定语从句讲解及练习课件-高三英语二轮复习

定语从句Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,someof____Ihadevermetbefore.AthemBwhoCwhomDtheseAperson_____e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhoeverThey’vewontheirlastthreematches,_____Ifindabitsurprisingactually.AthatBwhenCwhatDwhichI’vereachedapointinmylife_____Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.AwhichBwhereChowDwhyThehouseIgrewup_____hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.AinitBinCinthatDinwhich6.Thebossin_____departmentMr.Kingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhose小试牛刀：CCDBBD定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Thegirlbehindthetree

isKate.

Themandrivingtoofast

wasadrunk.定语从句放在主句中的某一名词或代词之后，起修饰限定或补充说明作用的从句叫定语从句。例：Thegirlwhoisbehindthetree

isKate.

Themanwhowasdrivingtoofast

wasadrunk.Helentmesomemoney,whichisverygenerousofhim先行词和关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词、关系词/引导词{对等}

代替

Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.

先行词＝关系词

bike关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。定语从句的引导词：关系代词：who,whom,which,that,

as,whose关系副词：when,where,why如何区分关系代词和关系副词？

在选择引导词时，最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分，若从句中缺主语、宾语或表语，那么必须要用关系代词；若从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语，那么必须要用关系副词。Doyoustillrememberthedays______wespentinQingdao?Doyoustillrememberthedays______wespentthesummerholidaysinQingdao?that/which/省略when试比较：关系代词的使用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。

that指人或物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（作宾语时可省.）

1)Haveyoufoundthebike

thatyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebike

whichyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulost?

2)Sheisthegirl（that/who/whom）

Iwentwiththere.2.which

指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。

(which

与that

指物时可以互相代替，that更常见。）

1)Hisfatherworksinafactory

that

makesTVsets.Hisfatherworksinafactory

which

makesTVsets.

2)Thefilmthat

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm

which

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm

省略

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.3.who指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom是宾格,只能作宾语。(that也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)Thegirlswhoweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.Thegirls

thatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.

2)Heknewtheteacher

whowemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacher(that)wemetyesterday.4.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Sheisthegirl

whomIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirlwith

whomIwentthere.SheisthegirlthatIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirl省略

Iwentwiththere.注意:

固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词

介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,

和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)3)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.Herearethepicture-booksthatthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-bookswhichthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-booksthechildrenarelookingfor.As引导定语从句1、当先行词前有such\thesame\as连用，用as代指物在从句中做主语或宾语ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday2、在非限制性定语从句中：①表示的意思是正如、正象②其引导的定语从句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。

ThePacificisthelargestocean,asweallknow.Asweexpect,wewonthegame

Whose引导定语从句

在定语从句中作定语，先行词既可指人，也可指物。例如：Theclassroom,whosedoorsfacethesouth,isours.MybestfriendTom,whosefatherisapoliceman,oftenhelpsmewithmyhomework.注意：whose兼做who和which的所有格形式，因此指人时，whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom

或=ofwhom+the+n.

指物时，whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich

或=ofwhich+the+n.Theclassroom,whosefacethesouth,isours.=thedoorsofwhich/ofwhich

thedoorsfacethesouth,isours.例如：Thiskindofbookisforchildren,whosenativelanguageisChinese=thenativelanguageofwhomisChinese关系副词的用法：

关系副词和关系代词一样，在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。

关系副词有三种：

where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.(on/in/at…which)

when:

在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/in…which)

why:

在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。thereasonwhy

关系副词的用法：

1.where的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）

Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayed

=Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.

＝Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.

＝Thehotel

which/thatwestayedatwasn’tclean

＝Thehotel

关系词略westayedatwasn’tclean.atthehotel.Westayedthere.先行词关系词＝高考中where的考察需注意一：地点的模糊化（或抽象的地点）先行词常为situation,case,point,activity,position,job等。It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation

theycanseethemselvesdifferently.thatB.whenC.whichD.whereDTheaccidenthadreachedtoapoint_____boththeirparentsaretobecalledin.AwhichB.thatC.whereD.whenC高考中where的考察需注意二：Where引导定语从句可放在介词from的后面，表示更加精确的地点。1、from后面本身就可以接介词短语表示精确的地点，如：

AdogjumpedoutfromunderthetableAvoicecamefrombehindme2、Lookoverthere,somepeoplearestandingunder

thebigtree,

fromwheretheycanenjoythewholeview.

fromwhere=fromunderthetree的用法：（先行词应是表示时间的名词）

I’llneverforgettheday.

+IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.从句1.Afriendofminefrom_____IwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.AhowBwhomCwhenDwhich

2.ShewenttoJapan2yearsago,since_____Ihaven’theardfromher.AitBwhichCwhenDthatCC的用法：

常用于reason的后面。

The

reason

________I’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.Thereason________heexplainedtomeisunbelievable.(which/that)why限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号分开。例如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.

2.非限制性定语从句同主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充的说明，不起限制的作用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。

LastweekImetJohn,whoseemedtobeveryexcited.

区别：1、前者不用逗号，而后者用逗号隔开；2、前者可用that代替which/who/whom,而后者不用that；3、前者引导词做宾语时可省略，而后者不能省略引导词。其他需要注意的几点：Flowersofwarisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthat____beenmadebyDirectorZhangYimou.(have/has)TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththat_____seenfromthemoon.(is/are)注意1、先行词为oneof+复数名词时，定语从句用复数；先行词为theonlyoneof+复数名词是，定语从句用单数：注意：nottheonlyoneof…=oneof…如：Tomisn’ttheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.=Tomisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.注意2、当先行词为way,且意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有三种形式:Thewaythat/inwhich/不填

heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand试比较：Thewaythat/which/不填

heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway_______hesaidit.AwhichBhowCthatDwhichCThisisthesecondtime_____hehasvisitedourcity.AthatBwhichCwhenDinwhichA注意3、当先行词为time时，意思为“次数”，用关系代词that,做宾语