Units9、10被动语态点拨训练-冀教版英语九年级

冀教版九年级Units9-10被动语态解析与训练【重点难点解析】英语中，语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的施动者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。如：PeoplespeakEnglish.(人们讲英语。)——主动语态Englishisspokenbypeople.（英语被人们所讲。）——被动语态1．被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，变化规则与其作为连系动词时完全一样。如：Hewasinterviewedbythelocalnewspaper.(肯定句)Washeinterviewedbythelocalnewspaper?(疑问句)Hewasn’tinterviewedbythelocalnewspaper.(否定句)2．主动语态变为被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；（2）把主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态；（3）主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by短语可以省略。例如：Weplayfootballinourschool.Footballisplayedbyusinourschool.3．初中阶段要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和情态动词的被动语态，它们的具体构成如下：(1)一般现在时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，如：Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.(2)一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词，如：Theseflowerswerewateredbythemyesterday.(3)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词，如：Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.另外，含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。一般是将表示人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。例如：Mymothergavemethepresentyesterday.（主动语态）（间接宾语）（直接宾语）变为被动语态：（1）Iwasgiventhepresentbymymotheryesterday.(2)Thepresentwasgiventomebymymotheryesterday.特别值得注意的是：在把表示物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，通常要依据动词的不同在间接宾语前加介词to或for。最后，英语中许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应该注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。如：Wemusttakegoodcareofthesebabies.(主动语态)→Thesebabiesmustbetakengoodcareofbyus.(被动语态)4．被动语态常用于下面几种情况：我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或只需要强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：Theolderpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.(必须有礼貌的和年长人讲话。)【习题训练】根据上面讲解，完成下面单项选择()1.Schoolboys_____nottosmoke.A.alwaystellB.arealwaystoldC.aretoldalwaysD.mustalwaystold()2.Allthebooks_____tothelibraryattheendofthisterm.A.mustreturnB.mustbereturnedC.canreturnD.mayreturn()3.Canthesemagazines_____outofthereadingroom?takeB.bringC.betakenD.bebrought()4.Themanisindanger.Agooddoctormust_____atonce.sendB.sendforC.besentD.besentfor()5.English_____allovertheworld.A.isspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.hasspoken()6.Thelittleboywasmade_____alldaylongonthefarm.workedB.workC.toworkD.working()7.Greatchanges_____inChinasince1949.A.havebeenhappenedB.havehappenedC.happenedD.washappened()8.ThePRC_____onOctober1st,1949.findB.foundC.foundedD.wasfounded()9.Dinner_____beforeyoucameback.preparedB.hadpreparedwaspreparedD.hadbeenprepared()10.Youngtrees_____tothetopofthestick.tiesB.tieC.shouldbetiedD.shouldtie()11.Thismachine_____intwodays.A.canrepairedB.canberepairedC.canrepairD.canberepairing()12.Foodmust_____incoolplace.keepB.keptC.bekeptD.bekeeping()13.This_____long,longago.A.happenedB.washappenedC.washappeningD.hadbeenhappened()14.Thisglassisbroken.It_____bymybrother.breaksB.wasbrokenC.isbrokenD.broke()15.Thisshirt_____softandcomfortable.isfeelingB.feelsC.isfeltD.felt()16.Therearetwentymoretrees_____.toplantB.tobeplantedC.plantD.planted()17.Rubbishinthestreet_____bycleanersispickedB.pickupC.ispickedupD.pickedup()18.AnewT-shirtwasbought_____mebyMother.toB.forC.byD.of()19.Aknife_____cutting.isusedtoB.isusedasC.isusedforD.isusedby()20.Thiskindofcomputer_____China.A.i