汉语言对比lecture02-exe.英汉词义对照比较

02．ContrastivestudybetweenEnglishand lexicalmeaningDegreeofsemanticcorrespondencebetweenEnglish ThreepatternsofsemanticcorrespondencebetweenEnglishandSemanticWords’meaninginEnglishandareequivalenttoeachotherinanysituation.Theymainlyincludespecialnouns,terminologies,andnamesofthingsindailylife.Forexample:TheU．S．StatecomputationalThePacificSemanticnon-SomewordsinEnglishandareequivalentinmeaninginpartial.Theyincludetermsofaddressandsomepolysemes.Forexample:酒山土敲借赢拿门闻鼠SemanticSomewordsonlyexistineitherEnglishor.Thesewordsareculturespecific.Therearenocounterpartsintheotherlanguage,sotheyarecalledcultureboundwords.Forexample:(超过军事目的的)过度力（系资产喧染核““五角大楼文件”泄密后白宫设立的专门机构。“plumber”原意“铅管工”，用以指，系借用“铅管工”堵漏、Qi龙YinandYangThebeginningofConnocationalPolysemesarestronglycontextualized.Theyhavedifferentmeaningindifferentcontexts.Generallyspeaking,Englishwordsshowstrongerconnocationalpowersthanwords.Example1:(1)(设施等)无asoftabovegroundlaunchingTherecordhasbeenconsideredsofteversinceitwassetlastMay.自从五月份创造了这个记录(2)(宇宙飞船的着陆)飞行速度在32公Thelandingmustbesuper-soft，madeatavelocityof18orsoanhour.这次着陆一定是超级的软着18英里左右。(3)(麻醉)毒性Marijuanaisusuallyregardedassoft通常被看作是软性(较轻的)麻醉(4)(等)非百分Atthisstage,thereisonlysoft-inligenceabouttheenemyintention.WeshouldnotshootfromtheExample2:(1)towreckbeyondrepairAnearlierPOWreturneewasgivenanewCorvettbyaDenverdealerandtotaleditthenextmonth.早些时候回国的一名战俘从丹佛的一个经售商处弄到了(2)togeteven同作清算；DidyouatleasttotaltheguythathitExample3:(1)Thetwobuildingsarevery(2)Don’ttreatmelikea(3)Likeenough，theshipwillarriveinport(4)Likeknows(5)IhopeIcandrivethecarlikeyou(6)1don’tlikeExample4:(1)Heisastraight(2)Putyourroom(3)Shekeeps(4)Theaccountsare(5)Theyvotedthestraight(6)Shewentstraighthomewithoutgoingto(7)Hewastallandstraightandclear-eyedand(8)Heisfairlystraightwith(9)Thisisaverystraight(10)There'salotofthingswe'vegottoget(11)Thanksforsettingme(12)IbelieveIamthinking(13)HekeepsastraightSemanticdifferencecausedbydifferencecognitive qualificationsandReligion：MyLaw：daughterinTimeInEnglishand，timeconceptareoppositetoeachother. 后， 前， 前， 后，Lastweek/month/quarter/Fromthistimeforward，Iwillworkharder.从这以后我将Intheyearsahead,wewillmakemoreefforts.在未来的岁月里…Anewlifelayaheadofme.新的生活就面。Hesawbeforehimanidylliclife.WordSomephrasesinhavewordsoppositeinmeaningtotheircounterpartsin车EnglishexpressionstendtobemoreeuphemizedthantheirDifferenceinTickthecorrectversionfortheEnglishversionversionSweetDryAnoldWhitenGuineaThick-EnglishversionEnglishversionlongroomconvenientinstantpuppyearlywhitepolarTranslatethefollowingsentencesinto.PayattentiontotheunderlinedEnglish((English)(2)Wearegettingaheadofthe(3)Sixyearslater,Thoseintheuppertenpercentallwenttocollege,whilenota ofthelowerten ecollege(4)IfyouarebornintoanAmericanfamilyrankinginthetoptenthof e,chancesareoneinthreethatyou’llstaythere.Ifyouarebornintoafamilyinthebottomtenth,however,chancesarelessthanonein200thany