfinancingforSMEs.Ithasrequiredthatallfinancialinstitutionsallot15percentoftheirfundstowomenentrepreneursinthatsector.AllmicrofinanceinstitutionsarerequiredtoreportonboardgenderdiversitytoBangladeshBank.38IFC,2016and2017bAllianceforFinancialInclusion,2017GENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFIC39IFC 40UNWomenandUNGCb39IFC 40UNWomenandUNGCbGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFIC39IFC 40UNWomenandUNGCb39IFC 40UNWomenandUNGCbGender-responsiveframework：conceptualframeworkImplementingGRPpresentsanopportunitytohaveanimpactonwomeninsupplychainsacrossAsiaandthePacificbyusingprocurementprocessestoinducesupplierstobecomemoregender-responsive,followingglobalframeworkssuchastheWEPs.GRPpracticescanalsohaveapositiveimpactonthequalityandquantityofwomen'sparticipationinthelabourmarketbypromotinggoodpracticesandcompliancewithinternationallaws.TheGRPapproachadoptedinthisreportisbasedonthebroadeneddefinitionofGRP[Box1).AssessingandadvancingGRPisbasedontwothemes:buyingandprocuringfromWOBsandfromGREs.Theme1：Buyingfromwomen-ownedbusinessesThefirstthemehastwokeydimensions：increasingthenumberandproportionofWOBsinsupplychainsandincreasingtheproportionofprocurementspendingonWOBs.ThelatterisimportanttoensurethatWOBsarenotconcentratedinlow-spendingareasofprocurementandareabletosecurelargerandmoresustainablecontracts.ManygovernmentsandcompaniesinAsiaandthePacificlackaworkingdefinitionofWOBs.Afewgovernmentshavetheirownnationaldefinitions.ResearchforthisreportdeterminedthatthemostcommonlyuseddefinitionacrossthepublicandprivatesectorsisthatoftheIFC：“Anenterprisequalifiesasawoman-ownedenterpriseifitmeetsthefollowingcriteria:n51percentownedbywoman/women；orn20percentownedbywoman/women；and[a)hasn1womanaschiefexecutiveofficer/chiefoperatingofficer/president/vicepresident；and[b)hasn30percentoftheboardofdirectorscomposedofwomen,whereaboardexists.”39Theme2：Procuringfromgender-responsiveenterprisesProcuringfromGREsisanemergingandstillevolvingdimensionofGRP.Thefocusisonencouragingdirectsuppliers(“tier1”)andsuppliersofsuppliers(“tier2”)inthepublicandprivatesectorstoopenlydemonstrateacommitmenttogenderequalityandwomen'seconomicempowerment.Thisinvolveslinkingupwithregulatoryandreportingmechanismsintheprocurementecosystemtoensurethatsuppliersareheldaccountablefortheircommitmentsandthattangibleresultsaremonitoredandregulated.Whileinternationallyrecognizedstandardsforidentifyingandmonitoringgender-responsivebusinessesareyettobeestablished,anumberofexistingframeworkscanguidethispractice.AkeysuchinitiativeistheWomen'sEmpowermentPrinciples(WEPs)establishedbyGlobalCompactandUNWomen.TheWEPsprovideaseriesoforganizingprinciplesforwhatitmeansforabusinesstobegender-responsive.ThisissupportedbytheWEPsTool,afree,confidentialonlineassessmenttoolthatallowscompaniestoidentifycurrentsuccessesandareasforimprovement(seeAppendix).402.Benefitsandchallengesofgender-responsiveprocurement2.Benefitsandchallengesofgender-responsiveprocurementGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTINASIAANDTHEPACIFICANOPPORTUNITYFORANEQUITABLEECONOMICFUTUREASIAANDTHEPACIFIC3Wnnoolrw@UNWomen/ZenNunta、BENEFITSANDCHALLENGESOFGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENTWnnoolrw@UNWomen/ZenNunta、BENEFITSANDCHALLENGESOFGENDER-RESPONSIVEPROCUREMENT2hissectionsetsoutthekeybenefitsofGRPfollowedbythekeychallengesforeffectiveuseofGRPinAsiaandthePacificlookingatthetwokeythemesofbuyingfromWOBsandGREs.2.1EconomicandsocialbenefitsofsupplierdiversityGiventheextentofgovernmentpurchasing[section1.1),itoffersahugeleverfortransformingcurrentmarketdynamicstobecomemoreinclusive.Governmentpurchasingcanadvancefundamentallabour,social,andeconomicrights,whichisessentialfromabusinessandhumanrightsperspectiveandwillincreasinglybeimportantforAsiaandthePacifictoreaptheeconomicbenefitsofinternationaltrade.Box3providesanexampleofpressuretoadvanceGRPinsupplychains.Box3：EuropeanUnionlegislationimpactssupplychainsRecentEUlegislationonduediligenceinsupplychains,alongwithincreasingpressuretoreportonenvironmental,social,andgovernancemeasures,togetherdemonstratethegrowingconcernworldwidefromconsumers,customers,andtradingpartnersabouttheprovenanceofgoodsandservicesinglobalvaluechains.Inthiscontext,GRPprovidesanopportunityforcompaniestodemonstratetheircommitmenttovaluesofequalityandupholdingwomen'slabourrightsandequaltreatmentintheworkplaceinsupplychains.ForthcomingEUlegislationwillaffectprivatesectorcompaniesthatoperateinAsiaandthePacificandthusneedstobeconsideredasakeystrategyforfutureworkonsupplychainoversight.TheEUistheASEAN'ssecond-largestpartner,witha13-percentshareoftheASEAN'stotaltradewiththeworld. EuropeanParliament,2020and2021

EuropeanParliament,2020and2021Forindividualbusinesses,GRPcanbeavehicleforchallenginginequalityacrosstheirvaluechains,withincorporations,andinthebroadereconomyandsociety.Itcanyieldmultiplebusinessbenefits,rangingfromincreasedrevenuesandreducedprocurementspend,greatersupplieravailabilityandresilience,strengthenedbrandloyalty,increasedbusinessreputation,moreinnovationandadaptabilityandimprovedservicedelivery41 UNWomen.2022,“Procurement'sGRPcancomprisepartofthebroadercorporatecommitmenttoequalityanddiversitythatmanytalentedpeopleexpectfromtheiremployers,strategicvalue：Whygender-responsive UNWomen.2022,“Procurement'sstrategicvalue：Whygender-responsiveprocurementmakesbusinesssense."GRPcanenhancebrandreputationandcustomerloyaltyWhenwomenareawarethatacompanysupportsWOBs,theirlikelihoodofpatronizingitsproductsincreases.Onestudyindicatedthat78percentofsurveyedparticipantswouldtrysuchacompany'sproductsorservices,80percentwouldsolidifytheirbrandloyalty,andmorethanhalfwouldgivethecompanyasecondchanceiftheproductorservicefallsshortofinitialexpectations./en/GRPcancomprisepartofthebroadercorporatecommitmenttoequalityanddiversitythatmanytalentedpeopleexpectfromtheiremployers./en/digital-library/publications/2022/04/IncreasingWOBparticipationcanincreaseinnovation,resilience,andproductivityinsupplychainsIncludingawiderrangeofsuppliertypesinasupplychaincreatesamoreinnovative,forward-thinking,andresilientsuppliercurements-strategic-valueWideningthepoolofpotentialsupplierstoincludeWOBscanimproveproductqualityandenhanceinnovation.48That75percentofconsumerspendingworldwide(accountingforanestimated$28trillion)iscontrolledbywomenunderscorestheimportanceofincreasingWOBsinthesupplychain.49Byprovidingmoresourcingoptions,inclusivenesscan