高考英语短文改错介词考点

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.介词是一种用来表示词与词与句之间的关系的虚词句中不能单独作句子成分词后面一般有名词相当于名词的其他词类从句作它的宾语它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。①Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.(状语)②Thismachineisingoodcondition.(语)③Whereisthekeytomybike?(定语)④Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers.〔宾补〕一、介词的分类〔1〕从用法分类介词类型

例词

例句表示方位表示时间

at,before,behind,below,etc.Theremustbesomethingbehindit.about,after,at,before,by,etc.Hecamehomeafter3days.表示原因、目的表示对于表示手段、方式表示除去表示比拟表示结果〔2〕从构造分类

for,with,from,etc.to,for,over,at,with,etc.by,in,with,etc.but,besides,except,etc.as,like,above,over,than,etc.to,with,without,etc.

Hediedfromcancer.Thebookisreallydifficultforme.Iwilldefendthemotherlandwithmylife.WeallwenttothesupermarketexceptTom.Theyunitedasoneman.Mancan’tlivewithoutwater..

..介词分类

构成

例词简单介词

只有单独一个after,at,on,in,during,since,till,across,over,through,past,词的介词near,to,above,by,for,down,from,of,off,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,up,with,about,against,along,among,around,etc.复合介词

由两个单词合成的介词

into,inside,onto,outside,throughout,towards,upon,within,without,etc.形容词，分词或副词+词连词+词

accordingto,awayfrom,downto,insideof,nearto,oppositeto,owingto,etc.asfor,asto,becauseof,etc.短语介词

介词介词称fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,between,etc.双重介词)介词+词+介词bymeansof,infrontof,inspiteof,onaccountof,withregardto,etc.其他thanksto,etc.由转用

分词形容词或副词连词名词

concerning,considering,including,regarding,etc.like,near,opposite,round,next,etc.than,but(除……之外),etc.despite(顾；不管),etc.【考点一】考察with/without复合构造.

..介词with/without+词/代词+形词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词〔分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词〕在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。Withallthethingssheneededbought,shewenthomehappily.Possiblythispersondiedwithoutanyoneknowingwherethecoinswerehidden.单项填空①Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied_____hisworksunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of解析：选B考察with合构造。works与unfinish间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，那么用现在分词表示主动。【考点二】考察工具、手段、方式介词〔1〕by,in,on三词都可表示旅行的方式①不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如bysea,bywater,byland,byrail,byair等。②涉及交通工具的名词时用by用单数形式加冠词或任何修饰语bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship/boat,bytrain,byspaceship等。③当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前加冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如traveltoNewYorkinthisplaneonanearlytraintoschoolonmybike等。注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如onhorseback，onahorse，onthecamel。〔2by,in三词均意为“用〞，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。①with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。Theyarediggingwithapick/spade.Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs.in,on,over,through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如byhand,inink,onthe.

..telephone,overtheradio,throughthetelescope等。注意：①使用语言、原料、材料时，用in表示，如inEnglish/Japanese；inblueink。②表达“用……方法/式〞时词有this/that/thesamewaymeansofthis/thatmeanswiththis/thatmethod等。【考点三】考察of+抽象名词的用法“of+抽象名词〞的用法与形容词一样，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。of+great/much+抽象名=very+名词的形容词形式of+no+抽名词=词的形容词形式Itisofgreatvalue.=Itisveryvaluable.Itisofnouse.=Itisuseless.ThecamelisofgreathelptotheArab.＝ThecamelisveryhelpfultotheArab.【考点四】考察表示程度的介词by,to,beyondby表示“增加了……〞；to表示“增加到……〞；beyond表示“,限度超出〞。Thisnewmodelofcarissoexpensivethatitisbeyondthereachofthosewithaverageines.单项填空②Sorry,Madam.You’dbetteretomorrowbecauseit’s______thevisitinghours.A.duringB.atC.beyondD.before解析：选。察介词的用法为不起，女士，你最好明天来，因为已经过了开放时间了。.

..beyond时间〕晚于，迟于。【考点五】考察介词but固定搭配havenochoicebuttodo只得做某事；can’thelpbutdo不得不做……；can’tbutdo不得不只能；can’tchoosebutdo只得做某事；butfor不是……。Ihavenochoicebuttoaccepthisconditions.Therewasnotaxithatday,Icouldn’tchoosebutstaythereforanothernight.【考点六】考察toone’s+情感类名词to与情感类名词连用，表示“某人因某事的发生而唤起其心的某种情感〞。常见的构造有：toone’s＋delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret＝tothedelight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regretofsb.这种构造表示结果，用作状语，通常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。假设要加强该构造的语气，有两种方式：①在名词前加great,deep等形容词修饰；②在整个短语前加副词greatly,much等修饰。Tohisdisappointment,hefailedagain.【考点七】考察名词与to成的固定搭配key,approach,solution,answer,entrance,visit,attitude等与to构成固定搭配：thekey/approach/solution/answer/entrance/visit/attitudeto...ItissaidthattheyhaveadoptedanewapproachtoteachingEnglish.【考点八】考察介词by的用法.

..(1)by+地名词。表示方位，意为“在……旁边〞。注意：表示“从……旁边经过〞时,多与动词go/walk/pass等词连用。(2)by+时名词，意为“到……时〔已发生某事……,在……之前〞此时谓语多用完成时。(3)by+名。可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。①by+the+可数名词(时间、长度、重量),意为“按……计算;……买(卖〞。②by+示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词〔名词前不加冠词为“按……计算，按……买(卖)〞。表示交通工具、交通方式名词〔名词前不加冠词，不用复数〕,为“通过……；由……；乘……〞。抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词〔名词前不加冠词，不用复数〕，意为“靠……；通过……；由……所致〞。⑤by+点或工具等具体名词。表示路线、途径，意为“通过〔某物、某地〞。⑥by+词-ing，意为“通过……；靠……；凭……〞。(4)by+数词。①表示升降、增减的程度。②表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。身体部/服类名词。表示被抓住身体/物的某一局部，常与catch/seize/take/hold/grab等动词连用。Ittakeslongtimetogotherebytrain;it’squickerbyroad.Themanenteredtheroombythebackdoor.Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear.Milkissoldbythepint,butterbythepound,andeggsbythedozen..

..二、课练习〔1〕Billinsistedinstayingnearthecar.〔in改为on，insiston为固定搭配〕〔全国卷〕〔2〕Suddenlywecaughtsightatacarandsomemen.〔at改为of，catchsightof是习语，意为“看见〞〕〔全国卷〕〔3〕WhenIhavefreetimeIgoalongwalk.〔go后加，goforawalk是习语〕〔全国卷〕〔4〕Whentheycamedownthepolicewereangrytothem.〔to改为with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用beangrywithsb〔全国卷〕〔5〕Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.〔去掉，因其前的get是及物动词〕〔全国卷〕〔6〕…andsomebooks，forexamplebooksforhistorysciencecookingandgardeningarealsopopular.〔booksfor改为bookson此处的on意为“关于〞〕〔全国卷〕〔7〕Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting.〔去掉about或将about改为that，因动词knew后可直接跟宾语从句，无需用介词〕〔全国卷〕〔8〕Itverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailway改为ofIt‘skindofsbtodosth〔全国卷〕〔9〕Infact，theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear.〔去掉in，在由next，，last等构成的时间短语中，一般可直接用作时间状语，无需加in，on，at这样的介词〕〔全国卷〕〔10〕Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweek.〔去掉在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词〕〔全国卷〕〔11〕Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.〔instead后加of为复合介词，在此表示“而不是〞〕〔全国卷〕〔12〕Unfortunately，therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.改为inmyfamily意为“在我家里〞〕〔全国卷〕.

..〔13〕Iwashappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguing…lot后加alot不能直接修饰名词〕〔全国卷〕〔14〕ThanksverymuchoninvitingmetoyourbirthdaypartyonSunday.〔on改为doingsth意为“因某事而感某人〞〕〔春季卷〕〔15〕SoI‘mreallysorrythatIwon’tbeabletoeinthistime.〔去掉in因thistime可直接用作状语〕〔春季卷〕〔16〕…butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.〔去掉about，因about后没有接宾语，about属多余〕〔全国卷〕〔17〕Forinstanceononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouro‘clockinthemorning.〔去掉on，因onenight可直接用作状语〕〔春季卷〕〔18〕IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.〔去掉at，themoment在此用作连词，相当于assoonas〕〔全国卷〕〔19〕Hisparentsaskedhimtospendinmoretimepreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.〔去掉in，spend是及物动词，其后可直接跟名词作宾语〕〔春季卷〕〔20〕Ifeelsorrytohim.〔to改为feelsorryforsb意为“为某人感到难过〞〕〔春季卷〕〔21〕Becausesomuchviewing，childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.〔Because后加，因somuchviewing相当于名词〕〔春季卷〕〔22〕Ononeyeartheaveragechildwillsee25televisionmercials改为为“在一年中〞〕〔春季卷〕〔23〕ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese…〔去掉that前的in，was后是一个以that引导的宾语从句，in是多余的〕〔全国卷〕.

..〔24〕I‘msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.SoIfeelunhappyeveryday.〔to改为at，laughat意为“嘲笑〞〕〔全国卷〕〔25〕YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminutesontheInternet.〔kinds后加ofkindof意为“一种……〞，allkindsof…意为“各种各样的……〞〕卷〕〔26〕ButIhavespentlotsmymoney…〔lots后加/alot后不能接名词；后接名词时，要用lotsof…，alotof…〕〔卷〕〔27〕…youwillprobablywanttojoinintheStampCollectors‘Club…〔去掉in，表示“参加，参加〞某个组织，join后不要再加介词in；表示“参加〞某项活动时，才加in〕〔卷〕〔28〕Wehavealotonmonandhavealottotalkabout.〔on改为in，因为havesthinmon是固定搭配，意为“有共同的……〞〕〔卷〕oftoof.

..IIt.

..AAreyoulookingforsomenewandexcitingplacestotakeyourkidsto?Trysomeoftheseplaces：·Visitartmuseums.Theyofferavarietyofactivitiestoexciteyourkids'interest.Manyofferworkshopsformakinghandmadepiecesexhibitssignings(名)bychildren'sfavoritewritersevenmusicalperformancesandotherarts.·Headtoanaturalhistorymuseum.Thisiswherekidscandiscoverthepastfromdinosaurmodelstorockcollectionsandpicturesofstarsinthesky.Also，askwhatkindofworkshopsandeducationalprogramsarepreparedforkidsandanyspecialeventsthatareingup.aYoutheater.Lookforoneinyourareaofferingplaysforchildandfamilyvisitors.Preshowplayshopsareconductedbyareaartistsandeducatorswherekidscandiscoverthesecretaboutperformingarts.Puppet(偶)makingandstagemakeuparejustacoupleofthespecialofferingsyoumightfind.·Tryhandson_science．Visitofthemanyhandsonsciencemuseumsaroundthecountry.Thesescienceplaylandsaregreatfunforkidsandgrownupsalike.They'llkeepyourchildmentallyandphysicallyactivethewholedaythroughwhilepushingbuttons，experimentingbuilding.Wheneveryoneistiredenjoyafunfamilyscienceshow，monlyfoundinthesemuseums.语篇解读体裁为应