2023年刘洪波雅思阅读剑48同义词替换汇总

刘洪波雅思阅读剑4－8同义词替换汇总Cambridｇｅ同义词替换大全同义词替换（剑四）TESＴ1TESＴ２TEＳT3ＴESＴ4同义词替换（剑五)ＴＥST1TEST2TESＴ3TEST４同义词替换(剑六）TＥＳT1TEST２TEST3TESＴ4同义词替换（剑七）TＥST１ＴEＳT2TEＳＴ3TＥＳT4同义词替换(剑八)TEST1ＴＥST2TESＴ3TEST４Cambridge4TEST11.ignore=paynｏattenｔiｏn＝ｎｏtpayａｎyａttｅｎtion=tａｋｅnonｏtice＝ｎottakeanynotice忽略,无视v.2.encouｎter=ｆａｃe=confronｔ=meet碰见,遭遇v.3.miｓtakeｎｖiew=miscoｎcepｔioｎ错误的观点n．４．eａsｙtoｒeach=aｃcｅssiｂlｅ容易达成的ａdｊ.5.change=ｍｏdify(modificatioｎ)改变v．6．destｒuction＝dｅstroｙ＝loss毁坏n.７.investigatｅ=ｍａｋeinquirｉes=enｑuｉriｅｓ＝gｏiｎtｏ＝proｂe=lookｉnｔｏ调查ｖ.８．where=ｇｅoｇraphｉcalｌocａtiｏn表地点9．important=ｖｉtal=eｓseｎｔiaｌ=cruｃiaｌ重要的adj.１0.reaｓon＝cause=ｆａctｏr=oriｇinｓ=ｒoot=stimulus＝imｐetuｓ因素teｃt=guａrd＝sａｆｅｇuarｄ=shｉeld＝ｃoｎseｒvation保护v.１２.newspａpｅrs,televisｉon=medｉa媒体n．13.ｗhｅｒetolｉｖe=habitat居住地ｎ.14.ｇeｔｗａrmer=globaｌwarminｇ变暖n.１5.contｒｉbutｅto=pｌaｙａｐａrｔ有助于v.16.ｓurvｉve=continuｉnｇexistenｃe幸存,活下来ｖ.17.curricuｌum=course=syllａbus课程ｎ．18.linｋtｏ=bｅｃonnecｔｅdwｉth=belinkｅdｗｉth把…和…相联系v.19．underdeveloped=dｅgｅnｅｒateｄ=rudｉmｅｎtａrｙ不发达的ａｄj.20．ｐｏｏr＝baｄ=ｂadlｙ=notverｙgood=nogoｏdatｓomethiｎｇ=wｅａｋ贫穷的，可怜的aｄj．２1.exｃeptionaｌ=good=ｅｘcellenｔ=ｏutｓtaｎｄiｎg=ｂrilliaｎｔ=impresｓｉvｅ=ａdｍiraｂle超常的，例外的adj.２2.ｍatinｇ=cｏｕｒtsｈip交配.23．follow＝track=tail=shａdｏw=hound＝stａlk=sｔａlkｅｒ跟随,跟踪v.２4.gｏｏdｖisｉonability=ｖisionisobvｉoｕslｙmoreuｓeｆul…好的视力25.ｂest=weｌl＝gｒeatest=finest＝ideal=ｔoｐ=nuｍbeｒｏnｅ=ｕltimaｔe=oｐtｉmuｍ=deｆinitｉve=uｎsuｒｐａｓseｄ＝record-ｂreaking极好的adj.２6.ｓｕrpriseｄ＝ａmａzeｄ＝astonｉshed=ａｓｔoｕndｅd=bｅtａｋenaback=sｔartlｅｄ感到惊讶的aｄj．27．volunteer=ｓｕbject实验研究对象n.28．similar=ｒesｅmblｅ=like＝ａlike相似的adj.２9．blind=ｃannotsｅｅ瞎的aｄj.Cａｍbridge４ＴEＳT２1．iｎiｔｉaｔｉｖe=oｎｙourown/bｙｙoｕｒsｅｌｆ=ｉndepｅｎdentｌｙ＝oｎｙourｏwniｎiｔiatｉvｅ=ｕｎｄerｙouｒownsteaｍ=tobeｔhepersｏnｗhoｓtartｓsｏmething＝pｌan=ｌａw积极的,自发的aｄj.积极权n.2.increase＝ｇoup＝ｒｉse=groｗ=climb=gain=escａlate=pickｕｐ=widen＝beontheincrease＝inteｎsify=expand＝buiｌdｕp上升，增长v.3.ｔeach=educaｔｅ=train=coach＝iｎｓtｒuｃt＝bｒｉnguｐ教学ｖ.4．ｍorｅtｈaｎoｎelaｎguage=ｂilingual=sb＇ssecondlａnguａge多种语言ｎ.５.detｅｒｍｉne＝eｓtaｂliｓｈ=iｄｅntiｆｙ=pｉｎpｏint=ｄiａgｎose决定ｖ.６.youngpｅｏpｌｅ＝teenａｇeｒ=ｙouｔｈ=iｎyourteens=ａdolesceｎt＝miｎoｒ年轻人n．7.ｃommunity=ａllthｅpeoｐleinａparticｕlararｅａ,ｃiｔy,counｔryetc.群体，团队,社区n．8.traditional=ｏld－fashionｅd=ｏutｄatｅd＝outmｏdeｄ＝uｎｆａshiｏｎable传统的adj.９.faｉl=ｆailuｒｅ=ｎotsuｃｃeed＝unｓｕccesｓｆuｌ＝ｖaｉｎ=frｕｉtless=unprｏｄｕcｔｉve=beafａiluｒe=gowroｎg=notｗork=donｏgood＝ｆaｌlｔhrough失败v.１0．ｅｎdangｅr＝ｔoｐｕtsomeoｎeorｓｏmetｈingindanｇeroｆbeｉnｇhurt=dａmagｅd＝ｄｅstroyed危及，使危险v.1１.dｉverse=ｖariｅd=vaｒiety＝wｉdｅ-raｎging＝ｍｉxed各种各样的adj.1２.ｉneｖiｔabｌe=cerｔａiｎtoｈａpｐenaｎdiｍpoｓsｉｂleｔｏaｖoid不可避免的adj.13．dｉffｅrfrｏm＝unｕsｕal与…不同v.１4.ｒelucｔanｔ=unwiｌliｎg=notwilｌｉng=dｒａgyourfeet=bｅloathtodoｓomｅｔhｉng＝cｏｎseｒvａtive勉强的ａdj.15．cｏnsult=askｓoｍebodｙ'sadvｉcｅ＝sｅekadvｉce=geｔ／obtａｉnaｄvice资询v.16.ａｌternatiｖe＝another=ｏtｈer=different=nｅｗ=elｓｅ=variatiｏn=vａriant另一个17．ｔherapisｔ＝ｓoｍeonewｈoｈａsbeentrainedtｏgiｖeａpaｒｔｉｃuｌarfoｒmoｆtreatmeｎtｆoｒｐhysicaｌormentalｉllnesｓ临床医学家n.18．reｔraｉn=ｔakiｎgcourses再教育ｖ.１9.ｓalａｒｙ=paｙ=wage＝ｉncome=eａrnings=fee工资,收入n．２0.lｏng-ｔerm＝ｃｈrｏnic=long-ruｎnｉnｇ=ｌong－sｔaｎdinｇ=lasting=lｉfeloｎg=pｒoｌonged=lｉngering=ｅnｄuring＝abｉdｉｎｇ=incurable长期的adｊ.2１.ｃomｐlainｔ=complaｉn=makeaｃomｐlaint＝prｏtest=object=complaｉn抱怨n.22.illnｅss＝diseasｅ＝ｖirｕs＝ｂuｇ＝infｅｃtiｏn疾病ｎ．23.coｎnection＝relationship=liｎk＝ｃoｒrｅlatｉoｎ联系ｎ．２4.ｂeneficial=ｂegoodfoｒyoｕ/dｏsomebodyｇooｄ=whｏｌｅsome=nutｒitｉｏuｓ=ｎoｕrishing＝ｈealthfuｌ有益的adj．25．iｎsight=coｍprｅhｅnsiｏn=understandｉng理解，见解ｎ.26.ｐhｙsical＝rｅlaｔingtotheｂody=bodily身体的ａdj.27.haｚard=risk=dangｅｒ=tｈｒeaｔ障碍，危险n．28．acｃompaｎｙ=ｗｉtｈ＝tｏｇetheｒ=ａloｎgwith＝comｅｗit陪同，随着２９.ｍenｔaｌ＝relatingtoｔheheaｌthorstaｔｅofsomeone'smind精神上的,心理的adｊ．3０.pｏｓsiｂｌｅ=pｏｓｓibiliｔy＝can=ｐotｅnｔial=thｅreisaｃhance/possiｂｉlｉty也许的ａdj.３1．ｒeduｃtiｏn=decrease=drｏｐ=ｆaｌl=cut减少n.3２.clａsｓ=ｔype＝kind=sort=style=ｃaｔegory=variety种类n.３3.rehearｓal=practice=trainiｎg=run-tｈｒouｇｈ=eｘercｉse排练,演习ｎ.3４.ｐeer=youｒpeeｒsareｔｈｅpeｏplｅwhoarｅthｅsamｅageaｓyou,ｏrwhｏhavetheｓametyｐeofjoｂ,socｉalclaｓｓetc同伴ｎ.35．defensiｖe=useｄorｉntendｅｄtｏprotecｔｓomeoneoｒsｏmｅthｉngagainsｔattacｋ防御ｎ．36.straｔegy＝ｗay＝methｏｄ＝apｐroach=teｃhnique=ｓysｔem＝tactics方法，功略ｎ.37.ａssist=ｈelp=aiｄ=witｈtｈｅａidof帮助ｖ．38.ｓｐｅｃｉfic=give（sｏmebody）morｅdetails＝expanｄoｎ=enｌargeon＝goｉntomｏre=greaterdｅtaiｌ=ｂemorespeｃiｆic=bｅmｏrｅｅxplicit=eｌabｏrａtｅ特定的aｄj.3９.substancｅ=aｐaｒtｉcularｔｙpeofｓｏlid,liquiｄ，oｒgａs物质n.４0．surroundｉnｇs=environｍｅnt＝circｕmstａnce环境n．41.eｎgage＝givｅsｏｍeｂodyａｊob=empｌoy=ｔａkeon=ａppoint＝recrｕit=ｓｉgnup雇佣v.４2.coｍbiｎｅ=ｍix=ｓｔir=beａt＝bｌend=ｗhｉsk=ｄilute联合v．43.ｓｕrvival＝theｓｔａteｏfconｔinuiｎｇtoliveoreｘist幸存n.Cambridge4TEST３1.ｑuoｔａｔion＝asentencｅｏrｐhｒaｓefromabooｋ,speeｃhｅｔcwｈichyouｒeｐeａtinａspeｅｃhｏｒpieceofwritiｎgｂｅｃauｓｅｉtiｓｉnｔｅreｓtingｏrａmusiｎg引言n.2.exeｍplify＝ｅxaｍple=case=insｔanｃe＝tｏbeaｖeｒｙtypicａlｅxampleofｓomethiｎg=toｇｉveanｅｘampｌeofsomething例证v.3.ｅxplaiｎ=tell＝saｙwhａｔ／ｗｈy/wherｅeｔc=shoｗ=deｍｏｎsｔrate=ｇｏtｈrough=ｔhroｗ/sｈｅdlightｏn＝setout解释v.４.outlｉｎe=todeｓｃribｅsomethinginaｇeneralwaｙ,givingthemainpoinｔsbutｎoｔｔheｄetails概述ｖ．5.purpｏsｅ＝aim=poinｔ＝idea＝objeｃｔiｖe=obｊect＝gｏaｌ＝targｅt＝ｅnd目的n．6.eｎｃoｕｒage=pｅrsｕade＝pｅｒｓｕasｉoｎ=gｅtsｏｍebodytｏdoｓomethｉng=infｌueｎｃe=eｎcouｒaｇe=talksomeboｄyinto=puｔｓomeboｄyuｐtｏ鼓励v．7.loａn=anaｍouｎtofmonｅythatyoubｏrrowfｒomａbankeｔc.贷款n．８．pｏｖerty=bｅinｇｐｏor贫穷n.9.ｃrimｅ＝illegalactivｉtｉesiｎgeneraｌ犯罪n．10.reject=ｔorefuseｔoaccept,belｉeveiｎ,ｏrａgreeｗｉthsomeｔｈing拒绝v.11.employ=ｇｉvesｏmｅbodyａjoｂ=takeon=enｇaｇe=aｐpoint=recruit=signup雇佣v.12.courier＝aｐersonorcoｍpanythaｔｉspａidｔｏｔａkepackagｅssomewheｒe快递员n.13.ｓtorａge=ｋeeｐ=ｓtorｅ=keepｓometｈingｉnｓｔｏrａge=preservｅ存储n.14.faｃilｉty=ｒoomｓ,eqｕipｍｅｎｔ,oｒservicｅsｔhatarｅprovidedｆoｒapaｒｔiｃulａrpurｐｏse设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-ｈｕnｇry／ｐower-mａd=comｐeｔitiｖｅ＝deｔｅｒmiｎedtｏbｅsucceｓsｆuｌ,ｒｉch,powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adｊ.16.efｆort=ｔｏtｒyvｅryhardtodosomeｔhｉng=ａttemｐt＝campaｉｇn=drivｅ努力ｎ.17．feature=aｐartofsｏmetｈｉngｔhatyounｏtiｃｅbeｃａusｅitseｅmsimpoｒtaｎt,inｔeｒｅsting，ortypical;ａpartofthｅlaｎd，espeｃiａｌｌyapａrtthａtyoucａnseｅ:apａrtofｓｏmｅone'sfａce,suchastｈeireｙｅs,noseetｃ特点n.１８.plaｎet=ｔheworｌd=ｅarｔh/Eａｒth=thegｌｏbe地球n.１9.uｎprｅdｉctaｂｌe＝cａn'tsaｙ/tell=unforｅseeaｂle=ｉｔremaｉnstobｅseen无法预测的adj．２0.ｍachiｎery＝ｍachines,ｅｓpeciaｌlylargeｏneｓ＝asystemorsetｏfpｒｏcesseｓforｄoｉｎｇsoｍｅthiｎｇ=machine＝ｄevｉce=rｏbot＝apｐlｉaｎce=mechanｉｓｍ机械ｎ.21.ｕltimate=someone＇sｕｌtimａｔeaimisｔheiｒｍａinandmostiｍｐｏrtaｎtaiｍ,ｔhatｔhｅyhopetｏachieveintｈeｆuture=ｆｉnal最终的，主线的ａｄj．22.ａｔｍospheｒe=theｆｅelｉｎgｔhａtanevｅntorpｌacegｉｖesyou=ｔhｅmixｔureofgasｅstｈaｔsurroundsｔheEaｒtｈ气氛;大气n.23.occur＝happeｎ＝takeplace＝thｅreiｓ=coｍeａbouｔ=cｏmeup=turnuｐ=ａrｉse＝strｉｋe发生v．2４.ｅxpand=getbｉgｇｅｒ=grow=sweｌlup=sｔreｔch扩张，扩大v.25.form=ｔypｅ=waｙsoｍeｔhingis/aｐpears＝sｈape形式ｎ．２6.emerge=apｐｅａr＝becｏmevｉsｉbｌｅ=comｅｉntoview/comeintosｉght＝coｍｅout=rｅaｐpｅaｒ出现ｖ.２7.ｅｍiｔ=ｔｏsenｄoｕｔgａs,ｈeａt，liｇht，soundetc发出,放射n.28.situatioｎ=ｃirｃumstａnces=poｓitioｎ=case=ｐｌight情况，状况n．29.self－conｓciｏus=worrieｄandembａｒｒassｅdaｂoutｗｈａtyoulｏoｋlｉkeorwhatoｔｈerpｅopｌｅthinkofyoｕ自觉的n．30．generate=toｍakｅsomeonehaｖeａparｔｉｃulａrfeeling=form=pｒoduce=creatｅ产生v.31．variｏｕs=ｔhereaｒesｅvｅraldifｆerenttypｅsofｔhaｔｔhing=dｉｆｆerenｔ=avaｒｉetyofｓomethｉng=ｄｉｆfering=varｙinｇ=aｎaｓsｏrtｍentofsomethiｎg＝assorｔed=ａmｉｘofsomｅthｉｎg=amixtureoｆsomeｔhinｇ各种各样的aｄj．32.coｎvenｉeｎt=ａｔhiｎgorｗaｙofdｏingｓomethinｇthatｉseasyaｎdｑuick;atimｅorａrraｎgemeｎtthａtisconvenienｔ方便的ａdj.33.objeｃtivｅ=imｐａrtｉａl=neutｒal=nottａkeｓides=unbiased=dｉsｉntｅrested客观的aｄj．３4．ｅnquiry＝iｎvｅstigate=maｋｅinquiries/eｎquiries=gointo=probe＝loｏkintｏ=soｌve=beｕnｄerｉnｖestigation调查35.ｏｂｓｅrｖe=noｔice=cansee/ｃantell=see＝ｓpot＝deｔect=ｎｏteｂｅcoｍeaware/conscｉoｕs=cａtｃhsomeｂoｄy'ｓeｙe＝peｒcｅｉve观测ｖ.36.coｍmeｎｔ＝remａrk＝thiｎgtｏsay=ｐoｉｎｔ=statemeｎt＝ａnnouncement=ｄｅclaratiｏｎ=obserｖatｉoｎ评论3７．include=consiｓtｏf＝comｐrisｅ＝bｅｃomposeｄｏf＝bemadeupof包含，涉及v.38.focｕｓｏn=dealsｏnlyｗith=coｎcentrate专注于ｖ.39.affect=ｈaveaｎeffect＝ｈaveanimpact=taｋeｅｆfect＝makeadifｆerｅｎce=impａｃｔ影响v.40.gainｅｄfｒom＝coｍｅｆｒom=ｂeｂａsedｏn＝origiｎaｔe=goｂackto=ｈaveitｓorｉgｉnｓiｎ＝haveitsｒootsｉn=deｒｉvefrｏm/beｄeriveｄｆｒom=dｅvｅｌopfrom/evolvefrom产生于….V.4１.cｏnｃern＝wｏrrｙ=ｓｔress＝ａnxｉeｔｙ＝straｉｎ=aｆeelｉngoｆworryaboutsomｅthingｉmportant关心,紧张ｎ.Ｃambriｄgｅ4TＥSＴ4１．oｆficial=ｆoｒmal=authorizｅd=oｎ(thｅ)recｏｒd官方的,正式的ａｄj.2.athletic=physicallystrongandgｏoｄａtsｐort=fit=bｅinｓhape＝beingoｏdcoｎditioｎ运动的adj.3．ｉnｔensive=ｉnvoｌviｎgalotｏｆactivｉtｙ,efforｔ,oｒcarefｕlaｔtentionｉnasｈｏrtperiodoｆtｉme=rａｐｉd=cｒａshcourse密集的，加强的adj.4．burst＝ａshｏrｔsｕddeneｆｆｏrtorｉnｃｒeaｓｅiｎactivitｙ=bｕrstoｆａnger/entｈｕsｉａｓｍ/tempｅｒetc爆炸,突发５.rｅcognizｅ=ｋnow=ｉｄｅntｉｆy=ｐｉckｏut=tｅlｌ认出,认可ｖ．6.inａdｅquａte＝nｏｔenouｇh＝toｏｌiｔtle=ｆew=scaｒce=inｓｕfｆiciｅnt=beiｎshortｓupｐly=laｃkofｓomething=bｅshorｔ局限性的adｊ．7.develoｐ＝comｅfｒom=bebasedoｎ＝ｏriｇｉｎate＝gobａcktｏ=haｖeitsｏrｉginsin=haveｉtsrooｔsｉｎ=ｄeｒivｅfrom=ｂederiveｄfroｍ＝bｅfouｎdedｏｎ＝growouｔof=develoｐfrom＝evolvefrom发展，生长v.8.enable=makesｏmetｈｉngpossｉｂｌe＝ａｌloｗ=peｒｍｉｔ=pａｖｅｔhewayfor=ｃlｅａrthewayfor使可以v.９.predicｔ＝anｔicipate=forecast=foreteｌl=prediｃｔｉon＝projeｃｔeｄ＝gｕｅssinadvanｃｅ预测ｖ.10.ｓpｅcｉalisｔ＝ｓomeonｅｗhoｋnowsalｏtaboutaｐaｒticulaｒsubject,orｉsveryskilledａtiｔ=exｐｅrｔ专家n．11．theorｅｔiｃaｌ=relaｔiｎgｔoｔhestｕdｙｏｆideaｓ,eｓpecialｌyｓciｅnｔｉficｉdeas，rａthｅrthanwiｔhpractiｃａｌusesｏfｔheｉdeasorpraｃticａlexperience理论的ａdj.1２.basiｃ＝fundａmenｔal=essentiaｌ=ｃenｔrａｌ=uｎderlｙｉng＝sｉmpｌe=cｒude＝priｍitive=rudiｍeｎtary=ｕnｓopｈisticated=loｗ-teｃh基本的ａdj.13.naｔｕｒe＝plａｎtｓ/anｉmalseｔc=somebｏdy'scharactｅr＝qualiｔiesoｆｓomｅthinｇ＝ｔyｐe自然n.1４.ａｉm=ｐｕrpose＝ｐoｉnt＝ideａ=objｅctive=object=ｇoal=target=ｅnd目的n．１５.trａnｓlａtｅ=chａnｇｅlaｎｇuageｓ=interｐreｔ＝putsomethinｇｉｎtｏＥnｇlish／French/Japanesｅetc翻译v.1６．ａnciｅnt=ｂelongｉngｔoatiｍelｏnｇａｇｏｉnｈiｓtory，especｉalｌythousａndsofｙｅarsaｇo古老的ａdｊ.1７.rｅalistic=ｗheｎpiｃｔｕreｓ,fiｌmsｅtcｍａkethingssｅｅmreａl=ｌifelike=ｒｅalisｍ=truetoliｆe=ｖiｖid实际的,现实的18．fielｄ=areａ＝branch=world=ｄomaｉｎ＝reaｌm=sphere领域ｎ.19.dｏcｕmｅnt=apｉeceｏfpaperthatｈaｓoffｉciａｒmationonｉt；apieｃeofwrｉttenwｏrkｔhatisstorｅｄonａcomputer文献n．２0．eｑuａl=theｓamｅinｎｕmbeｒ，aｍount,ｌeveleｔｃassomeｔhingelse平等的adj.21.iｎfｌｕｅnce=effｅcｔ=sidｅｅfｆｅct=ｉmｐact＝whａｔsomｅtｈiｎgdoesｔｏ=thｅimpliｃatｉoｎs影响ｎ.2２．behavior=maｎneｒ=coｎduct=behave=weｌl-beｈaｖｅd=good=ｂeoｎｙourｂeｓｔ=ｓｔayoutoftｒoｕｂｌｅ行为n．23.ｃｏｍpare=toｅｘａminｅoｒjｕdｇetｗooｒmorethｉnｇsinordertoshowhowtheyaresimｉlarｔoordｉfferｅntfroｍeachotｈer=ｌiｋｅn=mａkeaｃｏｍｐａriｓｏｎ=draｗaｎaｎａloｇｙ＝ｄrawaｐaｒaｌlel=contrａst比较v.2４.econｏmicallｙ=iｎawａytｈａtｉｓrｅlatedtoｓｙsｔemｓｏｆmoney,tradｅ,orｂｕｓiness经济上地adv.25．estaｂlish＝ｄeterｍine=ｉdeｎtiｆy=ｐｉｎpｏｉｎｔ=diａgｎoｓe=toｓtａrtａneｗbusiｎesｓｏrorｇanizａtion.建立新的生意/组织ｖ．2６.ｓｕｓtaiｎabｌe=aｂlｅtｏcｏntｉnｕｅwiｔｈouｔcａusingdａmａｇｅtoｔｈｅeｎvirｏnmenｔ;ableｔｏcoｎtinｕefｏｒalongtime可连续的adｊ．２7.ｒealize=knｏw＝be/becomeawaｒe=canｔｅll＝appreciate=bｅconsciｏus=kｎｏwpｅrfectlywｅｌl=knoｗ/learnｆｒｏmexpeｒieｎce意识到v.28.limｉt=ｒｅstrict=sｅt/imｐosｅ／putalｉmit=keepto／ｋeｅpｗitｈiｎ=cｏnｆiｎe=ｆｉx限制2９.proｄuce＝forｍ=creaｔe=gｅneratｅ生产ｖ.30.ｇuaranｔeｅ=ｐromiｓe＝assure=giｖesomebodyyoｕrwoｒｄ=sｗｅar=vow=ｃｏmmitto＝plｅdge保证v．31.lｉｂerty=freｅｄom＝afreeｈand自由n.32.ｉndeｐendence＝seｌf－suｆfiｃieｎｃy=ｓelf－relianｃe独立n.33.cｏｎsistenｔ=aｌｗａyｓbehavingiｎthesaｍｅwayｏrhavingthｅsameａttitudes,standarｄｓｅtc－usuａlｌyusedｔoｓhoｗappｒoval连续的adｊ.34.underestｉmatｅ=ｔoｔhiｎｋｏｒguｅsstｈatsoｍethingissmallｅｒ,ｃhｅapeｒ，easiereｔcｔhaｎｉｔrealｌyis=toｔhiｎｋthaｔsomeoneiｓnｏｔasgooｄ,clever,orｓkiｌful，astｈeyrealｌyaｒｅ低估visｉon=ｗｈenyouｐrovｉdeｓｏmetｈiｎgｔhａtsｏｍｅoneｎeedsｎoworinthefutｕrｅ提供n．Camｂｒidｇe5TEST11.prｏdｕｃe=develoｐ=ｍａnｕfacturｅ生产v．2.ｃentｒal=middle中心的ａdj.３．didnothａｖe=wiｔhｏｕt没有ｖ.４．bｒing=confｅr=ａwａrd＝presｅnｔ=ｇｒant＝ｃoｎｆｅｒ=ａlloｃａte＝ｏffer带来v.5.ｔimeｌimit=dｅadliｎe时间限制，期限n.6.inｃｒｅasｅ=ｇoup／rise=ｇｒｏw＝ｃliｍb=ｇain=escalate=exｐaｎｄ=piｃkup=widen=inteｎsify=bｕildup增长７.assistanｔ＝helｐeｒ=ｃoach助手n．8.ｉｍｍense＝bｉg＝mａjor=ｃonsiｄerａｂｌｅ＝greａt=hｕge/enｏｒmous=tｒｅｍｅｎｄoｕs=largescalｅ/lａrｇe-ｓcale巨大的adj.９.illusｔrate=ｓhow=beａsｉgn=ｄemoｎsｔｒaｔe=ｍean=makｅｃleaｒ=reflｅct=teｌｌ＝beevidenｃe=reveal表白，显示ｖ．10.quoｔation=aｐhrａseoｒｓenteｎcetｈａtｉsｗell-knoｗnoroftenused引用语ｎ．11.ｐｒｅdecｅssor=soｍeonｅwｈｏｈａdyｏuｒjobbｅfoｒeyoｕｓtarteｄdoｉnｇit前辈,前任ｎ.12.rivａl=aperｓon,grｏup，ororgaｎizatioｎｔhatyｏucoｍｐetewｉｔｈiｎsｐorｔ，bｕｓｉｎｅｓs,aｆightetc=compｅtｉtor对手，竞争者n.13.dｉｓtｒactioｎ＝ｓomeｔｈingｔhａtstopsyoｕpaｙingaｔｔｅnｔiｏntoｗｈatyoｕaredoiｎg分心的事物n．14.fault=ｄefect=problｅm=trouble=flａw＝weakness=bug=viｒus=beｓomethiｎgwroｎgwith错误,缺陷1５．cornerstｏｎｅ=baｓiｓ=fｏｕnｄation=tｈｅkｅy基石n．１6.ｃonfer＝ａwaｒd＝preｓeｎｔ＝granｔ=allocaｔe给予v.17．ｓｔability=thｅcondｉtioｎofbeingstｅａdｙａndｎotchaｎging稳定n.18.ｐrevail＝ｗin=cｏmeｏutontop＝prｅvａｉｌ＝ｃarｒytｈeday流行，获胜ｖ.1９.coｎｔｒact=agreement=unｄerｓtａndiｎg=comｐromisｅ合约n.20.grant=ａwaｒd=pｒｅｓent=ｃonfer＝ａllｏcａte给予v.21．ｆaｓｃｉnａte=ifｓomeoneoｒsomｅthingｆaｓcｉnａtesｙｏu,ｙｏuａreａttractedtotｈemａndtｈiｎkｔｈeyarｅextreｍelyinteresｔinｇ吸引，使着迷ｖ．22．diｓtｕrb=ｉnｔerruｐｔ=botheｒ＝ｄistｒacｔ＝putsomｅbｏdyoff打扰v．23.exｐeｃt＝thｉnｋ=ａnｔicipaｔe预期，期待v.24.psｙchology=theｓtudｙofｔheｍiｎdandhowitｉnflueｎcespeｏｐle'ｓbｅhavior心理学n.2５.ｏｂey＝coｍplywith＝abｉｄeｂy=keepto=ｓｔiｃktotheruｌｅｓ=ｃonfoｒmｔo=obｓｅrｖe=respect=toetheline＝gobｙｔhｅboｏk/dosｏmethingbytheｂooｋ服从,顺从v．26.iｄentiｔｙ＝sｏmｅｏne'ｓｉｄentityｉｓtｈeirｎameoｒwhotheｙarｅ身份n.27．ｓｅverｉtｙ=usｅdofｔhｅdegreeofsomeｔhｉnｇundeｓiｒabｌe严重性n．28.uｎfold=open=ｈappｅｎ=deveｌop=expand展开,发生v.２9.dｅlibｅrａtely=iｎtentｉonalｌｙ=onｐurpose=puｒposely故意地aｄｖ.3０.mｏral＝ｒeｌａtｉｎｇtoｔhｅprｉｎcｉpｌeｓｏfwhatｉsｒightanｄwrongbｅｈａvｉoｒ,ａｎｄwｉthｔheｄifferencebetweｅngoodandevｉl道德上的，与道德有关的aｄj.31.pｒiorto=befoｒｅ＝pｒevｉous在…前面32.reｐetition=ｄoingorsayingthesaｍethｉngmanyｔimes反复n.33.genｅtic＝rｅｌatinｇｔogeneｓorgeneticｓ基因的,遗传学的aｄj.34.sａcrifiｃe=ｗｈｅｎyｏudeｃidenｏtｔohａvesomethｉnｇｖaluaｂle，inorｄerｔｏgetｓｏmethiｎｇｔhａtisｍoreimporｔant牺牲ｖ.35.vｉcｔｉm＝soｍｅoｎewhohasbeｅnatｔackｅd，roｂbｅｄ,ｏrmurｄｅｒed受害者ｎ.３6.forge=form=cｏuｎterｆeｉt形成;伪造v．37.pｅｒｓuade＝cｏnvｉnce=wｉnover=tａlkarｏund说服v．3８.surrｅｎdeｒ=ｇivein投降，放弃v.39．extｉnct=anextiｎcttypｅofanimalｏrpｌａntdｏｅsnotexistaｎyｍｏrｅ＝dｉｓappｅar=ｖanish灭绝的，绝种的aｄｊ.40.ａbｕndanｔ=plｅnty=ample富余的，丰富的adj.41.exagｇｅrate=oversｔａte夸张,夸大ｖ．42.ｐｈenｏmenon＝somethinｇtｈathappensｏrexisｔｓinsｏciｅty,scienｃe,ｏｒｎaｔure，especiallyｓｏmethingthatisstudieｄbecauｓeiｔisｄiｆficulｔｔouｎｄersｔａnd现象n．４３.perceｐtion=ideａ=notioｎ=view=bｅｌief=iｎsight结识,观念，见解n.44.ｉmｐｒession=infeｃｔｉoｎ=ｅｆfect＝ｉnｆluｅnce=ａｆfｅｃｔｉｏn印象,感想n．４5.ｅｎtitle=tｏgivｅsomeoneｔheoffｉciａｌｒｉghｔｔodooｒｈaveｓoｍethｉng使某人有权利/资格v.46.distoｒtion=ａchａngefｏrthewｏrse=ｄefｏrｍatiｏｎ扭曲，曲解v.4７．ｄispoｓe=toarrangｅｔhingsoｒputtheｍｉnｔｈeirpｌaｃeｓ=arｒangｅ=settｌe＝mａｎage=copeｗｉｔh＝deａlwith安排,处理v.48.ｉntuｉtion=tｈeａbiｌｉtytoｕndｅｒｓｔandorkｎｏwｓｏmethｉngｂｅcａusｅoｆａfeeｌiｎｇratheｒthaｎｂycｏnｓideringｔhｅfａcts=ｉｎstｉnct直觉ｎ.49.eｍiｓsion=ａｇasｏｒothｅrsuｂstａncｅthatｉsｓｅotｈeａｉr排放物,散发物ｎ.５0.ｄｉmｉｎisｈ=rｅduce=decrｅａsｅ＝fａll=lｅssen=cut减少,减小v.51.pｏstpｏne＝putback=ｄelay＝adｊｏurn延期,推迟v.52.crｕcial＝ｉｍportant=cｒiｔical＝ｖiｔal=ｎecessａｒｙ=essentｉaｌ至关重要的ａdj.53.pessimistic=ｅｘpectinｇｔhａｔｂaｄthｉngswｉｌlhａpｐeninthefｕtuｒeorｔhatsomeｔhinｇｗillhavｅabadresｕｌt=gettｉngworｓe悲观的adj．54．atｔempt=purpose=orｄer=eｆfort尝试，努力Cambｒｉdge5ＴEST21.siｍｉlａr=lｉkｅ=reｓemble相似的ａｄj．2．derive=ｏｒiginaｔｅ=coｍefｒom＝steｍfrom起源ｖ.3.ｉmpetus=momenｔuｍ＝sｔｉmuｌus＝iｎcentive=motｉvaｔｉon=ｅncouｒagemeｎt动机，动力ｎ.4.ｇeneｒａte=prｏｄuce=brｉngｉnｔｏｅxiｓteｎｃｅ＝mａｋe＝maｎufactuｒe产生v.５．couplｅwｉｔh＝ａnd＝aｃcompany＝ｗitｈ随着v.6．facｔor＝rｅasｏｎ＝eｌemｅｎt＝componeｎt=ingredienｔ因素n．７.uｎiｑue=ｈaveｔhediｓｔinｃtioｎ＝distinｃt＝different=extrａｏrdｉnary=sｐｅｃｉal独特的adj.8．aｄvance=progreｓｓ=dｅｖelｏｐｍent=growｔｈ=increasｅ进步n.９．field=ｄomaiｎ=teｒriｔｏｒｙ=indｕstｒy=ｓeｃtor领域n.1０．alteｒｎativｅ=substitute＝ｒeｐｌaceｍent替代物n.１1．liｋｅ＝sucｈａs=foｒexaｍｐle=fｏrinｓtanｃｅ例如12．resoｕrce＝ｍatｅrｉａl=sourcｅ资源，来源n.13.lｉmiｔed＝rｅstriｃted=eｘhausｔｉｂlｅ=finite有限的adj.14．involve=reｌyｏｎ=cｏntａin=coｍpｒise包含,牵涉v.15.cｕrrenｔ=modeｒｎ=recent=preｓｅｎt最近的ａdj．16.ｐartｉculaｒ＝ｅxtraoｒdinarｙ＝sｐｅciａl=ｄeｔaiｌ=speｃifｉｃ=unｉquｅ特别的,独有的aｄj.１7．drawｏn=absorb＝ｄｏwith吸取v.１8.seｔtleon=maｋeｃhoiceof=decidｅon选定ｖ.1９.supｅriority=ａdvantaｇe=edge=hiｇhqｕaliｔｙ优势n.２0.accompanｙ＝when=ｋeｅpcoｍｐany=beasｓocｉatedｗitｈ陪同,随着v.２1.viｅw＝bｅlief＝oｐinion=ｉnsighｔ=ｐｅrceｐtｉｏn观点n.22．aｒｔelligence=rｅasoniｎgｉnmaｃｈine人工智能n．２３．iｎｖｏlvｅwith=asｓociatewith=ｌinkto=relateｔo与…有关联ｖ．２4.release=issue＝launch＝cｏnvey=pｕｂlic=dｅlivｅｒ发行,发表ｖ.25.dｉfficuｌt=ｄemａｎding＝haｒd＝tough困难的adj.26.tasｋ=job=woｒk=ｌabour任务,工作ｎ.27.iｎstanｔly=rapｉｄlｙ＝imｍediａtely立即地adｖ.2８.reaｃt=respｏｎd反映v.2９.ｒｅlateｔｏ=dｅpendｏｎ=lｉnkto=ａssｏciａｔewｉtｈ=invｏlvewｉth与…有关系v．30.subjecｔｖiｅwｓ＝outloｏk=personal/ｉｎdividuａlvｉeｗs=personal/iｎｄiviｄuａlopinionｓ主观观点n.３1.dｉsｔort=ｔoｃhangetheappｅaｒanｃｅ，sｏｕnd，oｒｓｈａｐeofsoｍetｈiｎgsothatitiｓstranｇｅorunｃleaｒ;ｔoreｐｏrtsomethinginaｗaythatiｓnotcｏmpleteｌｙtrueorｃｏrrecｔ=misinteｒpｒet扭曲，歪曲v.３2.fｉｇｕｒeｏut=settle＝decide=tell=ｕnderstanｄ理解，想出v．３3.asｓｅｓsｍeｎｔ=ａｐpraiｓal=evａluaｔiｏn=ｅstimａｔe=judgmｅnt评估，估计v.34.ｅｍerge=appear=cｏmeforｔｈ出现v.３5.remaｉｎ=keeｐ=stａy=mａintａin保持ｖ.36.eｘpｌoitａtｉon=developｍenｔ=ｕtiｌizatｉon=usagｅ运用,使用ｎ.37．fｏｓteｒ=ｃｕｌtivate＝raise=nurture培养,养育v．38.ｏvertaｋｅ=catcｈup＝sｗｅepover赶上,压倒v.3９．initial=origiｎal=premier最初的，开始的adｊ.40.whｅｒeaｓ＝ｈowｅveｒ=while=nｅvｅrｔｈeless=ｂuｔ=yet然而,但是ａｄv．Cａmbｒidge5TEST3１.outcome=prodｕct=resuｌｔ＝coｎcｌusion=ｃoｎsｅｑuenｃe结果,后果n.2.ovｅrｃoｍe=wiｎ＝gｅtｏver=exceeｄ克服,战胜v.３．ｉｎｓuｆfiｃient＝defｉciｅnt=shｏrtaｇe=ｌacｋ=ｓcarcity局限性的aｄj．4.suｐply=provide＝furnish=gｉｖe提供v．5.lａｕnch=rｅlｅase=project=sｅnd=sｈot＝emit开始，投放ｖ.6.sｕpｐｏse=expeｃt＝imagine=ｇueｓｓ=spｅculate＝think猜想,设想ｖ.７.dｅｔect=pｅrｃｅｉve=explore=sｅnｓｅ发现,觉察v.8.hanｄicａp=dｉfficult=ｏｂstaclｅ=ｈindranｃe=bar＝detｅrrent障碍，困难n.9.peer＝tｈepeopｌewhoareatｔhｅsａmeageasyoｕ,ｏrｗｈohaｖetheｓamｅtypｅofjoｂ，socｉalclaｓｓetｃ.同龄人，伙伴n.１0.posｉtiｖe=ｏptimｉstｉc=ｕｐｌiftｉｎｇ积极的adｊ．11.ａｄmｉniｓｔｅr＝manａgｅ=ｃonduｃｔ＝impleｍent＝ｐerform执行,管理v.１2.fuｎdiｎg=moｎｅy=fuｎds=finanｃialresoｕrce资金,基金ｎ.13.inｔeｒact=iｆpｅopｌｅiｎｔｅractwitheachｏther，ｔheytaｌktｏeaｃhｏther,worktogｅthｅreｔｃ.互动v.１4.irrigation=thｅｓｕppleｍeｎtoflａndoｒcroｐswｉthwaｔer灌溉ｎ.１5.sediｍentation=thｅnatｕralｐroceｓsｂywhichsmaｌlpiecｅsofrocｋ,eaｒthetｃsettleａttｈｅｂoｔｔomｏｆｔhesｅaetcaｎｄformasoliｄlaｙer积淀n.1６.ｉnterrupt=ｂreak＝violate=cuｔiｎ打断,打扰v．１7．pｒｏcess=procｅdure＝metｈod=approaｃh过程n.18．threaｔ＝daｎger=inｔimｉdatｉｏｎ威胁n．19.valｕａblｅ＝pｒeｃious＝ｗortｈy宝贵的,珍贵的adj.20.conｓtｒuｃt=ｂuild=make=founｄ建造v．２1.blamｅ=tosaｙorthinktｈatsoｍeoｎｅorｓomeｔhｉnｇisrｅｓpｏnｓｉblｅforsomeｔhingｂad责备，怪罪ｖ．22.stimｕｌａte=enｃｏurage=actiｖaｔe=motｉvaｔe鼓励,刺激ｖ.２３.lｏng-term＝ｌoｎｇ-ｒun=ｌoｎg-perioｄ长期的adｊ．24.ｉmpact＝affect=influｅnce=eｆfect影响v．&n.２５.ｏｃcur=haｐpen=ｅxisｔ=come发生ｖ.26．contain=ｉnｃlude＝cｏvｅr=ｐosseｓs包含v．2７.military=bａｔtｌefiｅlｄ=martial军事的aｄｊ.２8.sepａrate=ｄiｓparaｔe=diｓtinｃｔ=dｉfferent分开的,不同的adj.29.vａniｓh＝eｘtinct=disaｐｐear消失v.３０.ｃonsciouｓness=ａwareness意识n．３1.ignite=lｉｇht=inflａmｅ点燃v.３２.encｏｍpaｓs=ｉncludｅ=ｃontaｉn=cｏｖer包含,围绕ｖ.33．rｅcｋon=ｔhink＝suppｏｓｅ=bｅlieve=ｉmaginｅ＝exｐｅct＝feel认为v.34.wｉdeｓpｒead＝unｉverｓaｌ=ｅxtenｓive=pｏpuｌaｒ=ｇenｅral广泛的，普遍的ａdｊ．３５.launch=cｏｉn=project=reｌease＝issue创新,开辟v.３6.cｏnteｍporaｒy=ｍodern-day,prｅｓent-ｄay同时代的adj．３7.poｔentiａl=poｓsible=ｕnｄerlyiｎg=ｌｉkｅｌｙ=eｘpecｔｅd=ｌatenｔ潜在的，也许的adj.38．ｐｒｏsｐｅct=expecｔａtion=oｕｔｌook＝chance展望,希望ｎ.39.ｐerｃｅpｔioｎ=iｄｅa=ｉnsight=vieｗｐoｉｎt感觉,领悟ｎ．Cambｒiｄge5TESＴ41.communitｙ＝organizaｔion＝groｕp=ｂody团队n．2.fragｉｌe＝ｄelicａte脆弱的ａｄj.３．remｏtｅ=diｓtaｎt遥远的ａdj.4.rｅｑｕire=dｅsire=ｏrｄer=ｃｏｍmand规定v.5.inhaｂｉｔant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.６．ｃoｎsequently=tｈus=accｏrdｉngly=hencｅ＝thｅreｆore＝ａsａrｅsult结果,因此adｖ.７.deｓtｉnation=goal＝eｎdｐｏiｎt=terminｕs目的地n.８.tｈrｏｕｇhｏut=arounｄ＝wholly=ｅｖeｒyｗｈeｒｅ=end-ｔｏ－enｄ自始至终,到处，所有aｄｖ.９．operate=act=ｒun运转v．１０.ｏｕｔput=product输出,产品ｎ.11.declinｅ＝reｄｕcｔion=falｌ=sｌump＝decrease=reｃession下降ｎ.12.underｍｉne=ｄｅstrｏｙ=damage＝ｈurｔ=ruin破坏ｖ.13.ｒeviｖe=renａiｓsancｅ复兴v．1４．unusuａｌ＝ｒａre=ｓtrange=ｕnｃommon罕见的,不寻常的ａｄj．１5.orｄinary=sｔaｎdａrｄ=commｏｎ＝usuａl＝genｅral普通的，平常的ａdj.１6.fragmeｎｔ=sharｄ=ｄeｂris=ｐiecｅs=ｒuins碎片n．１7.brｅaｋ＝sｈatter=crａｃk打坏，打破v.18.inｔerioｒ=ｉnｎerlaｙer=insiｄｅ内部的ｎ.＆ａdｊ．19.ｉnsｉｓt＝ｃｌaｉm=arｇue=belｉeｖe＝ｔｈink坚持,坚称v．20.ｅｘｐand=eｘtｅnd=ｇｒow=bｏom=sｐｒeadout＝enｈance扩张,扩大ｖ．２1．supｐresｓ=ｃｏｎtroｌ=rｅstrａin=ｒepreｓs=pｕtdoｗｎ=opｐｒeｓｓ=inｈｉｂit=ｂan=fｏｒbiｄ=sｔifle压制v.22．ｓpｅｅdup=inｃｒeaseｓpeｅｄ＝ｑuicｋｅnup＝accelｅrateｓｐeed加速v.23．eｘamine=aｎalyｓe=suｒvey＝insｐect=stuｄy＝dｅtｅｃｔ=inｖestiｇate检查,调查v.24．diｓpute=ｄｅbatｅ=controveｒsy=ｄisａｇree=arｇuｅ争论，争执n.&v.２5.detect＝aｎａlｙse＝explｏre＝researcｈ=surｖey=inｖeｓtｉgate=iｎspecｔ察觉，发现ｖ．26.claim=say=state＝insｉst=aｒｇｕe=ｔhiｎk=belieｖe声称v．2７.cｕｅ=implｉｃａtiｏn＝remｉndｅr=ｈｉnｔ=evideｎce提醒，信号，暗号n.２8.unpｒedicｔaｂlｅ＝flｕｃｔuａte=changｅaｂｌｅ无法预测的adj．29.bｅreｆｅrreｄtoaｓ=beknownas=beregardedas被称为30．encourage=ｉndｕce＝triｇｇer=sｔimulaｔe=bｏｏst=ｉnspire鼓励，促使v.31.ｃｏnｓiderable＝pｌｅｎtｙ=big=ｍajor=importａnt数量可观的adj.32．rｅgａrdlesｓｏf=desｐiｔeof=takｅnｏnｏｔiceｏｆ不管,不顾33.ａdequaｔｅ=pｌｅnty=ｐrｏper＝apｐrｏｐrｉaｔe=sｕiｔabｌe充足的,适当的adj．34.ａsｓｕｒｅ＝makesｕｒｅ=ｇuaｒａntee＝ensure=insuｒｅ＝sｅcure＝mａkeｃertaiｎof保证，保证v.3５.sｕｉtablｅ=apprｏｐｒiaｔe＝ｐroｐｅr=adequate=matchｉｎｇ合适的aｄj.Caｍｂｒiｄge6TＥSＴ1１．ｅxchange=applyｓometｈiｎgleaｒnｅｄinoneｔooｔhers=ｃｈange交流v．2．eｘpertise=ｓkill专门技术n.3.emploｙ=anａｌyze＝stｕdy使用ｖ.4.investigation=analｙsis调查n.５．naｒｒow＝focｕson缩小范围ｖ．6.repｒoｄuce＝coｐｙ=replicａte=rｅｐeat复制v.7．fundedｓuppｏrｔ=fiｎancｅ资金n．８．atｈletｅ=ｓportsｍenandｗｏmen运动员ｎ.9.caｌculａte＝measｕre计算ｖ.１0.evenｔ＝chaｍpｉｏｎｓhｉp赛事n.１1.plan=ｐrｅpａｒe=deｓign计划v.1２．ｉmprove＝grｏw=gｅtｂetteｒ进步v.13.tｒade=economy贸易n.14.trａnsｐｏｒt=importorｅxport=delｉver运送v.15．lｏcal=dome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