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研究生入学考试2023年考研英语真题Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.___1___,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen___2___fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery___3___ofmoneyitself,”onlyto___4___itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso___5___incoming?
Althoughe-moneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork__6___thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery___7___tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe___8___formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey___9___receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto___10___.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays___11___acheckiscashedandfundsare___12___fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.___13___electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpayment___14___securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation___15___there.ﻫBecausethisisnotan___16___occurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand___17___fundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirown.The___18___ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto___19___securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic___20___thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyencroachingonourprivacy.
1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise
2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]aroundﻫ3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]roleﻫ4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse
5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steadyﻫ6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]onﻫ7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productiveﻫ8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant
9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]printﻫ10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdownﻫ11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when
12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawnﻫ13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though
14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease
15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed
16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclearﻫ17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]returnﻫ18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification
19.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callforﻫ20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trailﻫSectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)ﻫText1ﻫInanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”
Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.ﻫInthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.ﻫYes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2023,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.
Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.
Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.
21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______ﻫ[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances
[B]thealleviationofjobpressureﻫ[C]theshrinkageoftextilemillsﻫ[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomesﻫ22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______ﻫ[A]workoncheapsoftware
[B]askforamoderatesalary
[C]adoptanaveragelifestyleﻫ[D]contributesomethingunique
23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______ﻫ[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased
[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeedﻫ[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore
[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenofferedﻫ24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____ﻫ[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolutionﻫ[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople
[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalizationﻫ[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcenturyﻫ25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?ﻫ[A]NewLawTakesEffectﻫ[B]TechnologyGoesCheap
[C]AverageIsOverﻫ[D]RecessionIsBadText2
Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.
Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.
Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.
Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.ﻫAccommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.ﻫ26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____
[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.
[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.ﻫ[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.
[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.
27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____ﻫ[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.ﻫ[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.
[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.
[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.ﻫ28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___
[A]fiancialincentives.
[B]aglobalrecognition.
[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.ﻫ[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.
29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__ﻫ[A]asfaithfulpartners.
[B]witheconomicfavors.ﻫ[C]withlegaltolerance.ﻫ[D]asmightyrivals.ﻫ30whichofthebesttitleforthepassage?
[A]comeandgo:bigmistake.
[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk.
[C]withorwithout:greatrisk.
[D]legalorillegal:bigmistake.Text3
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwenetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.
Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.
Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.ﻫYetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.ﻫJohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.ﻫOurabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.ﻫ31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.
[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation
[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreactionﻫ[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessmentﻫ[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgmentﻫ32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions____.
[A]canbeassociative
[B]arenotunconscious
[C]canbedangerousﻫ[D]arenotimpulsive
33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.ﻫ[A]trustourfirstimpressionﻫ[B]doaspeopleusuallydoﻫ[C]thinkbeforeweact
[D]askforexpertadviceﻫ34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon____.ﻫ[A]criticalassessment
[B]‘‘thinsliced’’study
[C]sensibleexplanation
[D]adequateinformation
35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.ﻫ[A]tolerant
[B]uncertainﻫ[C]optimisticﻫ[D]doubtfulText4
Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope,stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.ﻫTheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thiposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.
DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?ﻫ“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.
IunderstandReding’sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.ﻫAfterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.
Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers--andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.ﻫ36.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally_____.
[A]womentaketheleadﻫ[B]menhavethefinalsayﻫ[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed
[D]seniormanagementisfamily-friendlyﻫ37.TheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis________.
[A]areflectionofgenderbalance
[B]areluctantchoiceﻫ[C]aresponsetoReding’scallﻫ[D]avoluntaryactionﻫ38.AccordingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen______.
[A]gettopbusinesspositionsﻫ[B]seethroughtheglassceiling
[C]balanceworkandfamily
[D]anticipatelegalresults
39.Theauthor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof_________.
[A]skepticism
[B]objectiveness
[C]indifferenceﻫ[D]approvalﻫ40.Womenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof______.ﻫ[A]moresocialjustice
[B]massivemediaattentionﻫ[C]suitablepublicpolicies
[D]greater“softpressure”PartBﻫDirections:
Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
[A]Livelikeapeasantﻫ[B]Balanceyourdiet
[C]Shopkeepersareyourfriendsﻫ[D]Remembertotreatyourselfﻫ[E]Sticktowhatyouneed
[F]Planningisevervthing
[G]Wastenot,wantnotﻫThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas£60aweektospend,£40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning£130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbetftrestaurants'"atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI'dlost.Butit'sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe'slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He'sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-buteatingwellonabudget.Here'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.
41._____________________
Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it'snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It'salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.ﻫ42____________________________________________________________
Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there'snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.
43_________ﻫYoumayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooff'willbecookedorjuiced.ﻫ44___________________________________ﻫEveryonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,Theyilletyouhaveforfree.
45__________________ﻫYouwon'tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-£1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou£21-morethan"enoughforathree-courselunchat
Michelin-starredArbutus.It's£16.95there-or£12.99foralargepizzafromDomino's:IknowwhichI'drathereat.SectionIIITranslationﻫ46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishtoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)ﻫIcanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek,I’vebeenabletodothis,sinceIwas4.
Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes–trytoputittooneside.Idon'tthinkit'sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesn'tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday–theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.SectionIVWriting
47WritingﻫSupposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.Writeyourclassmatesanemailtoﻫ1)informthemaboutthedetailsandﻫ2)encouragethemtoparticipate100wordsuseLiMing.Don'twriteyouraddress.(10points)PartB(15points)
48Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchartinyourwriting,youshould
(1)interpretthechart,andﻫ(2)giveyourcommentsﻫYoushouldwriteabout150words.答案:
1-5:ADBDC
6-10:BBDBAﻫ11-15:ADCCCﻫ16-20:CABAD【答案详解】
1.[标准答案][A]ﻫ[考点分析]本题考察逻辑关系
[选项分析]由于考察逻辑关系,所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析:填空之后的信息为”atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.”(一个无钞票社会不太也许立即出现),而文章之前的信息都是在说我们也许立即就进入一个无钞票社会,两者之间出现了明显的转折关系,因此只有however符合题意。B.moreover表递进C.therefore表结果D.Otherwise表对比ﻫ2.[标准答案][D]ﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义
[选项分析]根据该句的but可知,其前后句子是转折关系。后一句是说这种形式的社会并没有真正有成果出来,所以前一句应当为这样的预测已经进行了二十年。其它选项不符合题意。
3.[标准答案][B]ﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及名词辨析
[选项分析]该句意思为,1975年的《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段“将不久彻底改变货币自身的____”。四个选项中,A.为力量C“历史”D“角色”,语义不对的,且假如选择role的话,应当是复数roles,由于是金钱的作用不止一个,故答案选B。ﻫ4.[标准答案][D]ﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析]根据only知道,空格处所填单词词义应与前一句的”revolutionize”(变革)发生同义替换,因此ABCD四个选项中只有D.reverse(颠覆)符合。A.reward奖赏B.resist抵抗C.resume重新开始,继续。ﻫ5.[标准答案][C]ﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及形容词词义辨析ﻫ[选项分析]根据上文得知,早在1975年就预测了无钞票社会也许即将到来,而作者谈到事实上“真正的无钞票社会很也许不会立即到来”,因此这种无钞票社会只也许缓慢到来,故答案选择C。A.silent沉寂的,B.sudden忽然的,D.steady平稳的。
6.[标准答案][B]ﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及介词词义辨析ﻫ[选项分析]填空所在段开头although表白对上一段的让步关系,上一段的观点为人们进入无钞票时代的速度变缓慢的因素。因此这一段应当是说明尽管电子支付也许比纸币支付方式更方便更高效,然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的因素,只有Bworkagainst违反、妨碍,符合题意。A.workfor为…而工作C.workwith与…共事,对…起作用D.workon从事…工作,对…起作用,都不合适。ﻫ7.[标准答案][B]ﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及形容词词义辨析
[选项分析]本填空所在句为对纸币支付“不会”消失因素的解释,即推广电子支付方式不利之处。所以该题选项先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative,意思是“虚构的、富于想象力的”;sensitive,意思是“敏感的、易受伤害的”均不符合语义,只能选择悲观含义的选项expensive。ﻫ8.[标准答案][D]
[考点分析]上下文语义及形容词词义辨析ﻫ[选项分析]空格所在句译为...使得电子货币成为____支付方式,将四个选项带入,C,D是比较恰当的,再结合本文章的主旨,应当选择“占主导地位的,支配地位”这层意思的D选项。A.similar相似的B.original原始的,独创的,都不合适。ﻫ9.[标准答案][B]ﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及名词词义辨析ﻫ[选项分析]纸质支票支付拥有可以____收据的优势,而客户一般都不愿____。收据当然是由银行开具,所以只能选择provide。A.collect收集收据,C.copy复印收据,D.print打印收据都和实际生活不符合。ﻫ10.[标准答案][A]
[考点分析]上下文语义及固定搭配ﻫ[选项分析]该动词短语的宾语是前文的something,指代上文的advantage,纸质支票支付可以提供收据这一优势,肯定是消费者不愿放弃的。和优势相搭配的动词短语不能是B.takeover接管,也不能是C.bringback拿回来,D.passdown传递、遗传也不符合。A.giveup放弃一种优势,符合语境,为对的答案。
11.[标准答案]A
[考点分析]上下文逻辑关系
[选项分析]本句是来解释“float”的。空格前面意为“需要花几天”后半句意为纸支票兑现。上文提到讲纸支票的兑现不像是电子支票,是不会立即完毕的,所以在纸支票在兑现前要是需要时间的。Abefore“在。。。之前”。Bafter“在。。。之后”。Csince“自从”。Dwhen“当。。。的时候”。结合上下文意思,很明显只有A符合语境。
12.[标准答案]Dﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析ﻫ[选项分析]从“and”一词可以看出此题与此11题紧密相连,若能对的理解上一题,此处就很容易选出。意思是在纸支票兑现及钱从帐户取出之前,Akept“保持”。Bborrowed“借”。Creleased“释放,发布”。Dwithdraw“取钱”。所以结合上下文可以得出只有D项符合语境。ﻫ13.[标准答案]C
[考点分析]上下文逻辑关系ﻫ[选项分析]前句子含义是电子支票是及时的,后半句含义是用户不能享有“浮动”带来有好处。可以看出整句话是一个由于关系。A.Unless“除非”。B.Until“直到。。。才”。C.Because“由于”。D.Though“然而”。根据上下文含义,应选C.ﻫ14.[标准答案]Cﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析]此处是一个短句,明显缺少一个谓语动词,通过最后一个单词concerns可以看出本句的含义是电子支付方式引发安全及隐私的问题。四个选项中只有raise和concerns搭配时符合文意。所以选C。ﻫ15.[标准答案]C
[考点分析]后置定语
[选项分析]存储信息是通常有固定的动词store。所以选C。
16.[标准答案]C
[考点分析]上下文语义及动词词义辨析ﻫ[选项分析]上文提出电子支票的坏处,本句话意思是“由于这种事情经常发生”,所以形容意思应为普遍的,但由于本句用的双重否认表肯定,所以选填词汇意思应为不普遍的。结合选项Aunsafe“不安全”。Bunnatural“不自然的”。Cuncommon“不是普遍的”Dﻫunclear“不清楚的”。所以只有C项符合本句话意思。ﻫ17.[标准答案]Aﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及动词义辨析ﻫ[选项分析]本句话是讲电子支票的存在的风险,含义是那些不道德的人就也许通过转移帐户从而偷取别人的存款。动词应为贬义,可以排除[B][C][D]选项。故选[A]。
18.[标准答案]Bﻫ[考点分析]上下文语义及名词义辨析
[选项分析]上文提出电子支票的风险,本句话提出解决办法,但是防止此类诈骗不是容易的事。结合选项Aconsideration“考虑”。Bprevetion“阻止,防止”。Cmanipulation“操纵”Djusitification“理由,辩护”。结合语境只有B符合。
19.[标准答案]A
[考点分析]动词固定搭配
[选项分析]根据上下文应当选一个“应对”安全问题含义的动词词组,所以可以排除C项和D项,B是“对抗,反抗”,A是“解决应对”,所以A项是最佳答案。
20.[标准答案]Dﻫ[选项分析]上下文语义及名词词义辨析ﻫ[考点分析]本句提出电子支票的另一个风险,电子支票可追踪涉及大量有关个人购物习惯的信息。根据文意可以排除A项和B项,Cpath“小路,道路,强调途径。Dtrail“痕迹,踪迹”,符合上下文,所以选D。21.标准答案:Aﻫ考点分析:此题考察考生对文章细节信息的把握能力,解题的关键在于定位和辨别细节信息。
选项分析:根据题干提醒信息,我们定位到文章第一段的最后两句“…amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”,说如自动化的纺织厂,他们只需要两个员工“一个人外加一条狗。人是负责喂狗的,狗是让人不要靠近机器的。”近年来考研阅读经常用故事或是笑话引出文章所要谈论的主题。因此,我们再继续看第二段内容。第二段引出文章话题:全球化和信息科技革命进步是导致失业率居高不下、中产阶级收入下降的重要因素。因此选择答案A。选项B为就业压力的缓解,与本文谈论话题向左;选项C现代纺织厂规模的缩减,望文生义;选项D中产阶级收入的减少,不是文章谈论的重点,文章重在谈论导致中产阶级收入的减少的因素。
22.标准答案:Dﻫ考点分析:此题考察考生对文章细节信息的把握能力,解题的关键在于定位和辨别细节信息。
选项分析:根据题干提醒信息,我们定位到文章第三段的倒数第二句“Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment”,“因此,人人都需要有此外的价值:异于常人的独特价值可以让他们在各自的雇佣市场上脱颖而出。”standout与题干中的successful同义复现,题干中问我们为了成为成功的雇员,他必须怎么做。答案D中的contributesomethingunique是对theiruniquevaluecontribution的同义改写,因此,答案选择D。其他三个选项均与文章内容不相符合。选项A,workoncheapsoftware继续生产便宜的软件;选项B,askforamoderatesalary索要适当的薪水;选项C,adoptanaveragelifestyle选择一般的生活方式。
23.标准答案:B
考点分析:此题考察考生对文章细节信息的定位和理解能力。此类题目的解题关键在于根据题干信息定位,本题的“Paragraph4”,“quotation”即为定位信息。ﻫ选项分析:根据第四段引用的Davidson的原话,“2023年之前的十年内,美国工厂裁撤工人速度之快,基本上等于过去70年新增的工人数量;大约每三个工作岗位就有一个岗位消失了,总共约有600万之多。”可知引用这段话的主题为裁人,且速度不久,这符合B项工作机会急速消失,故此项为对的答案。AC两项文章中没有提到,D项和B项互为相反项,结合文章来看工作机会在消失而不是出现了新的工作机会,故D项错误。
24.标准答案:Bﻫ考点分析:此题考察考生对文章的细节信息的把握能力,关键在于定位和对文章的理解。
选项分析:根据题干信息提醒“unemployment”,结合自然段定位法,我们不难定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句“Herearethelatestunemploymentratesfrom…”下面是美国劳工局对美国25岁以上人群的最新失业率记录:高中学历都没有的失业率为13.8%;有高中学历,但没有大学学历的为8.7%;有大学或大专学历的为7.7%;有学士甚至更高学位的只有4.1%。从这句话可知失业率重要和员工的受教育限度相关。因此假如想要减少失业率,最重要的应当是选项B“保证更多的人受到教育”。ACD项均和文章不符。
25.标准答案:C
考点分析:本题考核的知识点是全文主旨。可以根据文章中的重要内容作答,亦可以根据以上题目的共同焦点作答。
选项分析:文章第一段通过一个笑话指出现代化社会技术的进步限度,使得劳动力大大减少。其余各段进一步论证了失业率的增长,因此一个追求平庸的时代已经结束了,人们需要提高自身教育水平,才可以保证不被淘汰。最后一段第一句话再次强调说平庸时代已经正式结束了。因此选项C为最恰当的标题。A项“新的法律要实行”仅在最后一段提到一句,不能涵盖文章主旨。B项“科技走向便宜”不符合文意。D项“经济衰退有害”与文章无关。26.【答案】C(stayinaforeigntemporarily)ﻫ【解析】词汇题。根据题干关键词定位,定位到第一段最后一句。在這句中,Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.,they这个代词承前指代,指四分之一的意大利移民。有些人要再美国定居(permanenthome),但是一些人只是在美国暂时居住,要回国(hadnointentiontostay).一定要注意理解这个倒装结构:Alongwith….camethosewho……,那些没有要回国的是我们要强调的。通过这句我们能选择出C选项。这A项只是说一世纪前的横跨大西洋的移民们,没有说birdsofpassage来自于哪里。B项虽然有forgood但是与原文意思相反。原文是移民们会永远的回到意大利,而不是选项当中的离开自己的祖国。D项文中首段并未提及。
27.【答案】C(shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges)
【解析】推理题
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