2022-2023学年山东省临沂市沂水县高二上学期期中英语试卷

2022-2023学年山东省临沂市沂水县高二（上）期中英语试卷注意事项:

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷（选择题）一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共分）AFourwinterwonderlandsforcold-weathergetaways

◆JWMarriottTheRosseauMuskoka

BeatanyholidaystresswiththenewHydroSpaopeningatMuskoka'sJWMarriottonNov.1.Theoutdoorwaterentertainmentwillbeopenyear-round，offeringmultiplewaystorelaxin-cludingsea-saltfloatingpoolsandhotbathtubs.

Staysfrom﹩349/night

◆OldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel

ThishistoricinninNiagaraFallsoffersmultiplewaystorelax.There'sWinterfest，mealsenjoyedindiningdomes（穹顶）housedintheinn'sprivatesquare，andtheAlpineCluboffer-ingroastednutsandwinearoundafirepit.ThepropertywillhostitsannualholidaymarketonNov.26.

Staysfrom﹩249/night

◆DromolandCastle

Ifyou'regoingtogobig—andfurtheraway—forNewYear's，youmayaswellgoblacktie.ThisgrandestateinwesternIrelandisofferingathree-nightcelebrationpackage，beginningeitherDec.30or31.TheeventonNewYear'sEveincludesacocktailreceptionandsix-coursedinner.Guestswillhaveaccesstovariousactivitiesontheproperty's450acresincludinghun-tingandfarming.

Staysfrom﹩2，051/night

◆St.RegisAspen

Alongwithaccesstomanyskioptions，thehotel'sguestscanexpectfamily-friendlyfunduringtheweekleadinguptoDec.25.Santa'sWorkshopisacraftroomwhereattendeescanmakeeverythingfromtoystogiftsbyhand.Additionalsessionscoverwintercookingandhousedecorating.

StaysfromUS﹩899/night

（1）HowoftenistheholidaymarketopeninOldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel？______A.Daily. B.Weekly. C.Monthly. D.Yearly.2.WhatactivitiescanyouenjoyifyoustayatSt.RegisAspen？______A.DIY. B.Floating. C.Skating. D.Hunting.3.Whichmayofferlifeexperienceinthecountryside？______A.St.RegisAspen. B.OldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel.

C.DromolandCastle. D.JWMarriottTheRosseauMuskoka.BEvenwhenwedependontechnologyforhelpbutthen，sodidThoreauatWaldenPond.

Walkinginthesamewoodsyesterday，Iletmyselfwanderatrandom，communingwithnature.

Itookinbeautifulscenerynearandfarthankstomyprogressive-lenseyeglasses.OccasionallyI'dpulloutmysmartphonetotakepicturesonanythinginteresting.Irecordedaninnermonologue（独白）withabackgroundofallsoundsoftheforest.Attimes，Iconsultedmysmartwatchtocheckonmyheartbeat，mileageandcalorieburn.EventuallyIrealizedIwasquitelost.Notaproblemofcourse.Onlinemapscametomyrescue.

Butsomethingbotheredme.InwhatI'dintendedasanatureexperience，hereIwasusingveryhightechnologytohelpmyselfout.Thisinsightsetoffareconsiderationofeverythingthathappenedduringmy"naturewalk，"whichhadbeentechnologicallyenhancedeverystepoftheway.I'dbeenfunctioningasaman-machinecombination：acyborg.

WhatwouldthetruenaturalistThoreauthinkofthat？Myfirstthoughtwasthathe'dbeshocked.ButlaterIdidsomeresearch.Thoreauenjoyedwhathisspyglassdiscovered，likethiseaglefromhisjournal：

Lyingonthegroundwithmyglass，Icouldwatchhimveryeasily…tillIalmostlosthimintheclouds…IthinkIhavegottheworthofmyglassnowthatithasrevealedtomethewhite-headedeagle.

Famously，Thoreaualwayssetoutequippedwithawalkingstick，whichheusednotonlyforsupportbutalsototakemeasurementsofwaterandsnowlevels.Hishatwasalsoatool，whichhecalledhis"botany-box."Andhewaspreparedevenwithneedlesandthread，sowhencomingoutofthewoods，hewas"thebestdressed."Clearly，Thoreauwasabitofacyborghimself.

Thinkingmoredeeply，Irealizedwe'vecomealongwayfromourhunter-gathererancestors，whowalkedfromnecessityandreliedonnature'sgift.Cyborgsareus.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"communingwithnature"probablymeaninparagraph1？______A.Enjoyingthenatureinaquietpeacefulway.

B.Searchingforwildanimalsandbirds.

C.Wanderinginnaturewithhigh-techequipment.

D.Singinganddancinghappilyinnature.5.Whatisthepurposeofthetext？______A.TorecommendThoreau'sbookWaldenPond.

B.Toarguethathumanshavedevelopedintocyborgs.

C.Tosharethereflectionsonman'srelianceonnature.

D.Toquestionwhetherpeoplearetechnology-dependent.6.Whichpicturebestillustratesacyborgintheauthor'seye？______

A.A B.B C.C D.D7.WhydoestheauthorquoteThoreau'sjournal？______A.Toprovethatevennaturalistsusetechnology.

B.Tointroducealiteraryworkonnature.

C.TodescribethenaturalbeautyThoreauenjoyed.

D.Toexplainhowtoprepareforanaturewalk.CBeinghighlyconnectedtoastrongsocialnetworkhasitsbenefits.Nowanewstudyisshowingthesamegoesfortrees，thankstotheirundergroundneighbors.Thestudyisthefirsttoshowthatthegrowthofadulttreesislinkedtotheirparticipationinfungal（真菌）networkslivingintheforestsoil.Thoughpastresearchhasfocusedonyoungtrees，thesefindingsgivenewinsightintotheimportanceoffungalnetworkstooldertrees—whicharemoreenvironmentallybeneficialforfunctionslikecapturingcarbon.

"Largetreesmakeupthemainpartoftheforest，sotheydrivewhattheforestisdoing，"saidresearcherJosephBirch，wholedthestudy.Whentheyliveintheforestsoil，fungalnet-worksactasasortofhighway，allowingwater，nutrientsandcompoundstoflowbackandforthamongthetrees.Thenetworkalsohelpsnutrientsflowtoresource-limitedtreeslikefamilyunitsthatsupportoneanotherintimesofstress.

Cores（核心）takenfrom350Douglasfirs（花旗松）showedthatannualtreeringgrowthwasrelatedtotheextentoffungalconnectionsatreehadwithothertrees.Theyhadmuchhighergrowththanthathadonlyafewconnections.Theresearchalsoshowedthattreeswithmoreconnectionstomanyuniquefungihadmuchgreatergrowththanthosewithonlyoneortwoconnections."Ifyouhavethisnetworkthatishelpingtreesgrowfaster，thathelpscapturemorecarbonyearafteryear.Thesenetworksmayhelptreesgrowmoresteadilyevenasconditionsbe-comemorestressful，andcouldevenhelpprotectthemagainstdeath."saidBirch.

Birchhopeshisfindingsleadtofurtherstudiesindifferentkindsofforestsinothergeo-graphicalareas，becauseit'slikelythattheconnectionsamongtreeschangefromyeartoyear.

Hesaid，"Knowingwhetherfungalnetworksareoperatingthesamewayinothertreespeciescouldinformhowwereforestareasafterharvestingthem，andinformhowweplanttreestopre-servethesenetworks."8.Inwhatwaydothenewfindingsdifferfromthepreviousones？______A.Theydemonstrateanewwaytocapturecarbon.

B.Theyconfirmthebenefitsoffungalnetworks.

C.Theyclarifymisunderstandingsoffungalnetworks.

D.Theyrevealthevalueoffungalnetworkstoadulttrees.9.Howdofungalnetworkshelptrees？______A.Byfightingagainstdiseases.

B.Bybetteringforestsoilconditions.

C.Byactingasthecenteroffamilyunits.

D.Bymaintainingthebalanceofresources.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"those"refertoinParagraph3？______A.Treerings. B.Coresfromfirs.

C.Douglasfirs. D.Fungalnetworks.11.WhatcanbeinferredfromJosephBirch'swordsinthelastparagraph？______A.Thefungalnetworkssupportoneanotherintimesofstress.

B.Thefungalnetworksenableustoknowmoreaboutreforestation.

C.Thefindingscanapplytodifferentkindsofforestsinothergeographicalareas.

D.Thenetworkswillhelptreesgrowsteadilyifconditionsbecomemorestressful.DWhenitcomestowork，workers，andjobs，muchoftheconcernofthemodernageboilsdowntothefearthatwe'rewitnessingthefinalstageofthegame，andthattherewillbenowhereforhumanstowithdraw（撤退）asmachinestakeoverthelastfewtasks.Themostrecentexamplecomesfromtheuseofartificialintelligence（AI）.Istherenoareaofhumanexperiencethatcan'tbereplacedbyAI？Andifnot，whatisleftforhumanstodoexceptthetasksinvolvedintakingcareofthemachines？

Attheheartofthisconcernisourdesireforgoodjobs-jobsthatmakethemostofworkers'naturalabilitiesandwheretheworkprovidestheworkerwithmotivationandwork-lifebalance.Moreimportantly，goodjobssupportworkersinlearningbydoing-and，insodoing，deliverbenefitsonthreelevels：totheworker，whogainsinpersonaldevelopmentandjobsatisfaction；totheorganization，whichimprovesasemployeesfindnewproblemstosolveandopportunitiestopursue；andtothecommunityasawhole，whichharveststheeconomicbenefitsofhostingpositiveorganizationsandworkers.Thisiswhatmakesgoodjobsproductivefortheorganization，aswellasengagingandfulfillingfortheworker.

DoestheongoingadvanceofAIthreatentogetridofallthelearning，creativity，andmeaningthatmakeajobagoodjob？Certainly，somehaveblamedtechnologyforjustsucharesult.Headlinestodayoftenexpressconcernovertechnologicalinnovation（革新）resultinginbadjobsforhumans，oreventhecompletedisappearanceofcertainprofessions.Somefearthatfurthertechnologyadvancementintheworkplacewillresultinjobswhereemployeesarebeingaskedtoworkinsplittimesorforlongerperiodsovermoredays.

Theproblemhereisn'tthetechnology；rather，it'sthewaythetechnologyisused-and，morethanthat，thewaypeoplethinkaboutusingit.12.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？______A.HowtotakecareoftheAImachines.

B.Therelationsamongwork，workers，andjobs.

C.Thehuman'sfearsintheageofAI.

D.HumanexperienceswerereplacedbyAI.13.Whatjobsaresupposedtobegoodaccordingtothepassage？______A.Thosethatmainlyhavetheeconomicbenefits.

B.Theonesthatofferchancestoprogressprofessionally.

C.Thosethatmakefulluseofworkers'motivation.

D.Theonesthatdon'tbringnewproblemstoworkers.14.HowdonewsmediarespondtothedevelopmentofAI？______A.Negative. B.Supportive. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.15.Whatwilltheauthorprobablytalkaboutnext？A.Thefuturejobshumanswilldo.______

B.ThepossibleapplicationofAIinthefuture.

C.Thewaysthathumansdojobs.

D.TheproperattitudetowardsAI.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共分）Workplacecommunicationskillscaneitherhelpyourcareer，ortheycanstopitdeadinitstracks.Forleaders，effectivecommunicationcanmotivateteams，(1)Forindependentcontributors，communicationskillscanearnopportunitiesthatgetthemclosertotheirgoals—ortheycanaffectpromotionsandlimitcareergrowth.

Wemayknowcommunicationisimportant，butemployeesatalllevelsmakeongoingmistakesthatmaketheirworklivesharder.(2)

Startwithyourattitude

Wordsareonlyapieceofthecommunicationpuzzle.Ifyourbodylanguageispoor，oryouavoideyecontact，yourcoworkersmayassumeyou'renotveryinterestedinspeakingtothem.(3)

Tocommunicatemoreeffectivelyatwork，yourfirstactionitemischeckingyourattitude.Areyoufullypresentduringeveryinteraction(4)

Approachingeveryconversationwithopennessandyourundividedattentionenhancesthequalityofworkplacecommunication.

Show，don'talwaystell

(5)Thenexttimeyou'reconsideringsendingoutalistofdetailedinstructions，considershowingyourteamhowtocompletethetaskbydoingitinfrontofthemfirst.

Visualslikeimagesandvideonotonlyenhanceandspeedcomprehension，theycanalsoaddlevityandhumortoworkplacecommunication.Useshortvideoclipsandscreenshotstoex-plaincomplextasksandproblems—andtheoccasionalmemetomakeeveryonelaugh.

A.Hereare2waystocommunicatemoreeffectivelyatwork.

B.whilepoorcommunicationcanpushgoodemployeesoutthedoor.

C.Ifapicture'sworthathousandwords，ademomaybeworthamillion.

D.andmakethingsliketakingpollsduringteammeetingsaregularpractice.

E.Misunderstandingsatworkareusuallythebyproductofcommunicationbreakdowns.

F.ordoyouallowotherprioritiestogetinthewayofconnectingwithpeopleinreal-time？

G.Thesamegoesforpayingmoreattentiontoyourlaptoporphonethantheconversationathand.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共分）(21)movementiscalledmigration（迁徙）.Theymigrateto(22)food，orinsearchofwarmerweather.OneofthemostwonderfulmigrationsinnatureisthatoftheNorthAmericanmonarchbutterfly.

Every(23)，millionsofthesebeautifulinsectswithfineblackandorangewingsbeginalongand(24)journey.Somehowtheymanageto(25)around4，000kilometres(26)andfindtheirwaytoCaliforniaorMexico.(27)，untilrecentlynooneknewhowtheydidthis.

AteamofscientistsledbyProfessorEliShlizermanattheUniversityofWashingtonhasnowfoundthe(28).Theyhavefoundoutthatthemonarchisableto(29)thetimeofday.Itusesitseyestomeasurethe(30)ofthesun.Thesetwopiecesofinformationallowthe(31)todeterminethewaytogo.(32)，itmanagestoreachwhereitwillspendthewinter.

(33)hascrashedbyasmuchas90percentinthelastfewyears.(34)，humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.Theresearchonthemonarch's(35)hashoweverledtoagreaterawarenessofthiscreature.21.

A.annual B.monthly C.daily D.unusual22.

A.buy B.find C.send D.drop23.

A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter24.

A.easy B.disappointing C.exciting D.difficult25.

A.travel B.run C.drive D.crawl26.

A.north B.south C.east D.west27.

A.Soon B.Therefore C.However D.Besides28.

A.habitat B.problem C.way D.answer29.

A.adapt B.adjust C.tell D.memorize30.

A.size B.position C.heat D.color31.

A.scientist B.professor C.flight D.butterfly32.

A.Eventually B.Immediately C.Frequently D.Obviously33.

A.consumption B.income C.population D.output34.

A.Hopefully B.Sadly C.Usually D.Gradually35.

A.eyes B.wings C.determination D.behaviour第II卷（非选择题）四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共分）36.Legendhas(1)thattofuwasdiscoveredbyahealth-consciousChineseprincenamedLiuAnmorethan2，000yearsagowhenhewasmakinganelixir（丹药）.Herealizedthatsoymilkleftincertainconditionscoagulated（凝固）anddevelopedapudding-likesubstanceandthatwasthebeginningoftofu.

It's(2)（universal）believedthatBuddhistmonksvisitingChinabroughttofubacktoneighbouringcountrieslikeJapan.

(3)EastAsiahasbeeneatingtofuformorethan1，000years，ittookalotlongerforittocatchonglobally.BenjaminFranklin，oneoftheUnitedState'sfoundingfathers，wrotealetter(4)somesoybeansattachedwhilehewasinLondon，praisingitasa"Chinesecheese"in1770.Theletterwasoneoftheearliestdocumentsonrecord(5)mentionedtofuintheWest.LiShizeng，(6)enthusiastfortofu，isoftencreditedwithmakingtofuamorewidelyacceptedfoodoutsideofAsia.It'ssaidthathewasfirstsentbytheChinesegovernmenttoattendaFrenchmilitaryschool.Heendedup(7)（study）attheagriculturalschoolinMontargisandwere(8)（passion）aboutpromotingtofuinFrance.

Nowadays，tofu(9)（serve）inamodernway.Inmanyfinediningrestaurants，thetastingmenuisdesignedarounditstextures.Thedishesandingredientschangeaccordingtotheseasons.Forexample，inoneoftherestaurants，thecurrentmenustartswiththetexture"Silken"，(10)（represent）bytofu.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共分）37.假定你是李华，你校英语报下周将举办题为"TheScientistIAdmireMost"的英语征文比赛。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：

（1）人物事迹介绍：从钱学森、袁隆平、林巧稚、屠呦呦中任选一位；

（2）崇拜的理由；

注意：

（1）词数80左右。

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

TheScientistIAdmireMost__________________38.NewBeginningsMysisterandIweren'texactlywhatyouwouldcallclose.Iwasthreeyearsyounger，andIthoughtshewalkedonwater.Everythingshedidwasperfect，andIwantedtobejustlikeherwhenIgrewup.Ifsheworeherhairintwinbraidswithapinkcliponeday，thenextdayIworemineexactlythesameway.Iusedtofollowherandherfriendsaround，beggingtobeincluded，butthereisn'tmuchroominathirteen-year-old'slifeforaannoyingten-year-oldsister.Asaresult，overtime，myworshipofherbecameindifference.Wewerestrangerslivinginthesamehouse，eatingtogetherbutnevercommunicating.

Sowhenshesatmedownlastyearandtoldmeshe'dbegoingtoIsraeltostudyabroadfortenmonths，Iwasn'ttooconcerned.IfiguredIwouldgettoweartheclothessheleftbehindanduseherCDplayer.ThatwastheonlywayIthoughtherleavingwouldaffectme.

Thatfirstnightaftersheleft，Isatinmyroomandtriedtodohomework.Icouldn'tshakethefeelingthatsomethingwaswrong，somethingwasmissing.Thehousewastooquiet.NoTova'sCDplayerandnoTova'svoicegigglingonthephonewithherfriends.Sittingthere，Irealizedjusthowdifferentitwaswithoutherinthehouse.Eventhoughwedidn'talwaysspeak，Ihadfeltsafejustknowingshewasnear.

Icriedthatnight.Icriedoveralltheyearswehadwastedtryingtoliveourownlivesandignoringeachother's.IcriedthatIcouldn'tevengiveherahugbeforesheboardedherplane.Butasthenightworeon，mytearschangedtotearsofcalm，tearsofnewbeginnings.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、A、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。由OldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel这一部分ThepropertywillhostitsannualholidaymarketonNov.26.（该酒店将于11月26日举办一年一度的假日市场。）可知，OldStoneInnBoutiqueHotel的假日市场一年举办一次。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。由St.RegisAspen这一部分Santa'sWorkshopisacraftroomwhereattendeescanmakeeverythingfromtoystogiftsbyhand.（圣诞老人的工作室是一个工艺室，参加者可以手工制作从玩具到礼物的所有东西。）可知，在St.RegisAspen里，参加者可以手工制作自己喜欢的东西。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。由DromolandCastle这一部分Guestswillhaveaccesstovariousactivitiesontheproperty's450acresincludinghuntingandfarming.（客人将可以在这酒店450英亩的地域里参加各种活动，包括狩猎和农业。）可知，游客可以在DromolandCastle里体验乡村生活。故选C。

本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个冬季避寒胜地。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】A、B、C、A【解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据第一段Evenwhen

wedependontechnologyforhelp-butthen，sodidThoreauatWaldenPond.（即使在与自然交流时，我们依靠技术获得帮助，但当时在瓦尔登湖，梭罗也是如此。）及第二段Walkinginthesamewoodsyesterday，Iletmyselfwanderatrandom，communingwithnature.（昨天走在同一片树林里，我让自己随意漫步，与大自然交流。）可知，划线词组"communingwithnature"指的是"在独自平静享受自然的时刻"。A.Enjoying

the

nature

in

a

quiet

peaceful

way以宁静宁静的方式享受自然；B.Searching

for

wild

animals

and

birds寻找野生动物和鸟类；C.Wandering

in

nature

with

high-tech

equipment带着高科技设备在大自然中漫步；D.Singing

and

dancing

happily

in

nature在大自然中快乐地唱歌跳舞。故选A。

（2）写作目的题。根据第一段Evenwhencommuningwithnaturewedependontechnologyforhelp—butthen，sodidThoreau（梭罗）atWaldenPond（瓦尔登湖）.（即使在与自然交流时，我们也依赖技术来帮助--但是，沃尔登湖的梭罗也是如此。）可知，我们都是依赖技术的，自然学家梭罗也是如此；再根据最后一段Thinkingmoredeeply，Irealizedwe'vecomealongwayfromourhunter-gathererancestors，whowalkedfromnecessityandreliedonnature'sgift.Cyborgsareus.（更深入地思考，我意识到我们已经从狩猎采集的祖先那里走了很长一段路，他们从需要出发，依靠大自然的恩赐。半机械人就是我们。）可知，本文的目的是为了说明人类已经进化为半机械人。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Thisinsightsetoffareconsiderationofeverythingthathappenedduringmy"naturewalk"，whichhadbeentechnologicallyenhancedeverystepoftheway.I'dbeenfunctioningasaman-machinecombination：acyborg.（这一见解引发了我对"自然漫步"中发生的一切的重新思考，"自然漫步"的每一步都得到了技术的强化。我一直扮演着人机结合的角色：一个半机械人。）可知，作者眼中的半机械人应该是人机结合，选项C的图片中即有人又有机器，符合题意。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据第五段ButlaterIdidsomeresearch.Thoreauenjoyedwhathisspyglassdiscovered，likethiseaglefromhisjournal（但后来我做了一些研究。梭罗喜欢望远镜的发现，就像日记里的这只鹰。）和第六段第二句IthinkIhavegottheworthofmyglassnowthatithasrevealedtomethewhite-headedeagle.（我想我已经得到了我的望远镜的价值，因为它让我看到了白头鹰。）可知，自然学家梭罗是肯定了望远镜的作用。由此推知，作者引用梭罗的日记是为了证明即使自然学家也会使用科技。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。作者通过分析我们人类对技术的依赖，并引用自然学家梭罗的事例，说明了我们人类已进化成半机械人。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

8~11.【答案】D、D、C、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段Thestudyisthefirsttoshowthatthegrowthofadulttreesislinkedtotheirparticipationinfungal（真菌）networkslivingintheforestsoil.Thoughpastresearchhasfocusedonyoungtrees，thesefindingsgivenewinsightintotheimportanceoffungalnetworkstooldertrees，whicharemoreenvironmentallybeneficialforfunctionslikecapturingcarbon.（这项研究首次表明，成树的生长与它们参与生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。虽然过去的研究主要集中在年轻的树木上，但这些发现为真菌网络对老树的重要性提供了新的见解，这些真菌网络对捕获碳等功能更有利于环境。）可知，本次研究是首次关注成树的生长，以及真菌网络与其的关系。而之前的研究更多集中是对幼年树木的研究，所以新发现与以前的发现有所不同。所以答案为D。

（2）推理判断题。由文章第二段Whentheyliveintheforestsoil，fungalnet-worksactasasortofhighway，allowingwater，nutrientsandcompoundstoflowbackandforthamongthetrees.Thenetworkalsohelpsnutrientsflowtoresource-limitedtreeslikefamilyunitsthatsupportoneanotherintimesofstress.（当它们生活在森林土壤中时，真菌网就像一种高速公路，让水、营养物质和化合物在树木之间来回流动。该网络还有助于营养物质流向资源有限的树木，就像家庭单位一样，在压力下相互支持。）可知，本段讲述了真菌网络是如何帮助树木获取营养物质，并且不同的营养物质通过网络来回流动可以达到一种资源平衡方式，有助于树木生长。所以答案为D。

（3）代词指代题。由文章第三段Corestakenfrom350Douglasfirsshowedthatannualtreeringgrowthwasrelatedtotheextentoffungalconnectionsatreehadwithothertrees.Theyhadmuchhighergrowththanthosethathadonlyafewconnections.（从350棵道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心显示，树木年轮的生长与一棵树与其他树木之间真菌联系的程度有关。它们比那些只有少量连接的植物生长得快得多。）可知，本段是用花旗松举例子，说明树木年轮与真菌网络有关系，本句中"they"和"those"都是指代花旗松。A.Tree

rings.树木年轮；B.Cores

from

firs.花旗松核心；C.Douglas

firs.花旗松；D.Fungal

networks.真菌网络。所以答案为C。

（4）推理判断题。由文章文章最后一段He

said，"Knowing

whether

fungal

networks

are

operating

the

same

way

in

other

tree

species

could

inform

how

we

reforest

areas

after

harvesting

them，and

inform

how

we

plant

trees

to

pre-serve

these

networks."（他说："了解真菌网络是否在其他树种上以同样的方式运作，可以告诉我们在收获它们后如何重新造林，以及我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。"）可知，JosephBirch认为真菌网络可以告诉我们如何重新造林，所以了解真菌网络有助于植树造林。所以答案为B。

本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，成树的生长与它们参与生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。这些土壤里面的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利条件。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12~15.【答案】C、B、A、D【解析】（1）C.主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，本文主要通过人工智能在寻找工作的过程中发挥的作用来阐述了人类对AI发展的担忧，故选C。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据文章第二段对好工作的描述以及最后一句Thisiswhatmakesgoodjobsproductivefortheorganization         ，aswellasengagingandfulfillingfortheworker.        （这就是为什么好的工作对组织有效率的原因，也是让员工有参与感和满足感的原因。）可知好的工作应该能够让人有逐渐进步的机会。故选B。

（3）A.观点态度题。根据第三段中的Headlinestodayoftenexpressconcernovertechnologicalinnovation（革新）resultinginbadjobsforhumans，oreventhecompletedisappearanceofcertainprofessions.（今天的头条新闻经常表达对技术创新导致人类工作不好，甚至某些职业完全消失的担忧。）可知，媒体对AI的发展持消极（Negative）的态度，作者对人工智能是没有流露出赞成的态度的（Supportive），排除B；也没有积极乐观（Optimistic）的观点，主要是担心AI在社会的发展中带来的负面影响，态度比较鲜明，不存在模糊的（Ambiguous）观点，可排除C和D。消极的；支持的；乐观的；模棱两可的。故选A。

（4）D.推理判断题。由最后一段的内容Theproblemhereisn'tthetechnology     ；rather，it'sthewaythetechnologyisused

-

and      ，morethanthat  ，thewaypeoplethinkaboutusingit      （这里的问题不在于技术，而在于技术的使用方式，更重要的是，人们思考使用技术的方式。）可判断出，接下来说的应是如何正确对待AI，故选D。

这是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与科技。文章介绍了人类对人工智能发展的前景的担忧以及作者认为我们该持有的态度。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】B、A、E、F、C【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文For

leaders，effective

communication

can

motivate

teams，（对于领导者来说，有效的沟通可以激励团队，）可知，下文应该谈论领导者如果沟通不好会带来的负面影响。故B项"而糟糕的沟通可能会把好员工扫地出门。"承接上文，符合语境。while表示转折，意为"然而"。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据上文We

may

know

communication

is

important，but

employees

at

all

levels

make

ongoing

mistakes

that

make

their

work

lives

harder.（我们可能知道沟通很重要，但是各个级别的员工都会不断犯错误，这让他们的工作更加困难。）以及下文两个小标题Start

with

your

attitude（从态度开始）和Show，don't

always

tell（展示，不要总是说）故A项"以下是在工作中更有效沟通的两种方法。"承上启下，符合语境。故选A。

（3）联系上文题。根据上文If

your

body

language

is

poor，or

you

avoid

eye

contact，your

coworkers

may

assume

you're

not

very

interested

in

speaking

to

them.（如果你的肢体语言不好，或者你避免眼神交流，你的同事可能会认为你对和他们说话不是很感兴趣。）可知，如果你不善于沟通，那么你在工作中就可能被误解。故E项"工作中的误解通常是沟通失败的副产品。"承接上文，符合语境。故选E。

（4）联系上文题。根据上文Are

you

fully

present

during

every

interaction（在每一次互动中，你是否完全投入）可知，此处是选择疑问句，空处谈论的是你与别人互动时是否集中注意力的一种假设情况。故F项"或者你会允许其他优先事项妨碍你与人实时联系吗？"承上启下，符合语境。故选F。

（5）推理判断题。根据上文Show，don't

always

tell（展示，不要总是说）以及下文The

next

time

you'

re

considering

sending

out

a

list

of

detailed

instructions，consider

showing

your

team

how

to

complete

the

task

by

doing

it

in

front

of

them

first.（下次当你考虑发送一份详细的指示清单时，考虑先在你的团队成员面前演示一下如何完成任务。）故C项"如果一张图片胜过千言万语，那么一个演示就可能值一百万。"承上启下，符合语境。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在工作中有效沟通的两种方法。

七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~35.【答案】D、B、C、D、A、B、C、D、C、B、D、A、C、B、D【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。每年的；每月的；每天的；不同寻常的。根据上句Many

animals

move

from

one

place

to

another

at

certain

times

of

the

year.可知许多动物在一年中的特定时间从一个地方迁移到另一个地方。说明许多动物每年都迁徙。故答案为D。

（2）考查动词及语境理解。买；发现；发送；丢掉。根据下句or

in

search

of

warmer

weather.可知它们迁徙是为了寻找食物，或者寻找更温暖的天气。故答案为B。

（3）考查名词及语境理解。春天；夏天；秋天；冬天。根据常识可知每年秋天，数以百万计的这种美丽的昆虫带着精致的黑色和橙色翅膀开始漫长而艰难的旅程。故答案为C。

（4）考查形容词及语境理解。容易的；令人失望的；令人兴奋的；困难的。根据下句around

4，000

kilometres可知它们每年要飞行4000公里，说明这是一次艰难的旅程。故答案为D。

（5）考查动词及语境理解。旅行，走动；跑；开车；爬。根据空后around

4，000

kilometres（6）and

find

their

way

to

California

or

Mexico可知不知何故，它们设法向南行进了大约4000公里，找到了去加利福尼亚或墨西哥的路。故答案为A。

（6）考查名词及语境理解。北方；南方；东方；西部。根据常识可知很多动物的迁徙是向南方迁徙。故答案为B。

（7）考查副词及语境理解。很快；因此；然而；除了。然而，直到最近，没有人知道他们是如何做到的。故答案为C。

（8）考查名词及语境理解。栖息地；问题；方式；答案。根据上句until

recently

no

one

knew

how

they

did

this.可知直到最近，没有人知道他们是如何做到的。说明华盛顿大学埃利•什利泽曼教授领导的一个科学家小组现在已经找到了答案。故答案为D。

（9）考查动词及语境理解。适应；调整；告诉；记忆。根据下句It

uses

its

eyes

to

measure

the（10）of

the

sun可知它用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。说明帝王蝶能够知道一天中的时间。故答案为C。

（10）考查名词及语境理解。大小；位置；热量；颜色。根据后文it

manages

to

reach

where

it

will

spend

the

winter.可知它设法到达它将要过冬的地方。说明它用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。故答案为B。

（11）考查名词及语境理解。科学家；教授；航班；蝴蝶。根据上句They

have

found

out

that

the

monarch

is

able

to（9）the

time

of

day可知蝴蝶能够知道一天中的时间。故答案为D。

（12）考查副词及语境理解。最后；立刻；频繁地；明显地。根据下句it

manages

to

reach

where

it

will

spend

the

winter.可知它设法到达它将要过冬的地方。故答案为A。

（13）考查名词及语境理解。消耗；收入；人口；输出。根据上句The

solution

to

the

mystery

of

the

monarch's

amazing

ability

comes

at

a

time

when

it

is

in

serious

trouble.可知帝王蝶惊人能力之谜的解决方案出现在它陷入严重困境的时候。说明在过去的几年里，它的人口减少了90%。故答案为C。

（14）考查副词及语境理解。有希望地；伤心地；经常；逐渐地。根据下句human

activity

is

the

main

reason

why

the

number

of

monarch

butterflies

is

falling.可知人类活动是帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因。这是非常令人伤心地。故答案为B。

（15）考查名词及语境理解。眼睛；翅膀；决心；行为。然而，对帝王蝶行为的研究让人们对这种生物有了更多的了解。故答案为D。

这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了帝王蝶的迁徙及人类活动是导致帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因，并说明人与自然和谐共处的意义。

完形填空题的命题趋势

解题步骤：

1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。

2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。

3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。

4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。

36.【答案】【小题1】it【小题2】universally【小题3】While/Although/Though【小题4】with【小题5】that【小题6】an【小题7】study