山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末学习质量检测英语试题

2022-2023学年度第一学期学习质量检测高二英语试题试卷满分150分考试用时120分钟注意事项：1、答卷前，考生务必将自己的班级、姓名、考号、座号填写在答题卡上。并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考号。2、答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthemanplantogothisyear?A.Europe. B.Asia. C.SouthAmerica.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:AreyougoingtoEuropeforyourvacationthisyear?M:No,wegothereeveryyearandwehavealreadybeentoAsiaacoupleoftimes.ButwehaveneverbeentoSouthAmerica,sowearegoingthere.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Cleanthefloor. B.SitinRow5. C.Dropglassbottles.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Steven.CanyoupleasegoovertoRowFive?Someonedroppedsomeglassbottlesonthefloorandthereisahugemessoverthere.M:Surething,Mrs.Smith.Iwillgocleanthatuprightaway.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shewantstogoswimming.B.Sheisbusywithherproject.C.Shewillhaveatesttomorrow.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Haveyoubeentothenewswimmingpoolsinceitopened?W:Areyoukidding?Tomorrowisthedeadlineformyproject.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Getasparekey. B.Borrowsomebooks. C.Helphisneighbor.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:What’stheproblem?Don’tyouhaveyourapartmentkey?M:It’sagoodthingIleaveaspare(备用的；多余的)keywithmyneighbor.Iamgoingtostopbyandaskhimforit,soIcangetinandgetmybooks.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】HowmanypeoplewillvisitLondonforfree?A.2. B.3. C.4.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:I’msoexcited.M:Anygoodnews?W:JimmyandIgotthechancetovisitLondonwithanothertwopeopleforfree.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Attheman’shouse. B.Inashop. C.Atanexhibition.7.WhichpicturewaspaintedbyGeorgeAnderson?A.TheSwissMountains. B.TheLovelyWindows. C.TheSummerFlowers.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Youhavesomelovelypaintingsforsale.Canyoutellmewhopaintedtheoneinyourshopwindow?It’samazing.M:TheoilpaintingoftheSwissMountains?W:That’sbeautifulaswell.ButImeanttheonebelowit.M:Oh,theSummerFlowers—that’sbyGeorgeAnderson.Look,thereisapictureofhimhereinthemagazine.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whydoesthemanfeelsorry?A.Hedidn’tkeepanappointment.B.Hecan’tlookafterhismother.C.Heistoobusytogotohospital.9.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardtheman?A.Sorry. B.Understanding. C.Thankful.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Helen,Iwanttohaveawordwithyou.W:Isitabouttheappointmentyesterdayevening?Forgetit!Itdoesn’treallymatter.M:ButImustsaysorrytoyou.Ididn’tmeantobreakmyword.Iwasabouttoleavehomewhenmymothersuddenlypassedout(昏迷).Itookhertothehospitalandlookedafterherallnight.ItwasnotuntilthismorningthatIrememberedmydatewithyou.W:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.IssheOKnow?M:She’sallright.ButI’mterriblysorrytohavekeptyouwaitinglastnight!W:Iquiteunderstand.It’snotyourfault,butdon’tforgettocallmeupnexttimeifyoucan’tcome.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatistheproblemwiththewoman’swatch?A.Itneedsanewbattery. B.Itisruinedbywater. C.Itneedscleaning.11.Whatdoesthestoreofferifonechangesabatterythere?A.Anextrabattery. B.Aone-yearguarantee. C.Freecleaningservice.12.Whycan’tthewomangetherwatchbackrightaway?A.Thestorewillclosesoon.B.Shehasn’tgotenoughmoney.C.Themanisverybusynow.【答案】10.A11.B12.C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,mywatchstoppedrunning,andIamnotsurewhat’swrongwithit.M:Well,letmelookatit.Hmm,itseemsthatitjustneedsanewbattery.W:Oh,really?IgotsomewateronitlastweekandIwasafraidthatitmightruinthewatch.Howmuchisanewbattery?M:It’s$5,andwenotonlychangeabatterybutalsoguaranteeitforayear.Andifyouhavethewatchcleanedhere,wecanguaranteeitforanadditional(额外的;附加的)threemonths.W:Thatsoundslikeagooddeal.I’llgetmybatteryhere.Whenwillitbeready?M:UsuallyIcandoitrightawaybutnowI’mrepairinglotsofwatches.Canyouleaveyourwatchhereuntil5pm?W:OKseeyouthen.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whomightthespeakersbe?A.Policeofficers. B.Observers. C.Passengers.14.Whatdidtheoldladysay?A.Shedidn’tseeanything.B.Thetrafficlightsbrokedown.C.Theredcarwasdrivingveryfast.15.Whatwerethekidsdoingwhentheaccidenthappened?A.Crossingthestreet.B.Playingintheirfrontyard.C.Standingonthestreetcorner.16.WhatcausedtheaccidentaccordingtoMr.Bates?A.Theredcar. B.Thedog. C.Thebluecar.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Bob.Didyoutalktoallofthewitnesses(目击者)tothecaraccident?M:Yes.Anoldladywasstandingonthestreetcornerwhentheaccidenthappened.Shesaidthatitwastheredcar’sfault.Itwasdrivingveryfastandthenquicklystoppedwhenthetrafficlightchanged.W:Whatdidthekidssay?M:Thekidswereplayingintheirfrontyard,andtheysaidthattheydidn’tseeanything.W:Didtheneighborsseeanything?M:Oneneighbor,Mr.Jones,saidthathesawadogrunoutintothestreetinfrontofthecar.W:Hmm.Nooneelsementionedadog.DidyoutalktoMr.Bates?Heisthemanwhowassellingnewspapersonthestreetcorner.M:Oh,yeah.Hesaiditwasthebluecar’sfault.W:Really?M:Yeah.Hesaidthatthemaninthebluecarwasn’tpayingattention.Whentheredcarstopped,hedidn’tnoticeuntilitwastoolate.Hewastheonewhohittheredcar.W:Wow!Didtheyallseethesameaccident?Theyallremembersomethingdifferent.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whendoesthevolleyballclubmeet?A.OnThursdayevening. B.OnSundaymorning. C.OnSundayevening.18.Atwhattimedoesthemeetingfinish?A.7:30. B.9:30. C.10:00.19.Whatisthe£30usedfor?A.Heating. B.Hallrental. C.Sweaters.20.Whydoesthespeakerleavethismessage?A.Toarrangeaweeklymeeting.B.Torecommendasportsprogramme.C.ToanswerMarcoTaylor’squestions.【答案】17.A18.B19.B20.C【解析】【原文】M:ThisisamessageforMarcoTaylor.MynameisDavidWilson.I’msorryImissedyourcall.Iknowyouwantsomeinformationaboutthevolleyballclub.Theclubmeetsonceaweek,onThursdayevening.TherearesometimesmatchesonSundaymorning,butthosearejustforourplayers.Ourmeetingsbeginat7:30,andareabouttwohourslong.Mostpeopleliketogethomeintimeforthesportsprogrammeontelevisionatteno’clock.WemeetinJubileeHall,justintheParkStreet.Thehalldoesn’thaveverygoodheating,soyou’llneedtobringasweatertoputonafterwards.Thehallisquiteexpensivetorentsoweneedtopay£30eachweek.Ihopethisanswersyourquestionsandwe’llbeverypleasedtoseeyouatournextmeeting.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AToday’smodemtravelersarejourneyingfurthertoexploreEuropeoffthebeatentrack,andbringinghomenewskillsandexperience.Hereare4ideasforanunusualholidayinEurope.VolunteerinTransylvaniaTransylvaniaisatopchoiceforanunusualEuropeancitybreak,withwonderfullypreservedmedieval(中世纪的)townsandcastlesthatinspiredthefamousnovelDracula.Inaddition,youcantakeyourunusualholidayexperienceevenfurtherbyvolunteeringinEasternEurope’slargestbearreserveandworkingwithbears.TeachskiinginAustriaAustriaisoneofEurope’stopskiingdestinations.Ifyou’relookingforamoreunusualwaytospendwinterholiday,whynotconsidertrainingtobeaskiinstructorthere?You’llgainaqualificationthatisrecognizedworldwide,andthisprogrammeincludesaguaranteedpaidinstructorjobataskiresort(旅游胜地)onceyouhavefinishedyourtraining.GodivinginSpainForaEuropeanholidaywithadifference,takepartinaplasticcleanupprojectbasedinBarcelona,helptoemptyplasticwasteintheMediterraneanSeaandmakeadifferenceasyoutravel.Thisvolunteerprojectcombinesdivingwithcollectingplasticorotherwastefromthewater,alongsidegivingyouthechancetoexplorethecity.ExploreTuscanyonhorsebackTuscany,oneofthebestplacesinEuropetoexploreonhorseback,haswitnessedasharpincreaseintravelers.TherearevariousactivitiesthatcombinesightseeingwithbasichorseridinglessonsandyoucanstayinRenaissancevillas(文艺复兴风格的别墅)andfarmhouses.Youdon’tneedtohaveanyexperienceforhorseridingholidays,andtheyareabrilliantalternativetoyourtypicalguidedtour.21.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestdoinginTransylvania?A.Helpingtocareforbears.B.Findingajobinthecastle.C.ReadingthenovelDracula.D.Visitingitsmodernbuildings.22.Wherecanyouearnmoneywhiletraveling?A.Transylvania. B.Tuscany. C.Spain. D.Austria.23.WhatdoweknowabouthorseridingholidaysinTuscany?A.Theysuitexperiencedriders.B.TheyareuniquetoTuscany.C.TheyaregrowinginpopularityD.Theyfeatureatypicalguidedtour:【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了欧洲的四个不同寻常的旅游度假胜地。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据题干中的Transylvania可将解题信息定位至VolunteerinTransylvania部分。根据该部分中的“youcantakeyourunusualholidayexperienceevenfurtherbyvolunteeringinEasternEurope’slargestbearreserveandworkingwithbears.”（你可以通过在东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者和与熊一起工作来进一步体验你不同寻常的假期经历。）可知，作者建议游客在特兰西瓦尼亚旅行时去东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者，帮忙照顾熊。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据TeachskiinginAustria部分中的“thisprogrammeincludesaguaranteedpaidinstructorjobataskiresort(旅游胜地)onceyouhavefinishedyourtraining.”（这项计划包括一个有保证的在滑雪胜地的付费教练工作，一旦你完成了你的训练。）可知，游客在奥地利可以接受培训成为一名滑雪教练，一旦培训结束就可得到有报酬的教练工作。因此如果你想在旅行的同时挣一些钱，你可以去奥地利。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据ExploreTuscanyonhorseback部分中的“Tuscany,oneofthebestplacesinEuropetoexploreonhorseback,haswitnessedasharpincreaseintravelers.”（托斯卡纳，欧洲最适合骑马探险的地方之一，见证了游客的急剧增加。）可知，托斯卡纳是骑马度假的胜地之一，来这个地区游玩的游客数量激增。由此可推知，托斯卡纳的骑马度假越来越受欢迎。故选C项。BLocalauthoritiesandfirefightersintheUnitedStatesarealwaysonthelookoutfornewandcreativemethodstohelpcontrolwildfires.Especiallyduringthehotanddrysummermonths,thousandsofwildfirescausedamagetoforestseveryyear.ThecityofWestSacramentoinNorthCaliforniahasfoundacreativesecretweapontohelpdealwiththisphenomenon:goats.Thesefriendlyanimalshavebeenassistingthecitywithwildfirepreventionandfirerisksbyeatingweeds,drygrassanddeadtrees.Whenthegoatseatthethingsthatarelikelytocatchfire,theypreventtheproblemfromhappening.Wildfiresoccurnaturallywhendryplantsareignited(点燃)bythesun’sheatandcatchonfire.However,mostwildfiresarecausedbyhumancarelessness,includingunattendedcampfires,cigarettesandotherflammableobjects.Thebeststrategytobattlethefiresandminimizethedamageistoattempttoremovethefuelthatenablesthespreadoftheflames,inthiscasethedryweeds,treesandplants.Ifthethingsthataremostlikelytocatchfirearegone,thefireislesslikelytospread.Theloveablegoatsareabletoreachdifficultareasthatpeoplearenotabletoaccess.About400ofthesegoatscancleartwoacresperday.Theyevenfertilize(使肥沃)thearea,anaturalandfreesideeffectofeatingallthosedryplants.Firefightersandgovernmentofficialscannotbehappierwiththeresults.“Forus,thecombinationofturningtogoatsforhelpwiththequickfireresponseisaneffectivemethodofkeepingourneighborssafefromdisastrouswildfires,“saidassistantFireChiefKhariHelae.”Withclimatechangeandthefactthatourvegetationisbeingaffectedbecauseofclimatechange,it’snecessarytofocusonourfuelreductionprogram.”24.Howdogoatsassistthecityindealingwithwildfires?A.Byidentifyingthefuelinforests. B.Byconsumingdryplants.C.Byleadingfirefighterstofiresources. D.Byeatingupgreentreeleaves.25.Whatcanwesayaboutthenewmethod?A.Itiscomplexbutrewarding. B.Itcausesdamagetolocalland.C.Itiswellacceptedworldwide. D.Itisenvironmentally-friendly.26.WhatcanbelearnedfromKhariHelae’swords?A.Hespokehighlyofthenewmethod. B.Hewasdissatisfiedwithfireresponses.C.Hewasoptimisticaboutclimatechange. D.Heconsideredfuelreductionimpractical.27.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GoatsHelpKeepWildfiresUnderControl B.FirefightersAreBeingGraduallyReplacedCDisastrousWildfiresNeedtoBeControlled D.AnimalsAreFightingAgainstClimateChange【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国的一个城市找到了一个有助于控制野火的秘密武器——山羊。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thebeststrategytobattlethefiresandminimizethedamageistoattempttoremovethefuelthatenablesthespreadoftheflames,inthiscasethedryweeds,treesandplants.Ifthethingsthataremostlikelytocatchfirearegone,thefireislesslikelytospread.(与火灾作斗争并将损失降至最低的最佳策略是试图移除使火焰蔓延的燃料，在这种情况下是干燥的杂草、树木和植物。如果最容易着火的东西都没有了，火势就不太可能蔓延。)”可知，山羊会吃掉可能会引发火灾的干枯的植物，从而防止野火发生。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theyevenfertilize(使肥沃)thearea,anaturalandfreesideeffectofeatingallthosedryplants.(它们甚至会给该地区施肥，这是食用所有这些干燥植物的自然而免费的副作用。)”可推断，这个方法对环境是有益的。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。通读最后一段KharHelae所说的话“Forus,thecombinationofturningtogoatsforhelpwiththequickfireresponseisaneffectivemethodofkeepingourneighborssafefromdisastrouswildfires,(对我们来说，向山羊寻求帮助与快速火灾反应相结合，是保护我们的邻居免受灾难性野火伤害的有效方法，)”可知，KharHeae认为将依靠山羊控制野火和快速应对野火相结合是一个有效的方法，面对气候变化，人类更应该着眼于减少火源。由此可推断，KhanHelae高度赞扬依靠山羊控制野火这一创新的方式。故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“ThecityofWestSacramentoinNorthCaliforniahasfoundacreativesecretweapontohelpdealwiththisphenomenon:goats.(北加州西萨克拉门托市发现了一种创造性的秘密武器来帮助解决这一现象：山羊。)”可知，文章主要介绍了山羊是如何帮助控制野火的。所以“GoatsHelpKeepWildfiresUnderControl(山羊有助于控制野火)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。CWhenyoustartworkingonsomethingbutdon’tfinishit,thoughtsoftheunfinishedworkcontinuetojumpintoyourmindevenwhenyou’vemovedontootherthings.PsychologistsrefertothispsychologicalphenomenonastheZeigarnikeffect.TheeffectwasfirstobservedbyaRussianpsychologistnamedBlumaZeigarnik.WhilesittinginabusyrestaurantinVienna,shenotedthewaitershadbettermemoriesofunpaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexactdetailsoftheorders.Inoneofherstudies,participantswereaskedtocompletesimpletaskssuchasputtingtogetherpuzzles,orsolvingmathproblems.Halfoftheparticipantswereinterruptedhalfwaythroughthesetasks.Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey’dbeenworkingon.Shediscoveredthatthosewhohadtheirworkinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytorememberwhattheyhadbeendoingasthosewhohadactuallycompletedthetasks.Wecanusethiseffecttoouradvantage.Forexample,ifyou’restrugglingtomemorizesomethingimportant,momentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthansimplyremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesandthentakeabreak.Whileyou’refocusingonotherthings,you’llfindyourselfmentallyreturningtotheinformationyouwerestudying.Weoftenputofftasksuntilthelastmomentonlycompletingtheminarushatthelastpossiblemoment.Unfortunately,thistendencycanleadtoheavystressandevenpoorperformance.OnewaytoovercomethisistoputtheZeigarnikeffecttowork.Startbytakingthefirststep,nomatterhowsmall.Onceyou’vebegun，butnotfinishedyourwork,you’llfindyourselfthinkingofthetaskuntil,atlast,youfinishit.Youmightnotfinishitallatonce,buteachsmallstepyoutakeputsyouclosertoyourfinalgoal.28.WhatdoestheZeigarnikeffectreferto?A.Waiterstendtohavegoodmemories.B.Onceinterrupted,onewillforgetthingseasily.C.Mostpeoplecan’tfocusononethingforalongtime.D.Peoplerememberunfinishedtasksbetterthancompletedones.29.Whatwerealltheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?A.Describetheirtasks. B.Expresstheirfeelings.C.Testtheirintelligence. D.Designsimpleactivities.30.HowshouldwestudyaccordingtotheZeigarnikeffect?A.Repeatoverandoveragain. B.Divideupourstudysession.C.Focusonseveraltasksatatime. D.Haveenoughrestbeforestudying.31.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Howtogetridofheavystress.B.Whyweshouldsetafinalgoal.C.Howtobreakthehabitofdelayingwork.D.Whywealwayscompletetasksinarush.【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一种常见的心理现象—蔡加尼克效应。这种心理现象对我们的生活与学习有诸多启示。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中WhilesittinginabusyrestaurantinVienna,shenotedthewaitershadbettermemoriesofunpaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexactdetailsoftheorders.(当她坐在维也纳一家繁忙的餐馆里时，她注意到服务员对未付订单有更好的记忆。然而，一旦账单被支付，服务员就很难记住订单的确切细节。)和第二段的Shediscoveredthatthosewhohadtheirworkinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytorememberwhattheyhadbeendoingasthosewhohadactuallycompletedthetasks.(她发现，那些工作被打断的人比那些实际完成任务的人更有可能记住他们所做的事情)可推断，蔡加尼克效应指人们对于尚未处理完的事比已处理完成的事情印象更加深刻。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey’dbeenworkingon.可知，Zeigarnik要求参与者描述他们一直在做什么。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的ifyou’restrugglingtomemorizesomethingimportant,momentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthansimpleremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesandthentakeabreak.（如果你在努力记住一些重要的东西，短暂的中断实际上可能对你有利。不是简单地一遍又一遍地记住信息，而是复习几遍，然后休息一下.）可推断，我们应该分几个时间段学习。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段的OnewaytoovercomethisistoputtheZeigarnikeffecttowork.（克服这一问题的一种方法是使蔡加尼克效应发挥作用。）以及下文讲述的实施过程可知，本段主要告诉我们如何有效利用蔡加尼克效应来改善拖延症。故选C。DThereseemstobealotoftalkthesedaysaboutwhatisfair,andwhatisnot.Mostpeopletendtobelievelifeshouldbefair.Someofthe99%seemtobelievelifehassomehowtreatedthemunfairly,andsomeofthe1%feellifehasn’ttreatedthemfairlyenough.Myquestionsarethese:Whatisfairness?Islifefair?Shouldlifebefair?Weclearlyhavenochoiceabouthowwecomeintothisworld.Wehavelittlechoiceearlyinlife.Butaswegrowolder,choicesabound.Ihavelongbelievedthatwhilewehavenocontroloverthebeginningofourlife,themajorityofushavetheabilitytoinfluencetheoutcomesweattain.Fairnessisastateofmind,andmostoften,anunhealthystateofmind.Ourstateinlifecannot,oratleastshouldnot,beblamedonourparents,ourteachers,oroursociety—it’slargelybasedonthechoiceswemake,andtheattitudesweadopt.Lifeisfullofexamplesoftheuneducated,thementallyandphysicallychallengedpeoplebornintowar-tornareas,whocouldhavecomplainedaboutlifebeingunfair,butwhoinsteadchoseadifferentpath.Regardlessofthechallengestheyfaced,theyhadthecharactertochoosecontributionovercomplaint.Iagreethatchallengesexist.Iagreethatmanyhaveanuphillbattleduetotheseverityofthechallengestheyface.WhatIdisagreewithistheattempttousefairnesstosolveallproblemsintheworld.Rulesandordersdon’tcreatefairness,butpeople’sdesireanddeterminationcanworkaroundmostlifechallenges.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouarebornwithasilverspoon,plasticspoon,ornospoonatall.AfriendofminecametothiscountryfromAfricainhislateteens,barelyspokethelanguage,droveacabwhileworkinghiswaythroughcollege,andisnowthepresidentofatechnologyservicesfirm.Storiessuchasthisareallaroundus-theyarenotmiracles,noraretheytherareexception.Theydo,however,demonstrateblindnesstothemindsetofthefairness.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abound”inParagraph2mean?A.Changefully. B.Remainthesame.C.Existinnumbers. D.Disappearcompletely.33.Whatopiniondoesthewriteragreewith?A.Mostofuscaninfluencetheresultsweachieve.B.Ourbackgrounddeterminesourchoices.C.People’sdesireanddeterminationcreateunfairness.D.Weshoulddependonfairnesstosolveallproblems.34.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthetext?A.Topromoteeffortsovercomplaint.B.Tostresstheimportanceoffairness.C.Toshareaninspiringstoryofafriend.D.Toprovethatfairnessisastateofmind.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FairnessIsJustice B.LifeIsNotFair—DealWithItC.FairnessComesFirst D.FairnessCreatesChances【答案】32.C33.A34.A35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者讨论了公平问题，阐述了人生没有绝对的公平，但要勇敢面对不公平的道理。【32题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Wehavelittlechoiceearlyinlife.(我们在人生的初期几乎没有选择。)”说明人生的初期没有选择，相对而言，人生的后期就有了选择，从而推知划线词句“Butaswegrowolder,choicesabound.(但随着年龄的增长，我们的选择abound)”其中划线词汇应为“有了（选择），有更多（的选择）”的意思，选项C“大量存在”与之意义最为接近。故选C项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ihavelongbelievedthatwhilewehavenocontroloverthebeginningofourlife,themajorityofushavetheabilitytoinfluencetheoutcomesweattain.(我一直相信，虽然我们无法控制生命的开始，但我们大多数人都有能力影响我们所取得的结果。)”可知，作者认为我们大多数人都能影响我们所取得的结果。故选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中“Regardlessofthechallengestheyfaced,theyhadthecharactertochoosecontributionovercomplaint.(不管他们面临的挑战是什么，他们都有选择贡献而不是抱怨的品格。)”可知，文章的主要目的是要告诉人们要努力进取而不是抱怨。故选A项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouarebornwithasilverspoon,plasticspoon,ornospoonatall.(无论你是含着银汤匙，塑料汤匙，还是根本没有汤匙出生的都没关系。)”以及“Storiessuchasthisareallaroundus-theyarenotmiracles,noraretheytherareexception.Theydo,however,demonstrateblindnesstothemindsetofthefairness.(这样的故事在我们身边随处可见——它们不是奇迹，也不是罕见的例外。然而，他们却确实证明了他们对公平思维模式的无视。)”等内容可知，本文用身边的事例阐述了人生中没有绝对的公平，但我们要勇敢面对不公平的道理。选项B符合文章主题，故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Somepeoplecryduringmovies,whileothersonlytearupforverysadorhappymoments.Sometimes,weevencryrandomly.____36____Eachhasitsownjobandflowsfromyourtearducts(泪腺)foradifferentreason.____37____Butifyoutearupfrequentlyfornoreason,itmightbeasignofaseriouscondition.Ifyounoticethatyou’recryingeverydayduringnormalactivities,youmayhavedepression.Ifyouthinkyouhavedepression,talktoyourdoctorrightawaytofindtherighttreatmentforyou.Ifsomeonebeginstocryinfrontofyou,yourreactionmaycomefromthediscomfortyoufeelinthissituation.Thoughyoumaynotmeanto,yourresponsecouldcausethepersonwhoiscryingtofeelweak,embarrassed,orlessunderstood.Insteadofrushingtocheeracrieruporofferimmediatehelp,sometimesit’sbesttogiveapersonspacetocry.____38____Ifyou’rearoundsomeonewhoiscrying,respecttheirtears.Letthemrelease(释放)theirfeelingsandshowthemyoucare.Don’trushtoofferadviceortosayanythingatall.Givethemspacetoprocessandreleasetheirtears.____39____Letthemthinkandorganizetheirthoughts.Acceptthewaytheyrespondinthemoment.Don’tpushthemtofeeladifferentway.It’sbestnottoholdinemotionsallthetime.____40____Ifyouneedtocontrolacry,trytoholdbackyourtearsjustuntilyou’reinabetterplaceforthem.Thiswayyouwon’tsuppress(压抑)youremotionsaltogether.A.Don’ttalktoomuch.B.Wecrydifferenttypesoftears.C.Thenhowcanwedealwithcrying?D.Cryingcanbenormalincertainsituations.E.Sometimestearsareneededtoprocessemotion.F.Weshouldpayattentiontoyouremotionalproblems.G.However,sometimesit’simportanttoholdbacktears.【答案】36.B37.D38.E39.A40.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人们会因为不同的原因而流泪，在某些情况下，哭泣是正常的。但如果你经常无缘无故地流泪，这可能是一种病情严重的征兆。那么应该如何对待流泪呢？本文提出了一些行之有效的方法。【36题详解】根据上文“Somepeoplecryduringmovies,whileothersonlytearupforverysadorhappymoments.Sometimes,weevencryrandomly.(有些人会在看电影时哭泣，而有些人只会在非常悲伤或快乐的时候流泪。有时候，我们甚至会随意地哭泣)”以及后文“Eachhasitsownjobandflowsfromyourtearducts(泪腺)foradifferentreason.(每一种都有自己的功能，并且出于不同的原因从你的泪腺流出)”可知，空前讲有时候我们会莫名其妙地哭；空后讲每种(眼泪)都有自己的职责，并出于不同的原因从你的泪腺流出。故B项“我们会流出不同类型的眼泪”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。【37题详解】根据后文“Butifyoutearupfrequentlyfornoreason,itmightbeasignofaseriouscondition.Ifyounoticethatyou’recryingeverydayduringnormalactivities,youmayhavedepression.Ifyouthinkyouhavedepression,talktoyourdoctorrightawaytofindtherighttreatmentforyou.(但如果你无缘无故地频繁流泪，这可能是一种严重状况的迹象。如果你发现自己每天在正常活动时都在哭，你可能患有抑郁症。如果你认为自己患有抑郁症，请立即与你的医生交谈，以找到适合你的治疗方法)”可知，空后讲但如果你经常无缘无故地流泪，这可能是病情严重的一种征兆。如果你发现自己每天日常生活中都在哭泣，你可能患有抑郁症。故D项“在某些情况下，哭泣是正常的”引出下文，符合语境。故选D。【38题详解】根据上文“Ifsomeonebeginstocryinfrontofyou,yourreactionmaycomefromthediscomfortyoufeelinthissituation.Thoughyoumaynotmeanto,yourresponsecouldcausethepersonwhoiscryingtofeelweak,embarrassed,orlessunderstood.Insteadofrushingtocheeracrieruporofferimmediatehelp,sometimesit’sbesttogiveapersonspacetocry.(如果有人开始在你面前哭，你的反应可能来自你在这种情况下感到的不适。虽然你可能不是故意的，但你的反应可能会让哭泣的人感到虚弱、尴尬或不太被理解。与其急于让哭泣的人振作起来或立即提供帮助，有时最好给一个人哭泣的空间)”可知，空前讲有时候，不要急着让一个哭的人高兴起来或立即提供帮助，最好给他哭的空间。故E项“有时候情绪是需要用眼泪来处理的”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。【39题详解】根据上文“Ifyou’rearoundsomeonewhoiscrying,respecttheirtears.Letthemrelease(释放)theirfeelingsandshowthemyoucare.Don’trushtoofferadviceortosayanythingatall.Givethemspacetoprocessandreleasetheirtears.(如果你身边有人正在哭泣，尊重他们的眼泪。让他们释放他们的感受，并表示你的关心。不要急于提出建议或说任何话。给他们处理和释放眼泪的空间)”以及后文“Letthemthinkandorganizetheirthoughts.Acceptthewaytheyrespondinthemoment.Don’tpushthemtofeeladifferentway.(让他们思考并组织自己的思想。接受他们当时的反应。不要强迫他们有不同的感觉)”可知，空前讲给他们空间来处理和缓解他们的眼泪；空后讲让他们思考和组织他们的想法。故A项“不要说太多话”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。【40题详解】根据上文“It’sbestnottoholdinemotionsallthetime.(最好不要一直压抑自己的情绪)”以及后文“Ifyouneedtocontrolacry,trytoholdbackyourtearsjustuntilyou’reinabetterplaceforthem.Thiswayyouwon’tsuppress(压抑)youremotionsaltogether.(如果你想控制自己的哭泣，试着忍住眼泪，直到你在一个更好的地方去面对它们。这样你就不会完全压抑自己的情绪)”可知，空前讲最好不要总是压抑(自己的)情绪；空后讲如果你需要控制哭泣，试着忍住眼泪，直到你找到更适合(哭泣)的地方。故G项“然而，有时候忍住眼泪是很重要的”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thetrainhadbeenlongdelayed.Runningoutof____41____,Andyputdownhisbookandlookedout.Hefoundthe____42____atonce:itwasraininghard.Helaydownandfellasleepbutwassoonwokenupbyawoman.Shehandedhimhisbagand____43____thatithadslippedtothefloor.Hegratefullytookitbackandopenedit,____44____toseehi