2023年大学英语四级模拟题十五含答案

大学英语四级模拟题十五一二三四五主观题客观题总分核查人ＰartIWriｔｉngﻩ ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩ ﻩ (１5’)Dirｅｃｔionｓ:Forｔｈisparｔ,youａreaｌｌoweｄ３0ｍinuｔeｓｔoｗritｅａlettertoexprｅssyｏｕrｔhａnｋsｔooneｏfyｏuｒfrｉenｄswhoheｌpedｙoumｏsｔwhenｙouｗeｒｅindｉffiｃultｙ．Youshoulｄwriteatleaｓt１2０worｄsbutnｏmoretｈaｎ18０wordｓ.ＰarｔIIＬistｅnｉngComprehensiｏｎ ﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩ（２5’)ＳecｔionＡﻩ ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩ ﻩ(1’×7＝７’)Direcｔｉoｎs：Inthiｓsectｉon,youwillhearthreeｎｅwsreports.Attheeｎdofeacｈnewsreport,youwillheａｒtｗoorthreequｅsｔioｎs.Bｏththeｎewｓreｐortaｎdtｈeqｕestioｎｓwiｌｌbespｏkenonlyonce.Afteryouheａrａquesｔioｎ，yｏumustchoosethebestａnsweｒfroｍｔｈefouｒｃｈoicesmarkedＡ),Ｂ)，C)anｄD）．TheｎmarkｔｈecｏrreｓpｏndinｇlettｅronＡnsｗｅrSｈeetwithaｓｉｎglｅlinethroughtheceｎter.NｅｗsＲepｏrtOｎeQuestｉons1aｎｄ２ａreｂasedｏnthenewｓreportyoｕ’vｅｊusthｅard.A)2５0,000at５0centｒes.ﻩ ﻩ ﻩC)255,０0０ａt50centreｓ.Ｂ）２５0,000ａt５5centrｅs.ﻩﻩﻩ D)25５，０00at5５cｅntres．A)Elｅctｒonｉcdeteｃｔion． ﻩB)Tｅｌephｏnecａllscreeninｇ．C）Finｇｅｒprintｓidentificａtiｏｎ．D）Sｕndａｙ’ｓdreｓsｒｅhearsａｌ.ＮewｓRepｏｒtTwoQuestiｏns3anｄ４arebasｅｄonthenｅwsrepoｒtyｏu’vejusｔｈearｄ.A)ＩｔcallｅdfｏraquaｌiｔyｉnsｐecｔｉononPｅanutCoｒp．ofＡｍerica.ﻩB)IｔｒejｅctedｔｈebuｓｉnessreｑｕesｔｆromＰeanｕtＣｏrp.ofAｍericａ．Ｃ)ItdeｃidednoｔtoｃooｐerateｗithPeanutＣorｐ.ofAｍｅriｃa.D)IｔdeｃidedtoｈaveaｌawsuitｗithPeanutCorｐ.ｏfAmeｒica．A）Tｈeｙｈavｅｓｏｆａrcａuｓｅd６91peopleｔobｅsick． B)Ｔhｅｙｈavesoｆarcaｕｓｅd3，516ｐeoplｅtoｂesenｔtohoｓpiｔal.C）Ｔheyhavesofaｒcaｕｓｅｄ2plantsｔobecoｎｔaminａteｄ.D)Theyhaｖｅsoｆarｃaｕsｅd9foｏdstobeｒecａlｌeｄinhｉstory.ＮewｓＲepｏｒtＴｈreeQｕestioｎs5to7arebaｓｅｄonthenｅwｓreporｔyou’vejustheard.5.Ａ)Ｉnabilityｔokeepturningｏｕtｎｏｖelproｄｕcｔs.B)Iｎabilityｔoimpｌementtheirｂusinessplaｎs.C)Failuretｏｉntegrateinnovatioｎintotheiｒbusineｓｓ.ﻩ ﻩD）Ｌackｏfasuｃcesｓｆuｌbusinesｓmodelｏftheirｏwn．６.A)Ｉtisamagｉctoolｔobrinｇbｉｇrewａrds.B)Itｉsthｅsecｒettobusinesssucｃesｓ.C）Itisaneｓsentiaｌｐaｒtofbｕsｉnessｃulture.ﻩ Ｄ)Iｔiｓthecreaｔionｏｆsｏmｅｔhinｇnew.A)Ｉｔshａrdwｏrkｉngemployees. B)Itsinnoｖaｔｉonｃｕltｕrｅ.C)Itsｆlｅxiblepromotionｓtrategｙ.Ｄ)Itswiｌlｉngnesstomaｋeinvestments.ＳectiｏｎBﻩﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩﻩ (１’×8=８’)Dirｅｃｔions:Inｔhｉssectiｏn，youwｉｌlｈeａrtwｏlonｇconveｒsaｔions.Atｔheendofeacｈｃonｖｅrsatiｏn，youwillｈeａrfouｒquｅsｔiｏns．Botｈtｈecｏnveｒsatiｏnaｎdｔhequestionswｉlｌｂespokenoｎlｙonce.Afterｙoｕhｅａrａqueｓtion,youmｕstchoｏsｅｔheｂesｔaｎswerfroｍｔhefｏｕrchoiceｓｍarkedA),B），Ｃ)andD).ThenmaｒkｔhecorreｓｐｏndｉngletｔｅroｎAnswｅｒSheetwitｈasingｌeliｎeｔｈroughthｅｃentｅr．CｏnｖeｒｓａｔｉonOｎeQuestiｏｎｓ8ｔo11aｒebａsedontｈeconvｅrsatｉonyou’ｖejustheａｒｄ.Ａ)Shehasｎotimetｏｓtｕdy.B)Shｅisshｏrtｏfmonｅy.C）Sheｈasｎ’theardfromherparｅnｔsforalonｇtime.D)Shedoeｓｎ’tknoｗwherｅａllherｍｏneyhasgone.A)190dｏllａrs.ﻩﻩﻩﻩ C）７60ｄollａrｓ.B)25０dollars．ﻩ D)1,010dｏｌlarｓ.Ａ）HｅisCarinａ’sboｙｆｒiend.ﻩ ﻩﻩＢ）HeｉsCariｎａ’sfinancｉaｌconsuｌｔａnt．C)Ｈeisworkiｎｇiｎthｅloanｓectiｏnofabａｎｋ． D)Ｈeisｓtudyiｎgeconomiｃsataunｉversitｙ.A）Sheｈaｓapoorheａdｆoreconomｉcｓ．ﻩﻩﻩB)SｈewａntstoaskfoｒaｌoａnfｒomTim’ｓｂanｋ.C）Sheｅarnslittlebｕｔｓpendｓfaｒｔoｏｍuchmoneyforaｓｔudenｔ.ﻩ ﻩＤ)ShｅwantsTｉmｔobｅｈｅrfiｎaｎciａlconsｕｌtaｎt．ConversaｔionTwoQueｓtions１２to15areｂasedoｎｔｈecｏnveｒｓaｔｉonyou’veｊusthearｄ.A）Atａroａdcｒossing.Ｂ)Nearascｈooｌ.Ｃ)Infrｏｎtofakindergarｔｅｎ.D)Oｕtsideaｐoｌｉcｅstation.Ａ)Hedidnotnｏｔiceit．ﻩﻩﻩB)Hｅdｒoveｔｏｏfasttoreadｉｔ．C)Itｓays45mileｓａnhour．ﻩﻩD)Ｉtisｎoｔｃlearlｙvisible.Ａ）Iｔisｎｏtgeｎuine. ﻩﻩ Ｂ）Ｉｔactｕalｌybelongstosomeboｄyelsｅ.C)Iｔsｈｏuldｈａｖebeｅｎrｅｎewedtwomonthsagｏ. ﻩ D)Itisnｏｌｏngervalid.Ａ)Ｈｅwａsfined35dolｌars． ﻩB）Hehadtodotwｏwｅeｋs’ｃomｍuｎｉtyｓeｒvice.Ｃ)Ｈegotaticket.D)Hehadhisdriver’sliｃｅnsecaｎceｌｅd.SｅctionCﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩﻩ (1’×10=10’）Diｒecｔiｏｎs:Ｉnthisｓeｃtion，ｙouｗiｌlhear3pａsｓageｓ.Attheendofeaｃｈpaｓsaｇe,youｗillhearthｒｅeｏrfｏｕrqｕestiｏｎs.Bｏthtｈepassageanｄｔhｅquestiｏnswiｌlbespｏkenonlyoncｅ.Afｔeryouhｅarａqueｓtｉoｎ,youmustｃhｏosethebestanｓwerfromthefourchｏicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andＤ）.ThｅnmａrkｔhecｏrrｅｓpoｎdiｎgｌeｔｔeroｎAnswerSｈeｅtwithasiｎglｅlinｅthｒouｇhthｅcｅnter.PaｓsaｇeOneQuestions16ｔo18aｒebaseｄonｔhｅpassagｅｙoｕ’ｖejuｓｔheａrd.A)Ｈｅissｈorｔofmoney.ﻩ B)Hedoeｓnottｈinｋmoｎeyiseverｙｔhｉnｇ.C)Ｈeworkshａrdforthesaｋｅoｆmoｎey.D)Hewanｔｓtoｂeａｓｕcｃessｆulbｕｓｉnｅssmａnaｎdhａspleｎtyoftｉmｅforｌeisure.A)Peｏpleｈａvｅｒeａsoｎstoseekfａｍe.ﻩB)Peｏｐleareadviｓｅdｎotｔｏｓeekfaｍe.C)Fａmeislessiｍpoｒtaｎtｔhanmoney.D)Fameiｓｍoreｉmpoｒtanｔthaｎmoney.A）Sｈeisnoｔｉnterｅstｅdineitheｒmoneyｏrfame．ﻩB)Ｓhｅｗantｓｔosuｃｃeedindoingsoｍethingmｏrｅinventive．C)Ｓheｍakｅｓaｌivingbyｄoinｇrｅｓearch.D)Sｈeｔｈiｎｋｓtｈaｔthosewhoｓeekfａmｅwｉllendupｗitｈapoorreputａtioｎ.ＰａｓｓagｅTwoQuｅstiｏns19to2１aｒebasｅｄontｈｅpaｓsageｙou’ｖejusｔheard．A）Cｈｅating.ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩﻩC）Ｒoａdａccidents．B)Theft. D)Aircrash.Ａ)Ｈavetherighｔdocumｅnts．B)Lｅarnthelocaｌｃｕstoｍs.C)Bookｔｉcketswｅlliｎadvance.D）Ｍａｋeｈoteｌrｅservatioｎs.A)Ｇetａliftifpossible.B)Coｎtactyourageｎt.C)Haveafriｅndmeｅtyou.Ｄ）Useoffiｃiａｌtranspoｒt.PassagｅTｈreｅQuｅｓtｉons22ｔo２５arebasｅｄonthepａssageｙｏｕ’veｊusｔhｅard.A)Ｉtcovers97squａrekilomｅters.B)Itcoveｒｓ1７9sｑｕaｒｅｍiles.Ｃ)ItisonlyｈalfthesizeofSpain.D)IｔisasbigasNewYｏｒkＣity．A）Ｉtwaｓｃｕtofｆfromtｈｅｒestoｆtｈewｏrld.ﻩ B)Iｔimporｔｅｄｆoodfrｏmｆoｒeｉｇncouｎｔｒies.C）Ｉtsｃitiｚensｅnjoyｅdａpeaｃｅｆul，comforｔableｌifｅ.ﻩ ﻩD)Ｉｔsgｅographicfeaｔureｓaｔtrａctｅdmanｙvisiｔors．A)Theiｎｃreaｓinginｖestｍentbydevelopedcountries． ﻩ Ｂ）ThｅｅstａblishiｎgｏｆｄｉｐlomatiｃrelａtｉonswithＦｒaｎceandSpａiｎ.C)Tｈebuildｉngoｆrｏaｄｓconｎｅcｔｉngitwｉthnｅighｂｏringcountｒｉｅｓ. Ｄ)Thefａｓtdevｅｌｏpmｅntofｉｔsnｅｉｇhboriｎｇcoｕntｒｉｅs．A)Theywoｒkｏnthｅirfaｒms．ﻩ B)Theyworkintｈｅtouｒisｔiｎdusｔry.C)Themaketｒaditｉonaｌhandicrafts．ﻩ Ｄ)Theyｒaｉsedomesticaniｍaｌs.PartIIIMuｌｔipleＣhoiｃe ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩ (０.5'×20＝10')Dｉrections:Thereare20ｉnｃompｌｅｔｅsentenceｓiｎtｈiｓｐaｒt.FoｒeａchsｅntenceｔhｅｒeａrefourｃhoicesmａrｋedA)，B),C)andＤ).ChｏosetheONEanswｅｒthatbesｔcoｍpleｔesthｅseｎｔｅｎcｅ.TheｎwｒitｅtｈｅcorrespｏｎdingletterｏnｔheＡnｓwerSｈeｅt.26.Thｅknowleｄgｅthａtarescueteamwouldcoｎtinｕeｓeａｒcｈinｇfｏrthｅm＿__＿_＿__ｔhｅtrappedmiｎers.A）retaiｎedﻩﻩ B）ａｔtainｅdﻩ C)ｍaiｎｔaｉned ﻩD)sustained27．Thecｏmmiｔteｅｒecｏｍｍeｎdｓｔｈatthebudget＿_＿_____diｓcｕｓsedattheneｘtｍeｅtｉng． A）ｉs ﻩﻩ B)wｉｌlbｅ C)bｅﻩﻩ D)aｒe２8．Anyoｎeovertheageof18iｓ______＿_ｔovｏte.Ａ)illegiｂlｅ B)ｌｅgibleﻩ C)eliｇiｂlｅ D)inｅligible2９.______＿_ofuscaｎdoeveryｔhing,ｂutaｌｌofusｃandｏ___＿___＿.A)Noｎｅ,sｏmｅtｈiｎｇ ﻩﻩ Ｃ)Sｏme，eveｒyｔhｉngB)Fｅw,nothiｎgﻩ D)Few，nothinｇ３0.Myfatheｒofｔentｅllｓmethatamanshｏuldａim__＿＿____andｎｅverspeak___＿____ofhｉｍsｅｌf.A)highly,hiｇh ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩＣ)high,hｉｇhB)higｈ,ｈighｌyﻩﻩﻩD）ｈｉghｌy,highlｙ31.Johnwas________frｏmthｅwａreｈouseｔｏthｅaｃｃｏｕｎtingｏffice,wｈicｈｗａsconｓｉdｅredaｐrｏmoｔion.A)traｎsｆormｅdﻩ B)ｔransferredﻩﻩC）ｄeｌiveredﻩﻩ D）ｔransmitｔed3２．Ｉdon’twanttｏ＿____＿___ｈisbａdtｅmper.Ａ）putｕｐwitｈ ﻩﻩﻩ C)keｅpupｗithB）comeuｐwiｔhﻩ ﻩD)comeｏuｔｗith33．Thefilmyouwａtchedyeｓｔerdａｙwas___＿____froｍaｎoveｌｂyJaneAusten.A)aｄoptedﻩﻩﻩＢ)ｂasedﻩﻩﻩC)ａdapteｄﻩﻩ D)adept34.Ifhｅｈａdｍadｅanａｐｐointｍenｔ,ｈｅ____＿＿_＿thedirecｔor.A)couldsｅe ﻩ ﻩ ﻩﻩC)cａnsｅｅB)ｃouldhavesｅeｎ ﻩ D）ｈadseeｎ35．Thegovｅｒnｍｅnt’splａnisthatsocｉalseｃｕritｙ____＿___aｂoutafiｆtｈｏftheｔoｔａｌpｕblicｓｐｅｎding.A)ｔaｋeｓacｃountof B)oｎaccountｏf C)accｏuntｓfor D)countson36.Givｅtｈemessageto＿___＿__needsitatthetabｌe.A)whoｍever ﻩＢ)whaｔeｖerﻩ C）whｏsever ﻩ D)wｈoever3７.Ｈedidｎoｔreａlizｅthａtｔheuｎemｐｌoymentwasａlｌthat___＿_＿_intｈeciｔｙ.Ａ)criｔicﻩﻩ B）criticａｌﻩ ﻩC)critiｃｉsｍ ﻩD)ｃｒｉtｉcｉze３８.___＿__＿aｒeusuａlｌyprefｅｒredbychiｌdrenｉｎｔｈeｈosｐital．A）Woｍｅndｏｃtｏｒ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ Ｃ)ＷoｍandoctorB）Womｅndocｔorｓ ﻩﻩＤ)Wｏmａnｄoctｏrs3９.WecａｎreadwoｒlｄwｉｄeｎeｗsｏnｔheweｂsiteofTheBritｉｓhBｒoａｄｃasting_＿_____．A)Cｏopeｒaｔｅ B)Coｏperaｔioｎ ﻩC）CorporateﻩﻩﻩD)Coｒｐoraｔｉon40.Mｙdｏctor_＿__＿__＿metoasｐecialistｉnheaｒtdiｓeasｅ.ﻩA)inferred B）prefｅｒrｅｄﻩ ﻩC)referｒedﻩ D)differed4１.Ｗegavｅupthｅｈouse,beｃauseof＿__＿__＿coｎsideratｉｏｎｓ．A）ecoｎomic ﻩB）eｃonomicsﻩﻩＣ)ｅｃonomicａl D)ｅcｏｎｏmｙ42.Thefｌuisbeｌｉevｅd___＿_＿_byvirusesthａｔｌiｋetｏrｅproｄuceintheｃｅllｓinsiｄethehumａｎnoseandｔhrｏａt.A)cauｓe ﻩﻩ Ｃ)ｔobeｃａｕｓeｄ B)bｅｉｎｇcaｕｓed ﻩﻩ ﻩ ﻩD)ｔohａvｅcａuｓｅd43.Thankｓtotｈemodｅｒnelｅctricaｌ_＿_____,housｅworknoｗａdaysｈaｓｂeenｍadeｅasｉeｒandeasｉer.A)ａｐplianｃesﻩﻩB）facｉlitieｓﻩﻩﻩC)ｔoolsﻩ Ｄ)ｉnsｔruｍeｎｔs44.Lｅｔmesｅealｌthｅｏffiｃialdocuments_＿_＿__＿thesaleｏfthislａnｄ．A)concernedﻩﻩ B）coｎcｅrｎｉng C)ｃoｎceｒnｓﻩﻩﻩD)ｃonceｒnedly45.GreａｔasＮeｗtonwａs,ｍanyofｈistｈeoｒiｅs＿＿_____ｔodａｙａndａreｂeingmodifｉedｂyｔhｅｗorkofsｃienｔisｔsofourｔime．A）aretoｂechallｅngedﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩC)ｈａvebｅenchallｅngedB)arechalｌenｇingﻩﻩ ﻩﻩD)maybeｃｈallｅngedParｔIVＲeaｄingCoｍｐreｈｅnsioｎﻩ ﻩ （35')SectionA ﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ (0.5’×1０=5’)Dｉreｃｔｉｏns:Inthｉssｅctｉoｎ,theｒeｉsａpaｓsagｅwｉｔhｔenblaｎｋs.Youareｒequiredｔoseｌectonewｏrdｆoｒｅaｃhblankfｒｏmalistofｃｈoｉcesｇｉvenｉnaｗordｂanｋfollowinｇthｅｐassage.Ｒeａdthepassaｇethrouｇhcarefullybeｆｏrｅｍａkｉnｇyourchoiceｓ.Ｅachcｈoｉceintheｂａnkisiｄentiｆiｅdｂyalｅtteｒ.PｌeasewriｔｅthecorrｅsｐonｄinglｅtｔerｆｏreaｃhｉｔemontheAｎswｅｒＳｈeet.Ｙoumａｙnｏtuseaｎyoftｈewordｓiｎｔhebankｍoｒeｔhaｎonｃe．（请在答题纸上写单词的代号）Yｏuｈａveｃhoｓentoａtteｎdauniｖeｒsitythatisnotoｎlyagｒeatedｕcatioｎalinstitutionｂutisalｓoaｇreａｔresｅａrchinｓtitution.Ieｎcouｒageｙoutｏtake46ofthat.Taｋeｃｏｕrｓｅsanｄ47seminarstｈatexpｌoreｔｈｅfｒontiersoffieldsｗhｅreｎewｋnowｌｅdgeandｕｎderstａｎdｉｎgaｒebeｉngcreated.Forｍe,ｐartｉcipａtiｎgｉnrｅｓeaｒchasａnｕｎdergrａdｕatelｅdmeｆrommymajｏｒin48engineｅringtｏｍｙmａjorｉpｕteｒｓcience,andit49apaｓsionfｏｒbeingｏnｔheleadingeｄgeｏfdｉsｃoｖery.Tｈis50sustａiｎedmethroughmｙPhDaｎｄcｏntiｎuｅstoｅxｃitemｅaｆtermｏｒethan3０yeaｒsasaＳｔanfoｒdｆacｕｌtｙmｅmｂeｒ.Beiｎgａｔthｅ5１ofdiscｏvｅrｙａndtaｋｉｎgpartintｈecreationofｎeｗknoｗｌedgeisan52rewaｒdingａndlife-alｔｅringexperiｅnce.AｓyｏｕｂeｇｉnｙourtimeaｔStanfordａnｄｐlanｙouｒfｏｕｒyearsｈｅrｅ,Iwould53youtorememberｔhatyoｕrundergradｕaｔeedｕcatiｏnｉsafouｎdatｉoｎfｏｒlifｅ.Ｉtisａonce-ｉｎ-ａ-ｌｉｆetimejourney.Ｉtismuchｍorethanｙｏur54toyｏurfｉrsｔｊob．Iｔisaｎｏｐporｔunｉtytｏdevelｏptｈeｓｋｉｌlsanｄpassionfｏrbeｉｎgaｌiｆeｌonｇleaｒｎｅrinarｅaｓ5５tｏanｄoutsideｏfyｏuｒcarｅｅr．AA)participate B)ticket C)transferred D)use E)ignitedF)advantage G)urge H)constructive I)attend J)immenselyK)passion L)forefront M)intellectually N)related O)electricalSecｔiｏｎB ﻩ(1’×10=１0’）Direcｔionｓ：Ｉnｔhissectioｎ,youaregoinｇｔｏrｅａdａpaｓsagewithtenstatemｅntsａtｔａchedtoit．Eaｃhｓtaｔemeｎtcｏntaｉnsinfｏrmatiｏngiveninoneoftheparａgraphs．Identｉfythepａragｒaｐhｆromwhｉchtheinfoｒmatioｎisdeｒiｖed.Yoｕmaｙchｏoseaｐａragraphmorethanonce．Eachｐａragraｐｈismarｋedwｉthaletter.ＡnsweｒthequestioｎsbｙwritiｎgｔhｅcｏrrespondingｌetｔerontheＡnswｅrSheet.TheEndoftｈeBｏok?［A]Ａmazon，byfarｔhelａrgｅstbooｋｓelｌerinthｅcountry，repoｒtedｏnＭaｙ1９tｈatitiｓnowsellingｍorｅbooｋsinｉtselｅctrｏnicKinｄｌｅfoｒmａｔthaniｎｔheolｄｐaper-and－iｎkｆormaｔ.Ｔhaｔisreｍarkａble,ｃonsiｄeringthattheKiｎdｌehasonlybｅenaｒoｕndforfｏuryeａｒs.E－bookｓnowaｃcoｕntfor14pｅrcenｔｏfallbooksａlｅｓinthｅｃountｒyandａｒeincrｅasingfarfａｓterthanoverallbooksales.E-booksaｌｅｓａreup14６pｅrcentovｅrｌastyeaｒ,ｗhilｅhａrdbacksalesiｎcrｅased6ｐeｒcenｔａndｐapｅｒbaｃksｄecreased8percenｔ.[B]Doesthisspellthedｏomｏftheｐｈysicaｌｂoｏk?Ｃertaｉｎlynoｔimｍediately，andｐeｒhapsnotatａｌl.WhaｔitdoｅsmeａniｓthattheｂookｂｕｓｉnesswｉllgothｒouｇｈａtrａｎsfｏrmatioｎiｎthｅneｘtdecadeorｓoｍoreprｏfouｎdthanａnyiｔｈasseｅnsincｅGutenbergintｒoｄｕcｅdprｉnｔingｗｉtｈmoｖeableｔypｅｉｎthe１450s.［Ｃ]Ｐhｙsicalbookswillｓｕrelｙbecoｍemuchrarerintｈemarｋetplace．Massmarkeｔpapｅｒbacks，whiｃｈhavebeendeｃliningforyearsanywaｙ,wｉlｌｐｒｏbabｌydisapｐear,aswillhaｒdbａcksｆormyｓｔerieｓ，ｔhrillｅｒs,“romancefｉcｔion,”ｅtc.Ｓucｈboｏkｓ，ｗhiｃｈoｎlyrarelyｅndupinｐermaｎｅntｃolleｃｔiｏｎs,eiｔherpriｖaｔeoｒｐｕblｉc，ｗiｌlｐｒｏbaｂｌｙｏｎlybｅavailaｂlease-boｏkswithｉnafewyears.Haｒdｂackandtradepａｐeｒbacksfoｒ“ｓerioｕs”noｎfiｃtionanｄficｔionｗiｌｌsurelylaｓtlongｅr．Ｐｅｒhapsiｔwillbeｃomeｔheｍarkoｆaｎauthortorｅckonwitｈthaｔhｅorｓheｉｓstilｌpublｉsheｄinｈａrdcｏpy.[D］Ａsfoｒcｈiｌdreｎ’sｂoｏkｓ,whoknoｗs？Cｈildreｎ’ｓbｏｏksaｒelｉkedｏｇfooｄintｈattheｐｕrchaseｒsａrenoｔtheｃoｎｓumeｒｓ,sothemａrket(andtｈemarketiｎg)isinhereｎtlystraｎge.[Ｅ]Foｒｃluesｔothｅｂooｋ’sｆｕtｕre,let’sloｏkatsoｍeｅｘamｐlｅsofｔecｈｎoｌogicalchangeａndseewhatｈapｐeｎedtotheolｄtechｎology．[F]Onetｅchnologyｒeplａcｅsanｏｔｈeronｌｙbecausｅthｅnｅwteｃhｎologyisｂetter，chｅａpeｒ，oｒｂoth．Tｈegreatｅｒtｈｅdifｆerence,thesｏoｎerａndmoｒetｈoroughlytｈｅnｅwｔechnoｌogyｒeplａｃesthｅｏｌd．Ｐrintingwｉｔhｍoveabｌｅtypeoｎpaｐerdrａｍａｔｉcallyｒｅducedtheｃostｏfｐｒoducingabooｋcompareｄｗiｔｈｔhatｏｆtｈｅolｄ-fａshioｎedｏnesｈaｎdwriｔtenoｎvellum,whichｃomesfromsheepskｉn.ABible—ｔoｂeｓuｒe,alongbook—reqｕiｒeｄvelｌｕmｍadefroｍ3０0sheepｓkiｎｓａndcountlessｍan-hourｓoflaｂor.Ｂｅforeｐrｉntｉngarrived,ａBiblecostmoretｈaｎamiddle－clａsｓhouse.Therewｅreperhaｐｓ50,０00ｂooksinallofEuroｐein1450.Bｙ1５00ｔherewerｅ10mｉｌｌｉｏn.［G]Butwｈilepriｎtinｇｑuicｋｌyｃaｕsｅdthehａndwritｔenboｏktodieout，ｈaｎdwritiｎglｉngerｅｄon（继续存在）weｌｌｉｎtothe１６thcentury.Ｖeryｓpeciａlbooｋｓarｅstilｌoccａｓionallｙproｄuｃｅｄｏnvelluｍ，buｔthｅyａｒeｏne-oｆ-a-kindsｈowpieces.[H]Ｓｏmetimｅsaｎewteｃhnｏlogｙdoesn’tｄrivetheｏｌdoneout，ｂutｏnlypartｓofitｗｈilｅforcｉngtｈeｒesｔtoevoｌve.Themovｉesweｒｅwｉdelｙｐredｉｃｔedtｏｄriｖelivｅtheaｔeroutofthemａrketｐｌace,ｂuttheyｄｉｄn’ｔ,becausetheａｔertｕｒnedｏutｔohavｅquａlitiesmovieｓcｏuｌdnｏtreｐroｄuce.Equally,ＴＶwassupｐoｓedtorｅplacemｏviesbｕt,aｇaｉｎ，didnot．[I]Ｍovｉesdiｄ,howeveｒ,fataｌｌyimpａctsoｍepaｒtｓｏflivetheater.AndｗhiｌｅＴVdidn’ｔkｉｌｌｍoｖies,iｔdｉｄkilｌｓecond-ratｅｐｉctuｒｅs，shｏrts，andｃａrｔoons.[J]NoｒdidTVkｉllradio．Comedｙanddramashows（“JacｋBｅｎny，”“ＡmｏｓandAnｄy，”“TｈeShadow”)allmiｇｒatedｔotｅｌｅvｉsiｏn．Buｔbecauｓeyｏucａn’tdriveaｃarandwatchtelevisiｏnatthesａmetime,ｒushhourbeｃaｍｅｒadｉｏ’sprime,whilemｕsic,talｋ,anｄneｗsradiogrｅatｌｙenｌａrgedtｈeｉｒaudieｎceｓ.Radioｉstｏdayａverydifｆｅreｎtbusinesｓthanintｈelate１94０sａnｄａｍｕchlａrgｅroｎe.[K]Sｏmｅtimeｓoldｔecｈnoloｇyliｎgersforｃentｕrｉｅsbｅcauseｏfｉtsｓymｂｏlicpower.Mountedｃａvaｌrｙ(骑兵）replacedtheｃｈarｉｏt（二轮战车）ontｈｅｂａｔtlefiｅldaround1000ＢC．ＢutchariotsmaｉｎtainｅdtheiｒｐlaｃeinparadｅsandｔrｉumphsｒightｕpuntｉｌtheeｎdoftheRｏmanEｍpirｅ1，5０0yeaｒslatｅr.Theswｏrdhａsn’ｔhadａmiｌiｔarｙfuｎｃｔｉonfｏｒahundｒｅdyears,ｂutisstillｐaｒtofanｏfｆiceｒ’ｓfull－drｅssｕniforｍ,ｐｒｅciselｙbｅcaｕseaswｏrｄａlwａyssymｂolized“ａｎｏfficerａnｄaｇｅｎtleｍan.”[Ｌ]Ｓｏmetｉmesnewtechｎologｙiｓalitｔｌecｒanky(不稳定的）atfirst.Tｅlｅvｉsionrepairmanwａsacommonoccupationinthe1９5０s,ｆorinstance.Aｎdsｏtheoldｔechnolｏgｙremaｉｎｓａｓabackup.ＳｔeaｍshipscaptuｒｅdｔheNoｒthAtlaｎtiｃpassengerｂusｉnessfromsaiｌinthｅ1８４0sbecaｕsｅofｉtsmｕchgreateｒｓpeｅｄ.Buｔstｅａmshｉpsdｉdn’ｔlosetheirｓａiｌｓuntｉlthｅ1880s，ｂeｃaｕseｅarlymarineenｇinesｈａdanastyhabitｏfbrｅakingdｏwn.Untilｓhipsbecameｌarｇeenｏugh(aｎdｅｎgineｓsmalｌenｏuｇh)ｔｏmｏｕｎttwoenｇiｎeｓsidｅbyｓiｄe，tｈeyneededtokｅepsａilｓ.（Tｈeｈighcoｓtoｆｓteamanｄthelｅsserneｅdｆｏrspeedkｅptthemajorityｏfｔｈｅｗｏrld’soceanｆrｅightmovinｇｂysailuntｉlｔhｅeａrlyyeaｒsofthe２０ｔｈｃeｎtury.)[M]Ｔｈenｔhｅrｅiｓｔhefｉrepｌａce.Ceｎtralheatingwasprｅsｅntｉnevｅryuｐper-aｎdmiｄdle-classhｏｍebytｈesecondｈaｌｆｏfｔhe19ｔhcｅｎturｙ.Butfunctiｏnｉngfireplacｅｓｒeｍaｉntothisdayａpowerfｕlselｌingpｏintinａｈoｕseｏｒapaｒtmｅnt.Isuｓpecｔｔherｅasｏnisadｅep－roｏtedlｏvｅｏfｔhefire.Fｉｒewａｓoｎeoｆtheearliesｔmajoｒteｃhnolｏgicaｌadvａncesｆoｒhumankind,pｒovidｉnｇｈｅat，protｅction，andcooｋｅｄｆood(ｗhｉchｉsmucheａsiertoeaｔａnｄdigesｔ）.Humancoｎｔｒｏloffiregoesbaｃkｆaｒeｎｏugh(oｖerａmｉllｉonyears）thatevｏｌuｔｉoncouｌｄhavｅｐｒoduｃedａgｅnｅｔiclｅaningtoｗａrｄsfireａsacentralaspectｏfhumａnlｉfe.[N］Booｋs—eｓpeｃｉaｌlybｏokstｈeaveraｇeｐersoncouldａｆforｄ—hａven’tｂeenａｒｏｕndlongeｎouｇdｕcｅevｏlutionaｒyｃｈangｅinhｕmａns.Butｔheyhaveapｏwｅrfｕlholdｏｎｍａnypｅopleｎonethelｅss,aholｄｅxtｅndingfａrbeyonｄｔｈeｉrlｉtｅrarycontent.Attｈeｉｒbｅｓt,tｈeｙareworｋsｏfartanｄthereisatactｉlｅ(触觉的）ｐｌeａsureinbooｋsｎｅｃessaｒｉlylostｉne－ｂｏoｋverｓionｓ.Ｔｈｅａbiｌｉtytoquiｃklythuｍbｔhｒoughｐagesｉsalsｏloｓt.Ａndaｒoomwｉthbｏｏksｉnitiｎｄｕcｅｓ,atleastinsoｍe,afｅeｌingｎoｔdisｓｉmilartｏthatofaｆireiｎthｅｆireplaceｏｎacoldwiｎter’sniｇht.[O]FoｒｔhesereasonsIｔhinｋphｙsicａlｂookｓwillｈavealｏngｅrexisｔeｎcｅasａｃomｍercｉaｌproducｔtｈansomecurrentｌypreｄict.Liｋeswords,bookshaveｓymboliｃpowｅr．Likeｆirｅplacｅｓ,ｔhｅyiｎduceaseｎsｅｏfｃｏｍｆｏrtaｎdwarmｔｈ.And,perhａpｓ，ｓimiｌartｏsails，tｈeyｍaｋｅauｓefulback-upforｗhｅntheligｈtsgｏouｔ..5６.Thｅiｎcreaｓeofｅ-booksalｅｓｗiｌlｆorｃethebｏokbusinesｓtoｍakeｃhanｇｅsnotsｅenfｏrcenｔurｉｅｓ.57．Authoｒsｓtｉllｐuｂlｉshedinｐrintedｖersioｎｓwillbｅcoｎsiderｅｄimportａntｏnes.５8.Tｈｅｒaｄiobusinesshaschangedgreatｌyandnowａｔｔｒactｓｍorｅlｉsteｎers．5９．Cｏntrarytｏｍaｎypeople’sｐrｅdictｉｏnofitsｄeath,thefiｌｍiｎduｓｔrysurvived.６０.Ｒｅmarkａblechａngeshａｖeｔaｋenｐｌaceiｎtｈebooｋbusineｓｓ.61.Anewtechnologyｉsｕnｌikelyｔｏtakethepｌaceoｆaｎoldonewithouｔacｌｅaradvａntａｇe.6２.Ａｈousewithａfiｒeplａｃｅhasasｔｒｏnｇeｒａppealtobuyｅｒs.6３.Oldteｃhnoloｇyｓｏｍｅｔiｍesｃoｎｔinｕestoｅxistbeｃaｕseofitsｒelｉabilｉty.64.Paperｂaｃｋsofpoｐularｌiｔeraturearｅmorelｉkelｙtoberepｌaｃedbyｅ-bookｓ.65．Sｏmepｅｏplｅarestilｌinｆａvｏroｆpｒintedbｏoksｂecaｕseｏftｈｅsenseoftouｃhthｅｙcanｐrｏviｄe.SectｉoｎCﻩ (2’×１0=20’)Directions:Ｔhｅreare2ｐａssａgesinｔhissecｔion.Eａchpassａｇｅｉsfolloweｄbｙｓomeqｕestiｏnsorｕnｆinisｈedstateｍents.FｏrｅaｃｈofthemtherｅarｅｆoｕrchoicｅｓmaｒkedA),B)，C)andD）.YoushoulddeｃｉｄｅｏｎｔhebｅstｃhoicｅanｄｍａrkｔhｅcｏrrespｏndingleｔteronｔｈｅAｎsｗerSheｅｔwitｈasingｌｅlineｔｈｒoｕgｈtheｃeｎｔre.PassageOneＱuestｉoｎs66to70arｅbａsedontｈefｏllowiｎｇpasｓage.Childｒenａrｅadelｉｇht.Thｅyａreouｒfutuｒe.Bｕｔsadｌy,ｈiringsomｅｏnetｏtakecａｒeｏfthｅmwhｉleyougotoworkｉｓgettｉｎｇmoｒeexｐenｓiveｂythｅyear.Eaｒｌierthismonｔｈ,itwaｓｒepoｒｔedｔhａtthecoｓtoｆenrolliｎganinfantorsmallｋidataｃhiｌdcaｒeｃeｎteｒroｓｅ３%in2023,faｓterthanｔｈeｏverallcosｔoflｉvｉng.Ｔhｅrearenｏwｌａrgestriｐsｏfthecoｕntrywhｅreｄaｙcareforaｎinfaｎtcostsｍorethanatenthｏftheａverａgemarriedcｏuｐlｅ’ｓｉnｃome.Thisisnotnecｅｓsaｒilｙａnewtｒeｎd,butiｔｉsasｏｍewhａtpｕzzlingone.Thepriceｏfｐrofessionaｌｃhilｄｃａrehaｓbeｅnｒisiｎgｓiｎcetｈe198０ｓ.Yetduringthattime,ｐａｙforｐrofeｓsｉｏnａlｃhilｄcarｅｗoｒkｅrshassｔoodstill.Acｔｕallｙcaｒegiverｓmakelesstodａy,iｎrealteｒｍs,thantｈeyｄidin１990.Consｉderinｇtｈatlaｂorｃostsareresponsibｌefｏｒupｔo8０%ofａdａycareceｎtｅｒ’sexpenseｓ,ｏnewouｌｄexpectflatwagestohavｅｍeａntｆlaｔｐriｃｅｓ.Sowho’ｓtｏｂlaｍefｏrhigherchildcaｒecostｓ?Cｈildｃarｅisacaｒｅｆｕlｌyｒeｇulatediｎdｕstry.Sｔateslaｙdownrulesaｂouthｏwｍanｙｃｈiｌｄrenｅaｃhemｐlｏyeeiｓaｌlowedtｏwatchovｅr，theｓｐacecarecenteｒsｎeedpeｒｃhild，andothermiｎuｔedｅｔails.Andthesｔｒｉctｅｒtｈerｅgulations,ｔhｅhｉghｅrthecoｓts.Ifｉthastｏhirｅacaregiｖerforeveryｔwｏchｉｌdren,ｉｔcａn’treａllｙａchｉｅveａｎyecoｎomiｅsｏfscaｌeｏnlabｏrｔｏsaｖｅmoneywｈenotｈerexpenｓeｓgｏup．ＩnMassachusetts,wherechilｄcareceｎｔeｒsｍusthireoｎetｅacheｒforeveｒyｔhｒeｅinfaｎts,thｅprｉceofcaｒeａverａgｅdmｏｒeｔｈａn$16,000pｅryｅar.IｎMisｓissippi,ｗhereceｎtｅrsｍｕstｈiｒeonetｅacherｆoｒｅveｒｙfｉvｅｉnfanｔs，ｔｈｅｐriceｏfcarｅavｅｒａｇｅｄlessｔｈan$5，000．Unfｏrtuｎａｔelｙ,Idon’thaveallthedaｙcare-cｅntｅrｒegulａｔionsatｈａnd.BuｔIwoulｄn’ｔbesurprisedifaｓthｅrｕleｓhａveｂｅcomemｏｒｅeｌaboｒate，priｃeshaｖerｉsen.Ｔhetｒadｅoｆf（互换)mｉghｔbeworｔｈｉtｉnsomｅcaseｓ;afteｒall,tｈeｈeａｌthandsａfetyｏfchiｌdrenshouｌdｐroｂaｂlycomebｅforecｈeａpserviｃｅ．Butcertaiｎｌｙ,ｉtｄoesn’ｔsｅｅmｔｏbｅaｎacｃｉdenｔtｈaｔsｏmeoｆthecheapestdａycareavailablｅisiｎtheｌeastreguｌatｅdＳoｕｔｈ.ﻫ66.Whatｐrobｌeｍdｏpareｎｔsｏfsｍaｌlｋidsｈaｖｅｔoｆacｅ?A)Thｅever－risｉｎｇchildcareprices.ﻫB)Tｈｅｂudgeｔinｇｏfｆａmｉlｙexpenses.ﻫC)Thｅbaｌanｃｅbｅtwｅeｎworkandfaｍily.

D)Tｈeｓelectionofagooddaycarecｅntｅr.67.Ｗhatｄoestheauthｏrfeelpuzzledａｂout?Ａ)Ｗｈｙthepriｃesofchildcarevaｒygreａｔlｙfroｍstaｔeｔostate．ﻫB)Ｗhyincreasｅdchildcaｒepriｃeshavenotledtoｂeｔteｒservice．ﻫC）Ｗhytｈｅreiｓａｓevereshortａｇeoｆchｉldｃareｐｒofessiｏnaｌｉnaｎｕmberofstatｅｓ.

D）Wｈychildｃａrｅwoｒｋers’payｈasｎotincrｅａsedｗiｔhｔhｅrisｉｎgchilｄcarecｏsts.

68.Ｗhatｐrevｅｎtｃhildcarecenｔersfrｏｍsaｖingmoney?A)Stｅadyinｃreasｅｉnlaｂorcosts.

B)Ｓtrictgoverｎmｅｎtrｅgｕlatiｏｎs.

C)Lackｏｆsuｐｐortｆrｏmtｈesｔate.

Ｄ)Highａｄminｉstraｔivｅexｐeｎｓes.６9．ＷhyiｓthｅａveragecｏsｔoｆｃhildｃaｒｅiｎMississippimuchｌoｗertｈaninMaｓsachusetｔs?A）Ｔｈｅoｖerａlｌqualiｔｙｏfseｒviｃeisnotasgood.

Ｂ）Paymentsfｏrcaｒeｇiverstherearｅnotａｓhiｇh.

Ｃ)Eaｃｈteachｅrｉsaｌｌｏwedtoｃａｒeｆormoreｋｉds.

D)Ｌivingeｘpensｅsｔheｒｅａrecompaｒaｔｉvelyｌoｗ．

70.Whatｉstheauthor’sviewondaycaｒesｅｒvice?A)Cａregiverｓsｈouｌdreｃｅiveｒegularｐrofessiｏnaltｒaｉning．

Ｂ)Ｌesｓeｌaboｒａtｅｒｕlesａbｏｕtｃhilｄcａremighｔlowｅrcosts.

C)Ｉｔiｓcruciａltosｔrikeabａlancebeｔwｅenｑualityａndｃosts.

D)Ｉｔiｓｂetterfordiffｅrentstatestolearｎｆromeａchｏtｈer.PassａgeTwoQueｓtions7１to75aｒeｂasedｏｎｔｈefollowingｐaｓsage.Whenｉt’sfivｅｏ’clock,ｐeoplelｅａvetheiroｆfice.Thelengthoftheｗorｋｄaｙ，fｏｒmanywｏrkｅｒs,isdefineｄbｙtimｅ．Ｔheyleaｖewheｎtheclocktelｌsｔｈeｍｔhey’redｏnｅ．Tｈesedays,ｔhetimeiseverｙwhere:ｎｏtjustoncloｃksｏrwatches，bｕｔｏncｅlｌ-phoneｓputers.Thatmaｙｂeaｂadthing,particｕｌaｒlyatwork.Newrｅseａrchshowｓtｈatclocｋ－ｂasedwｏrkscｈedｕleshinｄｅrmoｒaｌｅ（士气）andcreaｔivity．Clock-timersorganｉｚetｈeirdaybyblocksofmｉｎutesandｈｏｕrs.Forexａｍple：ameｅtinｇｆroｍ9a．ｍ.tｏ10ａ.m.,researchfrｏｍ10a.m．tonoon，etc．Onｔheotherhand,task-timｅrshavealistｏｆthingｓtheywaｎttoaccomplish．Thｅyworkdｏwnthｅlｉst，eaｃｈtasksｔａrtsｗhenthepｒｅvioustaskiscompｌeted．Ｉtiｓsａiｄthａtallｏｆuseｍplｏyamixｏｆｂｏthtｈesetypesoｆplanning．What,ｔhen,areｔhｅeffectｓｏfthｉnｋingaboutｔｉｍeｉｎtheseｄｉｆｆerenｔwayｓ?Doｅsonｅmakeusｍorｅｐrｏｄｕctive?Betterattｈetasksathａnｄ?Ｈａppiｅr?InｅxpｅrimeｎtsｃonductedbyＴamａrAvneｔａndAｎne－ＬaureSellier,theｙhａｄpａrｔｉｃaniｚedifferenｔａctivitieｓ—frｏmprｏjectpｌannｉng,ｈｏｌidayshｏpping,ｔoyｏgａ—bytiｍeｏｒtｏ－ｄｏｌisttomｅasｕreｈowｔheyperｆoｒmedunder“cloｃktime”vs“tasｋtime.”Thｅｙｆoundclocktimｅrsｔobeｍoreefficientbutlesｓhａｐpyｂｅｃausｅｔheyfeltlitｔlecontrolovertheｉｒlｉvｅｓ.Tasｋtimerｓarehａｐpｉerａndmorecrｅａｔｉvｅ,butlessｐroducｔive.Tｈｅytendtoeｎｊｏyｔhemomenｔwhｅnsomethiｎggoodishappening,ａnｄｓeｉｚｅｏpportunitiesｔｈatｃｏｍｅup.Therｅseａrchｅrsａrｇｕethaｔtask-basｅdorgaｎiziｎｇｔenｄｓtobeunｄerｖａlueｄandunｄeｒ-supｐortedinthebuｓｉｎesｓｃulture.Ｓpanies,theyｂelieｖe，willｔｒytobａｋeｍoreｔaｓk-ｂａseｄplａnninｇintｏtheirｓtｒａtｅｇies.Tｈｉｓmiｇhｔｂeａｓｍaｌlchanｇｅtｏthewaywevieｗworkaｎdtｈeoffiｃe,buttｈｅrｅsearｃhersarｇuetｈatiｔchａllengｅsawidespｒｅadｃhaｒacteristicoftheｅcoｎoｍy:ｗorｋorgａｎizeｄbyｃlocktｉｍｅ.Whｉｌｅmoｓtpeｏplｅwillstｉllprｏbablyneeｄ,anｄｂe,tｏsoｍeextｅｎｔ，clocｋ-timｅｒs,taｓk-basedtｉmingｓhouldbeuｓｅｄwhenｐerformｉnｇａjobｔｈatｒequｉｒｅsｍorecreaｔivity.Ｉt’llmakethｏsetasｋsｅａsｉer,andｔｈetask-doｅｒswillbeｈａｐpiｅr．71．Ｗｈatdｏeｓｔhｅaｕthortｈinkoftimｅdｉsｐlayedｅverywhere？Ａ)Itmａkeseverybｏdｙtiｍe－cｏnｓｃioｕs.B）Itisacoｎｖenienｃeｆｏrworkanｄlife.C)Iｔmayhaｖｅaｎegaｔｉvｅeffeｃtoncreatｉveworｋ．D)Itclｅarlｙｉndicatestｈefａｓtpaceofｍodernlifｅ．72.Howdopｅop