【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题02 阅读理解（含解析）

【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破

专题02阅读理解

上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveral

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

A,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgivenin

thepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

For38-year-oldJustinHerald,thejourneytowealthbeganoneSundaymorningatachurchin

Sydney'snorthwest,whenhewasinvolvedinaquarrelwithamemberofthechurchchoir.nYouhave

anattitudeproblem,"shetoldhim.

Theaccusationrkedsomethinginhim,andheborrowed$50fromhisbrothertohavefourT-

shirtsprintedwiththeslogan:"Idon'thaveanattitudeproblem;youhaveaperceptionproblem.'1

"Itwasthebest$50Ieverspent,"laughsHerald.Bytheendofthemorning,hehadsoldthreeof

thefourT-shirts.Withthemoneyhemade,hehadanothersixprinted,then12,then24.“Thatfirst

yeartheearningwere$98,000/hesays.

Hisbusiness,AttitudeInc.,isnowamulti-million-dollarcompanywithawiderangeofproducts

sellingin3,500storesacrossAustralia.Hisbusinesswasduetonotjustclevermarketing-thepublic

lovedtheslogan-butalsohehastoadmitthatinthosedaystherewasverylittlecompetitioninhis

sectoroftheclothingindustry,andhewasintherightplaceattherighttime.

Themediaspotlightalsohelped,withpeoplepayingattentiontoHerald'slikeablepersonalityand

infectionspassionforhisbusiness:thenightofoneTVappearance,187storesrangtogethisproducts

intotheirstores.

Heraldsoldthebusinessthreeyearsago,bywhichtimeitwasturningover$30millionayear,

andnowspendshistimeasamotivationalspeaker.Hismessage:anyonecanbefinanciallysuccessful

iftheysettheirmindtoit."Youhavetohavealotofstickability,becausenoteverythingisgoingto

第1页/总21页

workthewayyouplanit.”

StilllivinginCastleHillwithhiswifeandtwochildren,Heraldbelievestoomanysuccessful

peoplebecomecaughtupinthetrappingsofwealth."IhavelivedheresinceIleftschoolat16/'he

says.nInthisarea,youdon'tforgetwhereyoucamefrom.1*

56.WhydoesHeraldthinkitwasthebest$50heeverspent?

A.BecausethatsumofmoneycoveredthecostoffourT-shirt

B.Becausethatsumofmoneyshowedhisaccusationwaswrong.

C.Becausehereceivedthatsumofmoneywhenhewasinneed.

D.Becausehegainedmorethanexpectedfromthatsumofmoney.

57.AccordingtoHerald,thesuccessofhisbusinessresultedfrom.

A.goodtimingandcooperationB.businesssenseandluck

C.fiercecompetitionandpassionD.familybackgroundandmotivation

58Theunderlinedword"stickability"(paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.competenceB.conscienceC.persistenceD.fortune

59.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe___—

A.AttitudePaysOffB.NoBravery,NoGains

C.StartaBusinessD.NeverTooOldtoChallengeYourself

(B)

Thesmell,thewarmth,thedistincttaste-agoodcupofcoffeeiswhatgetsusthroughtheday

andhelpsustounwindattheendofit.AndinwalksthePodCoffeeMachine.Thisskillfulkitchen

deviceisherefbrconvenience.

ProsCons

•Usuallyquitesmall-sized•Moreexpensiveperthinkthan

•Cheaptobuy—somecostaslittleas£40.Bcan-to-cupcoffeeorbeans.

•Goodfbroccasionalcoffeedrinkers,asthe•Coffeepodscreatewaste,asmanypodsare

sealedpodskeepcoffeefresh.plastic.

第2页/总21页

Toensurethatyougetthebestfixofcaffeine,we'veroundedupalistofwhatweconsiderthe

bestpodcoffeemachinesinmind.

HamiltonBeach（49976）PodCoffee

NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffee

Machine

Twiceasnice!Whetherit'sfbraquickcupon

thegooracoffeedatewithfriends,thisnotMachine

beveragemakergivesyoutheoptiontoselectaDesignedtoplease,notonlyisthismachine

singleservingortobrewupawholepot.smallenoughtofitinthesmallestofkitchens,

Humbleinappearance,thismulti-servepodbutthe19-barhigh-pressurepumpalsoensures

coffeemakercomeswithanotheraddedbonus;thateachpodisreleasedtoensuremaster-style

usetheloosecoffeegroundsoptionifyouresults.Heatingupinonly25seconds,this

preferabrandthatdoesnotcomeinapod.single-servekitchenbuddywillhaveyourcup

★★★★☆21,017ratingsofcoffeereadyinlessthan2minutes.

$104.99$124.87★★★613ratings

Currentlyunavailable.Wedon'tknowwhen$159.95

orifthisitemwillbebackinstock.

NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffee

MachineKeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffee

ThisPREMIUMCHOICEmodelisidealforMachine

smallhouseholdswhoenjoynovelcoffeesthatIfthestrengthorweaknessofyourcoffeeis

arepreparedinnotimeatall.Oryoucanoneofyourgreatestconcern,thenthismachine

preparethecoffeefbrthego.BuyAldicoffeemightcomeinquitehandy.Thesmallerthe

podstocutthepriceofyourdailybrewandpot,thestrongerthecoffee.

（兼容）

saveadollar.Andthey'reallcompatible★★★☆2.665ratings

withNespressomachines.$118.26$121.43

★★★★★3676ratings

第3页/总21页

$149.95

Only10leftinstock.Ordersoon.

$66.75(6Second-hand)

60.Accordingtothepassage,podcoffeemachinesattractpeople.

A.whowanttobringconveniencetotheirkitchenlife

B.whoarekeenonthetypicaltasteofBean-to-cupcoffee

C.whoattachimportancetothelightweightofplasticmachines

D.whopayattentiontotheircarbonfootprintsontheenvironment

61.Ifthecustomersisexceptionallymindfuloftheprice,whichofthefollowingwillbeagooddeal?

A.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachine.

B.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine.

C.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachine.

D.KeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachine.

62.isperfectfbranextendedfamilywhopreferhigh-qualitycoffee.

A.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachine

B.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine

C.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachine

D.KeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachine

(C)

Deepbelowtheground,radioactiveelementsbreakupwatermolecules(分子),producing

ingredientsthatcanfuelsubsurfacelife.Thisprocess,knownasradio-lysis(辐射分解)，has

sustainedbacteriainisolated,water-filledcracksonEarthformillionstobillionsofyears.Nowa

studypublishedinAstro-biologyshowsthatradiolysismayhavesupportedlifeintheMartian

subsurface.

Duststorms,raysintheuniverseandsolarwindsruintheRedPlanet'ssurface.Butbelow-ground,

somelifemightfindrefuge.HTheenvironmentwiththebestchanceofhabitabilityonMarsisthe

第4页/总21页

subsurface/1saysJesseTarnas,aplanetaryscientistatNASA.ExaminingtheMartinunderground

couldhelpscientistslearnwhetherlifecouldhavesurvivedthere.Andthebestsubsurfacesamples

availabletodayarcMartinmeteorites（陨石）thathavecrash-landedonEarth.

Tarnasandhiscolleagueevaluatedthemineralmakeupandradio-activeelementabundancein

theMartinsurfaceusingsatelliteandroverdata.Theyinputthesedataintoacomputermodelthat

simulated（模拟）radiolysistoseehowefficientlytheprocesswouldhavegeneratedhydrogengas

andotherchemicalingredientsthatcansustaintheundergroundbacteria.Theresearchersreportthatif

waterwaspresent,radiolysisintheMartinsubsurfacecouldhavesustainedlifeforbillionsofyears

andperhapsstillcouldtoday.

ScientistspreviouslystudiedMarsradiolysis,butthismarksthefirstestimateusingMartinrocks

toquantifytheplanefssubsurfacehabitability.Tamasandhiscolleaguesalsoevaluatedthepotential

richnessoflifeintheMartinundergroundandfoundthatasmanyasamillionbacteriacouldexistina

kilogramofrock.

Themosthabitablemeteoritesamplesanalysedappearedtobemadeofarocktypecalled

regolithbreccia."ThesearethoughttocomefromthesouthernhighlandsofMars,whichisthemost

ancientareaonMars,"Tamassays.

Undergroundlifeasdescribedbythisresearch,wouldrequirewateranditremainsunknownif

5

groundwaterexistsontheplanet,saysLujendraOjha,aplanetaryscientistatRutgersUniversity.

DeterminingwhethertheMartinsubsurfacecontainswaterwillbeanimportantnextstep,butthis

investigationhelpstomotivatethatsearch.Ojhasays,"Wherethereisgroundwater,therecouldbe

life.*1

63.ScientistsbelievetheMartiansubsurfacemightbehabitableprobablybecause.

A.theMartinsurfaceabsorbsraysintheuniverse

B.radio-lysismayexistintheMartianunderground

C.radiationcombinesingredientsforsubsurfacelifetosurvive

D.cracksinMartianmeteoritesoverflowwithbacteria

64.WhafsthepurposeofusingMartianmeteorites?

第5页/总21页

A.TomeasuretheMartianhabitabilitybelow-ground

B.Tosimulatetheprocessofproducinghydrogen.

C.Tohelplifefindshelterfromsolarwinds

D.Toexplorethesourceofhydrogengas.

65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelast3paragraphs?

A.TamaswasthefirsttostudyMarsradiolysis.

B.TheMartianundergroundprovedtoberichinbacteria.

C.ThesouthemhighlandsofMarsarethemosthabitable.

D.Theexistenceofgroundwateriskeytotheinvestigationfindings.

66.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.

A.thereasonfbrnolifeontheMartiansurface

B.thesourceofdatafbrthestudyofMartianhabitability

C.thepossibilityofMarssustaininglifethroughradiation

D.therichnessofradioactiveelementsbelowtheMartiansurface

上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷

(A)

Atthe4thStreetPhotoGalleryonthecomeroftheBowcry,manyphotosarestrungtogetherlike

clothesonalaundryline.ThereareportraitsofMuhammadAliandJean-MichelBasquiat,plusa

seriesofcityscapesdetailedlycapturedover60yearsbyAlexHarsley,aneglectedbuttalentedNew

Yorkphotographer.

ThecityhasbeenMrHarsle/shomesince1948,when,agedten,hemovedtherefromSouth

Carolina.Hetookhisfirstphotographtenyearslater,andbecamethefirstblackphotographertowork

fbrthecity*sdistrictattorney'soffice.Hisvividpicturesfkeez。momentsinNewYork'sevolution什om

the1950stothepresent,“Itcouldstartwiththesmellofsomethingburning/'hesaysofhismethod.

"Andthenyouseeafamilysittingonthestepsofafuneralhomesadlylookingatthefiremengoing

throughtheirroutine/'

第6页/总21页

Someofthescenesinthecollectionwerecapturedfromthewindowofhisoldapartmentin

Harlem;theyincludeimagesofblackactivists,streetssubmergedinsnowandshotsoftheCrown

Heightsriotsof1991.A.D.Coleman,aphotographycritic,saysMr.Harsleyhasbeenabletocapture

thelivesofminoritygroupsbymakinghimself“invisible”.Hisaimhasbeentoassemblethese

fragments（片段）intoanextendedhistoryofthecity.

Mr.Harsley*sgalleryisatimecapsule.Fordecades,itisalsoahubfbrthecit/sartistic

underworld.Inthe1970sNewYork'sphotographyscenewasflourishing,butexclusive.AsMr.

Harsleyputsit,“anumberofgreatartistsweresweptaside“becausetheylackedconnections.Helping

talentbecamepartofhismission.In1971heestablishedTheMinorityPhotographers,anorganization

thathelpsup-and-comingartistsexhibittheirwork.Heopenedhisgallerytwoyearslater;many

photographershavehadtheirfirstshowsthere.

56.HowdoestheauthordescribeAlexHarsleyinthefirstparagraph?

A.undervaluedbutexpertB.giftedbutexclusive

C.unknownbutdevotedD.giftedbutawkward

57.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?

A.HispicturesshowfreezingweatherinNewYorkfromthe1950stothepresent.

B.HispicturescapturethecheerfulmomentsinNewYorksincethe1950s.

C.HispicturesrecordsomehistoricoccasionsofNewYorkoverthepastdecades.

D.HispicturesillustratethevividlivesofminoritygroupsinNewYorkoverthepastdecades.

58.WhydoesMr.Harsleymakehimself"invisible'1?

A.Toassembletheminoritygroupsofthecity.

B.Tohighlightthelivesofminoritygroups.

C.Tohelppromisingartistsattractmorepublicattention.

D.Tobuildconnectionsbetweentheminoritygroupsandhimself.

59.HowdidMr.Harsleyhelptheotherartists?

A.Heexcludedthosewholookeddownupontheunknownartists.

B.Hesetanorganizationdisplayingtheirworks.

第7页/总21页

C.Heestablishedtheconnectionsbetweenup-and-comingartistsandfamousones.

D.Hereducedtherentsofthegallerywheretheirphotographyworkswereshown.

(B)

TROUBLESHOOTING

Forpossiblemalfunctionsasdescribedbelow,pleasecontactCustomerServicesat1-800-2020-123

PROBLEMPOSSIBLECAUSESOLUTION

Thecoffeeisnothot.•Thecupswerenotpreheated.•Warmthecupsbyrinsingthem

withhotwater(N.B.youcanuse

thehotwaterfunction).

Coffeedoesnotcomeout•Thespoutsareblocked.•Cleanthespoutswitha

ofthespouts.toothpick.

Thecoffeedoesnotcome•Theholesinthespoutsare,Cleanthespoutswitha

outofthespouts,butfromcloggedwithdrycoffeedust.toothpick,spongeorhard

aroundtheservicedoor.,Thecoffeeguideinsidethebristledkitchenbrush.

servicedoorisblockedand•Thoroughlycleanthecoffee

cannotswing.guide,particularlynearthe

hinges.

Thefrothedmilkhaslarge•Themilkisnotcoldenoughor,Youshouldideallyuse

bubbles.isnotsemi-skimmed.skimmedorsemi-skimmedmilk

atrefrigeratortemperature(about

5℃).Iftheresultisnotasyou

wished,trychangingbrandof

milk.

Themilkisnotfrothed(起,Cappuccinomakerdirty.•Cleanasdescribedinthe

泡).section

“Cleaningthecappuccinomaker

afteruse”.

第8页/总21页

Steamdeliverystops•Asafetydevicestopssteam,Wait,thenactivatethesteam

deliveryafter3minutes.functionagain.

Theappliancedoesnot•Itisnotpluggedintothemains•Plugintothemainssocket

comeon.socket.•PlacethemainswitchintheI

•Themainswitch(A2)isnotposition.

turnedon.

60.Iftheappliancedoesn'twork,whichofthefollowingmaybethecause?

A.Ithasbeenusedformanyyears.

B.Itisnotpluggedintothesocket.

C.Itstemperatureistoohigh.

D.Itsspoutsareblocked.

61.Accordingtothetable,whichofthefollowingistrue?

AIfcoffeetastebitter,youmayaddsomemilkandsugar.

BIfcoffeeisdeliveredtooslowly,youmaywaitandactivatethefunctionagain.

C.coffeedoesn'tcomeoutofspouts,youmaycheckthemwithatoothpick.

D.Ifmilkisnotfrothed,youmayusesemi-skimmedmilk.

62.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?

A.Acoffeebeanpackage.

B.Acappuccinocoffeemachinebooklet.

C.Acappuccinocoffeemachineadvertisement.

D.Acoffeemachinequalityreport.

(C)

Thateasternersandwesternersthinkindifferentwaysisnotmereprejudice.Manypsychological

studiesconductedoverthepasttwodecadessuggestWesternershaveamoreindividualistic,analytic

andabstractmentallifethandoEastAsians.Severalhypotheses(假设)havebeenputforwardto

explainthis.

第9页/总21页

One,thatmodernizationpromotesindividualism,foilsatthefirsthurdle:Japan,anultra-modcm

countrywhosepeoplehaveretainedacollectiveoutlook.Asecond,thatahigherrateofinfectious

diseaseinaplacemakescontactwithstrangersmoredangerous,andcausesgroupstoturninward,is

hardlybetter.Europehashaditsshareofplagues;probablymorethaneitherJapanorKorea.

ThatledThomasTalheimoftheUniversityofVirginiaandhiscolleaguestolookintoathird

suggestion:thatthecrucialdifferenceisagricultural.ThebasicWestcropiswheat;theEasfsrice.

Beforethemechanizationofagricultureafarmerwhogrewricehadtospendtwiceasmanyhours

doingsoasonewhogrewwheat.Toorganizelabourefficiently,especiallyattimesofplantingand

harvesting,rice-growingsocietiesasfarapartasIndia,MalaysiaandJapanalldevelopco-operative

labourexchangeswhichletneighborsstaggertheirfarms*schedulesinordertoassisteachother

duringthesecrucialperiods.Since,untilrecentlyalmosteveryonealivewasafarmer,itisa

reasonablehypothesisthatsuchacollectiveoutlookwoulddominateasociet/scultureandbehaviour,

andmightprovesodeep-rootedthatevennow,whenmostpeoplecamtheirlivinginotherways,it

helpstodefinetheirlives.

Mr.Talheimrealizedthatthisideaistestable.LargeareasofAsia,particularlyinthenorth,

dependnotonrice,butonwheat.That,asheexplainsinapaperinScience,lethimandhisteamput

somefleshonthistheory'sbones.Theteamgatheredalmost1,200volunteersfromalloverAsiaand

askedthemquestionstoassesstheirindividualismorcollectivism.Theanswersborelittlerelationto

thewealthofavolunteersplaceoforigin.Therewasastrikingcorrelation,though,withwhetherit

wasarice-growingorawheat-growingarea.Thisdifferencewasmarkedevenbetweenpeoplefrom

neighbouringcountieswithdifferentagriculturaltraditions.

Undoubtedly,Talheim'shypothesishaspointedtoadirectionworthfurtherexploration.Viewing

themessagefrommodernizedcountriessuchasJapan,KoreaandSingapore,whichstillholdonto

collectivism,perhapswecansay:Asianvalues-withtheirprinciplesofmutualsupportandcollective

action-areonly"Asian"becausebackinancienttimes,farmersinmanypartsofthatcontinentfound

riceamoresuitablecroptogrowthanwheat.

63.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichstatementdoesdieauthormostprobablyagreewith?

第10页/总21页

A.ThefirsthypothesisfailstojustifyJapan*sever-keepingcollectivismaswellasthesecond.

B.TheexposuretoplagueoutbreaksincreasestheprobabilityoftheEuropeanstoturnbackto

individualism.

C.ModernizedJapanstaysclosetocollectivismasfirmlyasEuropemaintainsindividualisminthe

timesofplague.

D.Neithermodernization,aswithEurope,northeonceprevailingplague,aswithJapan,givesany

evidencethatpromotesindividualism.

64.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stagger“probablymean?

A.arrangeeventssothattheydonothappenatthesametime

B.helpsomethingtodevelopmorestronglybecauseifsabouttocollapse

C.planororganizesomethinginadvancetomakeitneatorattractive

D.offersomethingtosomebodyandreceivesomethinginreturn

65.Mr.TalheimstudiedtheAsianvolunteersgrowingwheatinordertofindout.

A.whethergrowingwheatresultsinmoresharingbehavior.

B.whethergrowingwheatleadstomoreprosperouscommunity

C.whetherthelocalcropaffectsthelocaleconomypositively.

D.whetherthelocalcropisrelatedtolocalpeople'smentallife.

66.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitlefbrthispassage?

A.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.

B.Thegrassisgreenerontheotherside.

C.Asyousow,soyouwillreap.

D.Youarewhatyoueat.

上海市浦东新区2020届高三一模英语试卷

(A)

DameZahaHadid,theIraqi-bornBritisharchitectwhosetallstructuresleftamarkonskylines

andimaginationsaroundtheworldandintheprocessreshapedarchitecturefbrthemodemage.

第11页/总21页

Shewasnotanaveragedesigner.Sheliberatedarchitectural々，了（几彳可），givingitawhole

newexpressiveidentity.Geometrybecame,inherhands,avehicleforunprecedentedandeye­

poppingnewces.Herbuildingselevateduncertaintytoanart,conveyedintheoddways.

Herworkimplyingmobility,speed,freedomanduncertaintyspoketoaworldviewwidelyshared

byayoungergeneration.4tIamnotEuropean,Idon'tdoconventionalworkandIamawoman,''

StrikinglyMs.Hadidneverallowedherselfonherworktobecategorizedbyherbackgroundorher

gender.Andshewasoneofakind,apathbreaker.In2004,shebecamethefirstwomantowinthe

PritzkerPrize,architecture'sNobel.

ZahaHadidwasborninBaghdadonOctober31,1950.Thenin1972,shearrivedatthe

architecturalassociationinLondon,acenterforexperimentaldesign.HerteachersincludedElia

ZenghelisandRemKoolhaas.uTheyarousedmyambition,“shewouldrecall,uandtaughtmetotnist

evenmystrangestinstincts.^^Bythe1980sshehadestablishedherownpracticeinLondon.Andshe

begantodrawattentionwithanunrealizedplanin1982—1983forthePeakClub.

Herpartner,PatrickSchumacher,playedaninstrumentalandcollaborativeroleinhercareer.Mr.

Schumachercoinedthetermparametric（#S）designtoincludethecomputer-basedapproachthat

helpedthefirm'smostweirdconceptsbecomereality.Ms.Hadidcalledwhatresultedinanorganic

languageofarchitecture,basedonthesenewtools,whichallowustocombinehighlycomplexforms

intoa加〃d（流线的）andcompletewhole.

Hersourceswerenature,historyorwhatevershesoughtuseful.WhenherRosenthalCenter,a

relativelymodestproject,openedin2003,HerbertMuschamp,thearchitecturecriticdeclaredit"the

mostimportantAmericanbuildingtobecompletedsincetheendofthecoldwar”.

“Shewasbiggerthanlife,aforceofnature,“asAmaleAndraos,thedeanofColumbia

University'sarchitectureschool,putit,“shewasapioneer.^^

Shewas.Forwomen,forwhatcitiescandesiretobuildandfortheartofarchitecture.

56.WhatfeaturesthestructuresdesignedbyZahaHadid?

A.Freearchitecturalgeometry.B.Conventionaldesign.

C.Oddimagination.D.Colorfulpatterns.

第12页/总21页

57.AccordingtoParagraphs3and4,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

A.ZahaHadidtaughtherselftotrustinstincts.

B.TheplanfbrthePeakClubhasn'tbeencarriedout.

C.Thearchitect'sgenderinfluencedherworkdramatically.

D.ZahaHadidwasthefirstarchitecttowinthePritzkerPrize.

58.Howdidthecomputer-basedapproachmakeadifferencetoZahaHadid'swork?

A.Itcontributestorealizingthestrangeideas.

B.Itsimplifiesthecomplexstructureasawhole.

C.Itprovidesnewtoolstotranslatethelanguage.

D.Itservesasaninstrumenttointerprettheconcepts.

59.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A.presentZahaHadid'slifeexperience

B.praiseZahaHadid'sinspirationanddiligence

C.compareZahaHadid'sworksindifferenttimes

D.showZahaHadid'sgreatcontributionstoarchitecture

第13页/总21页

(B)

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Whenyouattendawritingconference,youseeafacadethattookmonthsorlongertomakeup.

Plentyisgoingonbehindthescenes.Lefstakealookbehindthecurtain.

Thedaystartslongbeforeattendeeswalkthroughthedoor.Registrationissetup,signsposted

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