2015年全国高考英语试题及答案

2015一、Whattimeisit B. C.WhatdoesthewomanthinkoftheIt’s B.It’s C.It’sWhatwillthemanAttendameeting.B.Givea C.LeavehisWhat’sthewoman’sopinionabouttheToo B.Worth C.VeryWhatdoesthewomanwantthemantoSpeak B.Apologizeto C.TurnontheHowlongdidMichaelstayinFive B.One TwoWheredidMichaelstaylast B. C.WhatdoesSally B. C.WhatarethespeakersgoingtoCook B.GoshopC.OrderWherearetheIna B.Inthe C.At Whenisthereport B. C.NextWhatdoesGeorgesuggestStephaniedowiththeImprove B.Handitinlater.LeaveitwithWhat’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthe and B.Patientand C.HusbandandWhatkindofapartmentdothespeakersOnewithtwo B.Onewith C.OnenearaHowmuchshouldonepayforthetwo-bedroom B. C.WhereistheapartmentthespeakerswouldliketoOnLake B.OnMarket C.OnSouthWhatpercentageoftheworld’steaexportsgotoAlmost B.About C.AboutWhydoteatasterstasteteawithMostBritishpeopledrinkthatTeatastesmuchbetterwithTeawithmilkisWhosuggestsapriceforeachTea B.Tea C.TeaWhatisthespeakertalkingThelifeofteatasters. B.AfternoonteainBritain. C.TheLondonTeaTradeThenumberofsmokers, isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinthepastoneyear.A. B. C. D.Schoolsshouldbelivelyceswhereindividualsareencouragedto totheirgreatestpotential.A. B. C. D.–Jim,canyou- ?I’vebeenworkingtwoweeksonA.Why B.Why C.What D.SoMuch sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytrappedbyA.being B.having C. D.to LiHua,agreatpoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,but….A. B. C. D.Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgo fullycoveredinthickclothes.A. B. C. D.Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogrammesto thecountry’sSilkRoadEconomicA.apply B.cater C.appeal D.Itmighthavesavedmemuch theA.didI B.haveI C.doI D.hadIThewholeteam Donald,andheseldomletthemA.wait B.focus C.count D.callThereasonwhyprices andstillaretoohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorycanexinthisproblem.A. B.will C.have D.hadTheofficersdecidedtoconductathorough,and reviewoftheA. B. C. D.Someschoolswillhavetomake inagreementwiththenationalsocialA. B. C. D.–Whydidn’tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthday--Well,youknow A.anearly B.awet C.alucky D.atoughManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbe ThomasA.thanks B.regardless C.aside D.but–Goandsaysorrytoyourmom,--I’dliketo,butI’mafraidMomwouldnotaccept A. B. C. D.IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel’sbooksincollegeandwashookedonhispositivityfromthemomenton.Thestoriesofhisunconventional36andtheexceptionalpatientshewroteaboutwereso37tomeandhadsuchabig38onhowIsawlifefromthenon.WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoBernieandhisCDsagainto myowncancerI’m

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43,IhadoneofDr.booksinmyhand.Anotherpatient44whatIwasreadingandstruckupawithme hehadoneofhisbooks…well.It thatamongotherthings,hewasaneighty-one-year-oldwriter.Hewas apublishedauthor,andhewascurrently onanewWewouldseeeachotheratvarioustimesand friends.Sometimesheaduckhat,andIwouldlmyself,hewasdefiniya(n) ofDr.Bernie.Hereallyputa51onmyface.He y52lastyearduetohis heleftadeepimpressiononme….The54 topickupmypenagain.I tomyself,“Ifhecandoit,thensocanI.”learngogetrefercarriedworkedprovedturnedsshowedsetfellpassedAVisitorArrivewithnothingthatcanharmNewIfyouarearrivingfromoverseas,bringnofood,animalorntmaterialintothecountry.IfindoubtdeclareittoCustoms.ProtectntsandNeverallowdogsorotherpetstorunlyinareasofnestingbirds,otherwildlife,orwheresignposted.GetridofAlwaysgetridofyourrubbishproperlyandrecyclewaste(e.g.glass,paper)whereBeconsideratewithotherIfusingaportabletoiletalwaysthrowawayyourtoiletwasteataproperwastestation.Inthebackcountry,buryyourtoiletwasteinashallowholeawayfromKeepNewZealand’swaterBecausesoapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways,becarefulyourwashingdoesn’tpollutethesealakesandTakecarewithAlwaysobservedistrictfirebans.Becarefulifyousmokeorhaveanoutdoorfireorbarbecue,makesureashesarecoldbeforeleaving.Camp icWhencam icking,usefacilitiesKeeptotheKeeptothetrack,whereoneexists,soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileBeWhendriving,minimizenoiseandobservenosmokingAccordingtoVisitorCode,visitorscould 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C.withcautionandD.withattentionandWhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewTakeyourowncamBuryglassfarawayfromFollowthetrackforthesakeofObservesignstoapproachnestingBIntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandaldigitalassistants.TheelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasaElectronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalsrelativelysmallincomparisontotraditionalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalwashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringElectronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachine…andtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecycledprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackagingitcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts---aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste---allresultingreenhouserelease.Individualscanmakecontributionsbycreatinglesswasteat…buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountries,theconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstce?ernmentsincentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyprocessshouldbebasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibletodealwiththebubblewrap(气泡垫)thatencasedyourevision?Fromtheernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromtheernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.By…theSwissstudy,theauthorintendedtol theweightofe-goodsisrathere-wastedeservestobemadegoodusenaturalmaterialscontainsmorepreciousthepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-Theresponsibilityofe-waste…transfer fromproducers B.fromernmentstoC.fromindividualsto D.from WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkTheincreaseine- B.Thecreationofe-C.Theseriousnessofe- D.Themanagementofe-CSupposeyouealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestsinthework.Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetstarted.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpressalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiencesandtodevelopsocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeetthoseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofopportunitygiven,someschoolshavelaunchedvolunteerprogrammes.Unlike….can…people’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome.”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.“IvolunteerbecauseI’mpreparedtodoso.”)Whenthathappens,peopleelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivityamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowedvolunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionsasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsupportyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteers…themwithstrategiesfor…withtheproblemtheyexperience.”Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasestimatedthatthosepeople…theroleofvolunteer…partoftheiral…bemorelikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichsocialrolemattersbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringathospitalsisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfocusedapositivecohesion(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthsoftimepeoplecontributedtovolunteer.These…again,leadtoconcreteadvice.“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,efforttofocusondevelovolunteerrole….”Peoplevolunteermainlyout A.academicrequirements B.socialexpectations C.financialrewards D.internalWhatcanwelearnfromFloridaFollowupstudiesshouldlastforoneVolunteersshouldgetmentallyVolunteertrainingisamustinVolunteersareprovidedwithconcreteWhatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirindividualdifferencesinrole B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerC.Roleidentityasa D.PracticaladvicefromWhatisthebesttitleoftheHowtogetpeopleto B.HowtostudyvolunteerC.Howtokeep D.Howtoorganizevolunteers’Ddomanddom’schallengeinthedigitalAgeisaserioustopic.WearefacingtodaystrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithSome2,500yearsagoGreecediscovereddom.Beforethattherewasnodom.Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnodomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.InGreece,inAthens,alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyedifmenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasdom.Theyweresavedfromlookedattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAtheniansnotbecauseitwasdonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.TheessentialbeliefofthefirsternmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityfortheButdiscoveringdomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeople…it,andworkforit,itwillgo.…isitsprice.…wasachangethattookcewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeaspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenians’prideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirmind.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfrongherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.Whatpeoplewantedwasaernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem,andwiththisastheprimaryobject,ideasofdomandself-relianceandresponsibility…tothepointofdisappearing.AthenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoAthensreachedthepointwhenthedomshereallywantedwasdomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult…burdenofself-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobe.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayfordom.Itistobehadonotherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility,shereachedtheendofdomandwasnevertohaveitagain.But,theexcellentesthepermanent,Aristotlesaid.Athenslost,butdomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadisonreferredto“Thecapacityofmankindforself-ernment”.NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butonceamanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompleylost.ThedigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatwaythoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingout…onlysurethatitwilldososometime.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”tyrannies”inParagraph2referCountrieswheretheirpeopleneedPowerfulstateswithSplendidstateswherepeopleenjoyEmpiresruledwithabsolutePeoplebelievingindomarethose regardtheirlifeastheirownregarddomastheirprimarybehavewithinlawsandvaluetreatotherswithkindnessandWhatchangeinattitudetookceinTheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirTheAtheniansnolongertookprideintheTheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfrom TheAthenianslookedon ernmentasaWhatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult”inParagraph5AthenswouldcometoanAthenswouldceasetohavedomwouldcomefromdomwouldstopAthensfromself-WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandTheauthorishopefulaboutTheauthoriscautiousaboutself-TheauthorisskepticalofGreeceTheauthorisproudoftheman’sWhatistheauthor’sunderstandingofdomcanbemorepopularindigitaldommaycometoanendinthedigitaldomshouldhaveprivacyoverdomneedstobeguaranteedbyPeopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,andNewsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue.”Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld. individual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthre