正文内文献引用的APA格式要求

附件4:正文内文献引用的 APA格式要求(1)一件作品或多件作品的引用：Ithasbeenarguedthatteachers?roleistoprovidethestudentswithoptimalconditionswhichcanfacilitatelearningsothatstudentscanachievesimilarsuccessfulresults(Bloom,1976,pp.12-16).Gagne(1977,pp.38-41)alsonoticedthatadultlearnerswerelessaffectedbyexternalinstructionevents.Theadvantageof themultipleregressionanalysisisthatitcannotshowthecomplexinterrelationsbetweenindependentvariables(Bryman&Crammer,1990,pp.135-139).StudiesofthegoodIanguagelearner(forexample,Naiman,Frohlich,Stern,andTodesco,pp.49-52)havetriedtoidentify thestrategieswhichsuccessfullearnersuse(firstcitation)(Ellis,1994,p.37).Naimanetal.(1978,pp.49-52)foundasimilarrelationship,althoughinthiscase ,effort?onthepartofthelearnerswasalsoassociatedwithinstrumentalmotivation(subsequentcitation)(Ellis,1994,p.512).(2)同一括号里多件作品的引用：Empiricalstudiesonstudentlearningcarriedoutsincethe70?shavefound thatstudents?learningoutcomestoagreatextentdependontheirchoiceoflearningapproaches(Biggs,1987).Themajorfindingfromtheearlierstudies(Barley,1969,1970; Clementetal.,1978;Gardner& Lambert,1972; Gliksman,1976;Spolsky,1969)wasthatlearnerswithanintegrativemotivationtendedtoobtainbetterachievementthatthosewithan instrumentalmotivation.(注意引用作品的排序)(请认真对照附件 6)附件5:正文内文献引用的MLA格式要求(1)一件作品或多件作品的引用：Ithasbeenarguedthatteachers?roleistoprovidethestudentswithoptimalconditionswhichcanfacilitatelearningsothatstudentscanachievesimilarsuccessfulresults(Bloom12-6).Gagne(38-41)alsonoticedthat adultlearnerswerelessaffectedby externalinstructionevents.Theadvantageofthemultipleregressionanalysisisthatitcannotshowthecomplexinterrelationsbetweenindependentvariables(BrymanandCrammer135-9).StudiesofthegoodIanguagelearner(forexample,Naiman etal.49-52)havetriedtoidentifythestrategieswhichsuccessfullearnersuse(Ellis37).Naimanetal.(49-52)foundasimilarrelationship,althoughinthiscase ,effort?onthepartofthelearnerswasalsoassociatedwithinstrumentalmotivation(Ellis512). (注意：MLA格式不加年代，只加作者姓和页码，没有逗号)(2)同一括号里多件作品的引用：Empiricalstudiesonstudentlearningcarriedoutsincethe70?shavefoundthatstudents?learningoutcomestoagreatextentdependontheirchoiceoflearningapproaches(Biggs,EmpiricalStudies;LearningStrategies) (注意：这里的下划线表示作者的两篇不同作品，我们现在统一用斜体代替下划线)Themajorfindingfromtheearlierstudies(Barley;Clementetal.;Gardner&Lambert;Gliksman;Spolsky)wasthatlearnerswithanintegrativemotivationtendedtoobtainbetterachievementthatthosewithaninstrumentalmotivation. (注意引用作品的排序)InTheAgeofVoltaire,theDurantsportrayeighteenthcenturyEnglandasaminorforceintheworldofmusicandart(214-48). (注意：文内已出现作者名，括号里就只要加页码)(请认真对照附件 7)附件6:参考文献APA格式要求按先英文后中文排序；字号比正文小一号打印；标点统一用半角状态；标点后统一空一格(汉语文献与英语文献类同，见下面示例)；书目格式按APA格式排列，但英文书名用斜体析出，不必用下划线析出。现将主要参文献条目排列要求举例如下，以供参考：.专著、论文集、学位论文、研究报告：作者.(出版年).文献题名(pp.起止页码).出版地:出版者.如：Dancygier, B.(1998).Conditionals andprediction: Time,knowledge,andcausationin conditionalconstructions(pp.56-89).Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Fauconnier,G.,&Sweetser,E.(1996).Spaces,worlds,andgrammar.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress.Iwanska,L.(1996).Towardaformalaccountofcontext-dependencyandunderspecificityofnaturalIanguage.PapergivenatAAAISymposiumonComputationalImplicature.Berkeley:BerkeleyLinguisticsSociety.Roulet,E.etal.(Eds.).(1985).L'articulationdudiscoursenfrancaiscontemporain. Berne:PeterLang.Sweetser,E.(1996).Mentalspaceandthegrammarofconditionalconstruction.InG.Fauconnier&E.Sweetser(Eds.).Space,worlds,andgrammar(pp.318-333).Chicago&London:UniversityofChicagoPress.Welker,K.(1994).Plansinthecommonground:Towardagenerativeaccountofimplicature.UnpublishedDoctoraldissertation,OhioStateUniversity.•期刊文章：作者.(出版年).文献题名.期刊名称，期，起止页码.如：徐盛桓.(2004a).充分条件的语用嬗变 .夕卜国语，38(3),11-19.徐盛桓.(2004b).逻辑与实据一英语 IF条件句研究的一种理论框架 .现代外语，28(4),331-339..报纸文章：文献作者.(出版日期).文献题名.报纸名.版次.女口：谢希德.(1998).创造学习的新思路 .人民日报.25Dec.pp.10.(汉语参考书目可使用 12-25,pp.10)网上文献：作者.(发表日期).文件名.出版信息(如电子期刊名、或出版名称) .登陆查看日期.网址.McCracken, E.(1997).Desiderata.Boldtype[On-line]. 7May,1997.Available:HYPERLINKn/read.article$197 (注意：有两个时间，前者是作品发表时间， 后者是参考者登陆时间。)Seaman,D.(Ed.).(n.d.).Theelectronictextcenter.AldermanLib.,UofVirginia[On-line].14Feb.1997./(n.d.表示nodate，即时间不清)Coates,S.(1996).AdeadIanguagecomestolifeontheinternet[On-line].NewYorkTimesontheWeb.20.Apr.1997.Available:http://www.nye/web/docsroot/library/cyber/week/1028Latin.htmlPascal,B.(1910).Pensees.Trans.W.F.Trotter.[On-line].29Apr.1997.Available: HYPERLINK:.R10010/02/130/1Cacicedo,Al.(n.d.).Privateparts:Preliminary notesforanessayongenderidentityinShakespeare.Workingpaper.[On-line]. 27Aug.1997.Available:HYPERLINKhttp:lish/iemls/shak/private_parts.txt .(这里发表时间无，可省略)编著、译著、文学作品、字典及其他辞海.(1999).上海:上海辞书出版社.多利莫尔.(2001).莎士比亚：文化唯物主义与新历史主义.王逢振.2000年新译西方文论选(pp.237-238).桂林:漓江出版社.莎士比亚.(1989).莎士比亚全集.朱生豪译.北京:人民文学出版社芝诺？科西多夫斯基 .(1992).新约的传说.张会森译.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社附件7:参考文献MLA格式要求按先英文后中文排序；字号比正文小一号打印；标点统一用半角状态；标点后统一空一格（汉语文献与英语文献类同，见下面示例）；书目格式按MLA格式排列， 但英文书名用斜体析出， 不必用下划线析出。 现将主要参文献条目排列要求举例如下，以供参考：.专著、论文集、学位论文、研究报告：作者.文献题名.出版地:出版者，出版年，起止页码（如文内已列明，则省） •如：Dancygier,Bob.ConditionalsandPrediction:Time,Knowledge,andCausationinConditional Constructions.Cambridge:CUP,1998.Fauconnier,Gilles,andEvenSweetser.Spaces,Worlds,andGrammar.Chicago:UofChicagoP,1996.Iwanska,Long. “TowardaFormalAccountofContext-DependencyandUnderspecificityofNaturalLanguage. ”PapergivenatAAAISymposiumonComputationalImplicature.BerkeleyLinguisticsSoc.,19-21Jan.1996.Roulet,Evan,etal.,eds.L'ArticulationduDiscoursenFrancaisContemporain.Berne:PeterLang,1985.Sweetser,Even. “MentalSpaceandtheGrammarofConditionalConstruction. ”Ed.G.Fauconnier&E.Sweetser.Chicago&London:UofChicagoP,1996. （注意，MLA要求论文集和期刊论文用引号；论文集名目在这里不是作为头条书目，故不必标出；页码如在文内已经标出，故参考书目里不必再标出）Welker,Kant.Plans“intheCommonGround:TowardaGenerativeAccountofImplicature. ”Diss.OhioStateU,1994..期刊文章：作者.“文献题名.”期刊名称+卷.期号+（出版年）:起止页码.如：徐盛桓.“充分条件的语用嬗变 .”外国语38.3（2004a）:11-9.徐盛桓.“逻辑与实据一英语 IF条件句研究的一种理论框架 .”现代外语 28.4（2004b）:331-9.Barthelme,Frederick.“Architecture.”KansasQuarterly13.3-4（1981）:77-80. （13.3-4是指13卷3、4期合刊）.报纸文章：文献作者.“文献题名.”报纸名出版日期：版次.女口：谢希德.“创造学习的新思路.”人民日报 25Dec.1998:10.（汉语书目可考虑使用 1998-12-25:10）网上文献：作者.“文件名.”出版信息（如电子期刊名、或出版名称） .发表日期.登陆查看日期.网址.McCracken, Even. “Desiderata.”Bo