托福基础班托福基础班

托福基础班天津新东方国外部5-6节对信息题讲解Somesoilsarenotoriouslydeficientinmicronutrientsandarethereforeunabletosupportmostplantlife.So-calledserpentinesoils,forexample,aredeficientincalcium,andonlyplantsabletotoleratelowlevelsofthismineralcansurvive.Inmodernagriculture,mineraldepletionofsoilsisamajorconcern,sinceharvestingcropsinterruptstherecyclingofnutrientsbacktothesoil.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatistrueofplantsthatcangrowinserpentinesoil?Theyabsorbmicronutrientsunusuallywell.Theyrequirefarlesscalciumthanmostplantsdo.Theyareabletoabsorbnitrogeninitselementalstate.Theyaretypicallycropsraisedforfood.北极星高级U14U55U69U92植物学文章入门Mineraldeficienciescanoftenbedetectedbyspecificsymptomssuchaschlorosis(lossofchlorophyllresultinginyelloworwhiteleafissue),necrosis(isolateddeadpatches),anthocyaninformation(developmentofdeepredpigmentationofleavesorstem),stuntedgrowth,anddevelopmentofwoodytissueinanherbaceousplant.Soilsaremostcommonlydeficientinnitrogenandphosphorus.Nitrogen-deficientplantsexhibitmanyofthesymptomsjustdescribed.Leavesdevelopchlorosis;stemsareshortandslender,andanthocyanindiscolorationoccursonstems,petioles,andlowerleafsurfaces.Phosphorus-deficientplantsareoftenstunted,withleavesturningacharacteristicdarkgreen,oftenwiththeaccumulationofanthocyanin.Typically,olderleavesareaffectedfirstasthephosphorusismobilizedtoyounggrowingtissue.Irondeficiencyischaracterizedbychlorosisbetweenveinsinyoungleaves.长难句讲解之非谓语动词Thefrequencyofriotrisesdramaticallyastheweathergetswarmer,hittingapeakaround27-30°C.Discoveredintheearly1800sandnamednicotianine,theoilyessencenowcallednicotineisthemainingredientoftobacco.错信息题讲解Thefinalmajorhumancauseofdesertificationissoilsalinizationresultingfromoverirrigation.Excesswaterfromirrigationsinksdownintothewatertable.Ifnodrainagesystemexists,thewatertablerises,bringingdissolvedsaltstothesurface.Thewaterevaporatesandthesaltsareleftbehind,creatingawhitecrustallayerthatpreventsairandwaterfromreachingtheunderlyingsoil.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributingtodesertificationEXCEPT○Soilerosion○Globalwarming○Insufficientirrigation○Theraisingoflivestock环境地理学文章入门Morerecentgeologicstudiesdocumenteddeglaciationandtheexistenceofice-freeareasthroughoutmajorcoastalareasofBritishColumbia,Canada,by13,000yearsago.ResearchnowindicatesthatsizableareasofsoutheasternAlaskaalongtheinnercontinentalshelfwerenotcoveredbyicetowardtheendofthelastIceAge.Onestudysuggeststhatexceptfora250-milecoastalareabetweensouthwesternBritishColumbiaandWashingtonState,theNorthwestCoastofNorthAmericawaslargelyfreeoficebyapproximately16,000yearsago.Vastareasalongthecoastmayhavebeendeglaciatedbeginningaround16,000yearsago,possiblyprovidingacoastalcorridorforthemovementofplants,animals,andhumanssometimebetween13,000and14,000yearsago.长难句讲解之虚拟语气Finlandimposesahightariffontheexportofunprocessedhazelnutinordertodomesticprocessingplants.Ifthetariffwerecancelledandtheunprocessedhazelweresoldatworldmarketprices,morefamerscouldprofitbygrowinghazels.简化句子题讲解TheWhigswerestrongestinthetowns,cities,andthoseruralareasthatwerefullyintegratedintothemarketeconomy,whereasDemocratsdominatedareasofsemisubsistencefarmingthatweremoreisolatedandlanguishingeconomically.○WhigswereabletoattractsupportonlyinthewealthiestpartsoftheeconomybecauseDemocratsdominatedinotherareas.○WhigandDemocraticareasofinfluencewerenaturallysplitbetweenurbanandruralareas,respectively.○ThesemisubsistencefarmingareasdominatedbyDemocratsbecameincreasinglyisolatedbytheWhigs'controlofthemarketeconomy.○TheDemocrats'powerwasgreatestinpoorerareaswhiletheWhigswerestrongestinthoseareaswherethemarketwasalreadyfullyoperating.U110U38U411U610U713地质学AslightlyyoungerfossilformationcontaininganimalremainsistheTommotianformation,namedafteralocaleinRussia.ItdatestotheveryearlyCambrianperiod,anditalsocontainsonlysoft-bodiedforms.Atonetime,theanimalspresentinthesefossilbedswereassignedtovariousmodernanimalgroups,butmostpaleontologistsnowagreethatallTommotianfossilsrepresentuniquebodyformsthataroseintheearlyCambrianperiodanddisappearedbeforetheendoftheperiod,leavingnodescendantsinmodernanimalgroups.天文学文章入门Theplanetsinoursolarsystemfallintotwogroups:theterrestrial(Earth-like)planets(Mercury,Venus,Earth,andMars)andtheJovian(Jupiter-like)planets(Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptune).Plutoisnotincludedineithercategory,becauseitsgreatdistancefromEarthanditssmallsizemakethisplanet'struenatureamystery.修辞题ThePsychodynamicApproach.Theoristsadoptingthepsychodynamicapproachholdthatinnerconflictsarecrucialforunderstandinghumanbehavior,includingaggression.SigmundFreud,forexample,believedthataggressiveimpulsesareinevitablereactionstothefrustrationsofdailylife.Childrennormallydesiretoventaggressiveimpulsesonotherpeople,includingtheirparents,becauseeventhemostattentiveparentscannotgratifyalloftheirdemandsimmediately.Yetchildren,alsofearingtheirparents‘punishmentandthelossofparentallove,cometorepressmostaggressiveimpulses.TheFreudianperspective,inasense:seesusas“steamengines.”Byholdinginratherthanventing“steam,”wesetthestageforfutureexplosions.Pent-upaggressiveimpulsesdemandoutlets.Theymaybeexpressedtowardparentsinindirectwayssuchasdestroyingfurniture,ortheymaybeexpressedtowardstrangerslaterinlife.Freuddescribespeopleassteamenginesinordertomakethepointthatpeople○Deliberatelybuilduptheiraggressiontomakethemselvesstronger○Usuallyreleaseaggressioninexplosiveways○Mustventtheiraggressiontopreventitfrombuildingup○Typicallylosetheiraggressioniftheydonotexpressit推断题Eventhekindofstabilitydefinedassimplelackofchangeisnotalwaysassociatedwithmaximumdiversity.Atleastintemperatezones,maximumdiversityisoftenfoundinmid-successionalstages,notintheclimaxcommunity.Oncearedwoodforestmatures,forexample,thekindsofspeciesandthenumberofindividualsgrowingontheforestfloorarereduced.Ingeneral,diversity,byitself,doesnotensurestability.Mathematicalmodelsofecosystemslikewisesuggestthatdiversitydoesnotguaranteeecosystemstability—justtheopposite,infact.Amorecomplicatedsystemis,ingeneral,morelikelythanasimplesystemtobreakdown.(Afifteen-speedracingbicycleismorelikelytobreakdownthanachild’stricycle.)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph5aboutredwoodforests?Theybecomelessstableastheymature.Theysupportmanyspecieswhentheyreachclimax.Theyarefoundintemperatezones.Theyhavereduceddiversityduringmid-successionalstages.U45U53U67U989人类文明文章入门LivestockalsocamefromoutsideAfrica.CattlewereintroducedfromAsia,asprobablyweredomesticsheepandgoats.HorseswereapparentlyintroducedbytheHyksosinvadersofEgypt(1780-1560B.C.)andthenspreadacrosstheSudantoWestAfrica.RockpaintingsintheSaharaindicatethathorsesandchariotswereusedtotraversethedesertandthatby300-200B.C.,thereweretraderoutesacrosstheSahara.HorseswereadoptedbypeoplesoftheWestAfricansavannah,andlatertheirpowerfulcavalryforcesallowedthemtocarveoutlargeempires.Finally,thecamelwasintroducedaroundthefirstcenturyA.D.Thiswasanimportantinnovation,becausethecamel’sabilitiestothriveinharshdesertconditionsandtocarrylargeloadscheaplymadeitaneffectiveandefficientmeansoftransportation.Thecameltransformedthedesertfromabarrierintoastilldifficult,butmoreaccessible,routeoftradeandcommunication.心理学文章入门Anoffshootofthebiologicalapproachcalledsociobiologysuggeststhataggressionisnaturalandevendesirableforpeople.Sociobiologyviewsmuchsocialbehavior,includingaggressivebehavior,asgeneticallydetermined.ConsiderDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Darwinheldthatmanymoreindividualsareproducedthancanfindfoodandsurviveintoadulthood.Astruggleforsurvivalfollows.Thoseindividualswhopossesscharacteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistencearemorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.Inmanyspecies,suchcharacteristicsincludeaggressiveness.Becauseaggressiveindividualsaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whatevergenesarelinkedtoaggressivebehavioraremorelikelytobetransmittedtosubsequentgenerations.词汇题---练习P8-6（高级）词汇题---练习P8-8（高级）词汇题---练习P27-6（高级）词汇题---练习P46-2（高级）词汇题---练习P47-6（高级）插入句子题---练习P8-9（高级）Thestate’shealthdepartmentsaysthisprogramservesmorelow-incomepeoplebyusingfederalhealth-carefundsandeliminatingfundingforcertaincostlyprocedures.插入句子题---练习P27-9（高级）Thatdidn’tleavemuchmoneyforhousing.插入句子题---练习P66-10（高级）Thiswassurelyduetothefactthat,atthattime,mostAmericansbelievedscienceworkedforthegoodofsoceity.插入句子题---练习P85-11（高级）Shethoughttheymightbeasuninformedabouttheirfamilyrootsasshewasatthatage.插入句子题---练习P106-11（高级）Thecompanybelievesthattheseforeign-bornemployeescanbetterrepresentitsinterestsintheirowncountriesthanemployeesfromtheUnitedStatescan.表格题---练习P169-10（高级）LawmakersLibrarians____________________________________________________________总结题---练习P9-11（高级）Decidinghealth-careprioritiesonthebasisofsurvivalod