2022年中考英语解题方法之阅读理解课件

2022年中考英语解题方法之阅读理解

类型一：细节理解解题方法：针对此类设题，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速浏览文章，发现文章中的细节信息，然后抓取关键词，定位到原文中来解题。注意：一定要注意勾画文章中的关键句及关键词eg，1.Fivepeoplewerewaitingforaninterviewinaroomofacompany(公司).Insidetheroom,theycoulddowhatevertheyliked,exceptusingthephoneortheInternet.Q:Thefivepeoplewerewaitingfor________．

A．aninterview

B．ameeting

C．aphonecall D．ameal2.LiuXiuxiangwasborninapoorfamily.Whenhewas4,hisfatherdied.Hismotherdevelopedmental(精神的)healthproblems.Whenhewas10,hiselderbrotherandsistersleftandneverreturned.Tomakealiving,Liucollectedrubbish,andinhighschoolheworked18hoursadayduringsummervacations.Howeverdifficultitwas,henevergaveuphisstudy.Q:HowlongdidLiuXiuxiangworkduringsummervacationsinhighschool?A．4hoursaday. B．10hoursaday.C．12hoursaday. D．18hoursaday.类型2：推理判断此类题型要求考生对文章的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推断出隐含在文章中的事实及暗示的含义。常见的推理判断有以下三种：1．针对文中细节的推断2．针对文章出处的推断3．针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向、意见等的推断eg，1.Anotherchoiceiselectricity.Electriccarscanbeasefficient(效能好的)ascarsusinggasoline.Andtheyproducelesspollution.Butelectriccarsthemselvesaremoreexpensive.Goodnewsisthatthecosthasbeenlowerandtherearemoreandmoreplacesforthecarstogetelectricityeversince2010.Q:AccordingtoParagraph3,wecaninferthatelectriccars________．A．producelesspollutionB．willbecomemoreandmoreexpensiveC．willbecomemorepopularD．aremoreefficientthanthoseusinggasoline类型三：词义/句意猜测此类题目在设置时，词义猜测多为生难词，句意猜测多为同义句的转换，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧。1．根据上下文语境猜测2．通过同义词或近义词猜测词义3．通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义4．通过生活常识猜测词义1.Onthethirdmorning,theyarrivedearlier.Still,nonewscame.Bymid­day,mostofthemwereirritated.Somethoughtthecompanydidnotcareforthem.Someregrettedcominghere.Onlyonemanwasdifferent.Hewashappyallthosedays.Hekeptsmilingwhiletheotherscomplained(抱怨)．Q:Theunderlinedword“irritated”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”．A．快活的 B．愤怒的C．放松的 D．胆怯的2.Afterleavingtheearthlastsummer,ZhuRongcircledMarsforseveralmonthsandlandedonitinMay.Inrecentyears,ourcountryhassentuptheworld'sfirstquantumsatellite(量子卫星),andChang'e­4hasmadeasoftlandingonthemoon.Wehavemadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyandwillsoonstartbuildingourownspacestation.Q:Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto“________”．A．theearth B．MarsC．themoon D．thesun类型四：段落/主旨大意段落/主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对段落内容或文章内容进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(mainidea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。1．开门见山式2．藏龙卧虎式3．藏头露尾式4．首尾呼应式类型五：标题归纳标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在英语阅读理解题中，是深层理解题。一般从两个方面考查：1．关注核心及高频词汇2．根据主题句提炼标题Facialrecognitiontechnology(人脸识别技术)iswidelyusedtoday.Forexample,policeuseittosearchforbadguys.It'salsousedtounlockphonesordoors.Now,asimilartechnology,knownasfacialdetection(探测),isenteringanewfield:thebusinessofadvertising(广告).Suchsystemsaregoingthroughtestsinasmallnumberofstores.Onefacialdetectionsystemcanjudgeaperson's“happiness”or“fear”level.Thathelpsbusinessesseehowpeoplefeelastheylookatproductsoradvertisementsinthestore.Anothersystemcandetectwhethersomeoneiswearingeyeglasses.Ifso,storescansendadvertisementsfornewglassestohim.Facialdetectiontechnologyisalsoplacedinsidesomelargeadvertisingboards.Camerasinthoseboardscandetectinformationlikepeople'sagesandfivelevelsoffeelings—from“veryhappy”to“veryunhappy”.Supportersofthetechnologysayitcouldimprovebuyers'experiencebyshowingproductstheymightlikeorbyofferingthemproductsatlowerprices.Someareagainsttheideaofusingsuchsystems.PamDixon,theheadofaprivacy(隐私)group,isoneofthem.Shethinks▲.Forexample,abusinesscouldraisethepriceofaproductaccordingtoaperson'sageandfeelings.However,onestoretestingthetechnologyexplainedtheywouldn'tstorepeople'sinformationlikenamesorages.Andtheadvertisingboardsystemmakersaiditdidn'tkeepanypersonalinformationorrecordanyvideos.Q:Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“________”．A．FacialrecognitiontechnologyenteringanewfieldB．FacialrecognitiontechnologylookingforbadguysC．FacialdetectiontechnologygoingintoadvertisingfieldD．Facialdetectiontechnologyimprovingbuyers'experience类型六：数字计算NationalSmileMonthisthelargestandlongestmouthhealthactivityintheUK.Startingin1977,itiscelebratingits42ndbirthdayfromMay14toJune14thisyear.Q:NationalSmileMonthintheUKhashadahistoryof________yearssofar.A．5 B．14 C．42 D．77类型七：篇章结构文章的结构是文章部分与部分、整体与部分之间的内在联系和外部形式的统一。常见的文章结构方式为总分式，即先总述，再分说。这种关系还可以演变为：“分—总”或“总—分—总”的结构方式。解答此类题通常可以把选项带入原文去判断分段是否合理；要注意段落之间的标志语句，通常写同一件、同一类事情的段落不分开，总写的段落要和细节描述的段落分开。类型八：句子还原此类题型，主要是考查学生的逻辑思考能力。一般来说，主要是考查一个段落中前后句的逻辑关系，或者考查段与段之间的逻辑关系。可能是总分关系、因果关系、并列关系等。类型九：句子排序句子排序题常采用“观察＋对比＋定位＋排除”的方法：首先观察选项的特点，一般情况下，四个选项中都是有两个相同的选项作为事件发生的顺序开头，到文中去定位，排除错误的选项；接着进行第二轮对比排除，最后得到正确答案。下面介绍常用的解题方法：1．先易后难。选择自己最熟悉、最明显的答案先判断，根据“先易后难”的原则逐个排除。2．找关键词。如表顺序的atfirst,first,second,third等。3．上下句联系。这种题所采用的语句一般都是在上句与下句或上半句与下半句之间有一定的对应关系，我们只要抓住它们的关联关系就可以解答了。练习题

Aftermonthsofexpectationandsecrecy,theofficialmascot(吉祥物)ofthe2022WinterOlympicGames-agiantpanda-inspiredcartooncharacter--madeitsfirstpublicdebutwithcheersatBeijing'sShougangIceHockeyArena.Thepandaisnamed“BingDwenDwen"inChinese.Bingmeans"ice"inChinese,whileDwenDwensuggests“healthandcleverness-characteristicsalsosharedbypandas.PandasareperhapsthemostrecognizedanimalspeciesinChina,organizerssaid.

"PandascombineChina'straditionalcultureanditsmodemappearancetogetherwithwintersportselementsinafascinatingimagethatshowsourgreatexpectationsfortheGamesandshowsthatwewelcometheworld,"saidBeijingMayorChenJining,whoalsoservesasanexecutivepresidentontheorganizingcommittee.

“IhavealreadyseenthemascotandfromwhatI'veseen,it'sawonderfulchoice,"IOCPresidentThomasBachsaidbeforeintroducingthecharacter."“ThemascotreallytakesinthebestelementsandcharacteristicsofChinaandtheChinesepeople.Itwillbeagreatambassador(大使)forthecountryandthe24thWinterOlympics"

Theringoflightsurroundingthemascot'sfaceissuggestiveoficeandsnowtracks,aswellas

theflowing“ribbons”oftheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.Theovalisoneoftwonewcompetitionsites

indowntownBeijingexpectedtobecomealandmarkoftheGames,according

toitschiefdesignerCaoXue.

TheintroductionofthemascotsmarksthekeypointofajourneythatbeganinAugust2018,

whenBeijingorganizersstartedaglobaldesigncompetitionforthemascots.Atotalof5,816designs

werereceivedfrom35countries,andwerereviewedbyChineseandinternationalexpertsina

comprehensiveevaluation(综合评价)andselectionprocess.

ThenewmascotwillserveasspiritedsymboloftheGamesthatwilltakeplace