大学物理公式大全(大学物理所有的公式应有尽有)-大学物理公式大全

v2△rRv=t和△rdr=tn△tdtaa220tn△rdsdtlimlim3速度v=△tv2a=n△t0△t0R△v△ta=dvdta=t△vdv=dsdtdΦdtRω△tdtvR0φωdvdr2=dtdt2dωdφ2002aatn12(R)ωωvdvdt22002RωαRa=na=t2RRdt)2200度aFmvgtvv011atyvty22220v2gy22vv220vvcosax0AF1BF2vvsinagty0xvcosat•01yvsina•t220v2a20mm1N•m2G为万有引力称量×2gr2v2a2022gMmr22gMr2gx2vcosa2020fμN00L常矢量)0d(mv)dPmriiI2idtdtM的M动量定理的微分形式advdtIrdmrdvI22(mv)tvFdt＝d－22mv2111ptFdtLI21dLIaPM21dttFFdt=F)MdtdL2211tFdt2dLLLIItLMdtIF＝＝1＝2100tttttL0tt0212121I常量L质点系的动量定理)△vv)—121122vv)Frcos12WWF•rcosdsdWF•drFWnnnbbbtmvmvFabaaaiiiii0(L)(L)(L)i1i1i1WF•dr(FFF)•drWWWbb量aa12n12(L)(L)WNNNtnnmv=mv=WdWiiii0i1i1limtdtt0p•RRsLLlimFcosFcosvF•v瞬时功率tt0p•ddo到pFv11mvdvmvmvW量22vv0220sinLM1mvE2sin2FkEEr•FWMMkk0dLdtWmg(hh)ab1)()F•(Wb5rraab11F•drkxkxW22bPV22PV11T1PV2ab保paab即2T2TEEEWEEEppbpabaPTmghGMm00为v0Nrp1kx2a2pPvR00T0WEEW外内kk0WWEEWMM外kk0MMEEEWMp0pp1NVmnv2W(EE)(EE)WE3外kpk0p0EEkpkpNRNVMVNVNT(n为WEEWAA外0和NAR1.38J/KNA当W、W外0时，有EEE常量如3kT2kpt1mv21mghmvmgh2220011mv2111kTkxmvkx2202222220ikTi2t1摩尔理想气体的内能为：11iNkTRTE=N220AAMMdldVMMiEE=EV22PdV0M0M1MCTT)M21尔热容摩尔物质温度改变1度所吸收或放出p2mmpm）ppRN和M()CTTQAM21pp2kT2RT2RTRT1.41mmNMMpAmolmolMCTT)Q量M21vvvmMMMiTT)内能增量E-E=2R3RTRT21M211.73v2MMmolmolMiM2PMRPP1TMV或TT21212MW’()CTTQ=v21Mv21QE-E外界做过程内21WE-E’21E-EW12VMRVVTMP或1TT212MM2PVV)RTT)WCTT)WQ21M21Mv211EEWW=QQP2112W循环1Q1QQQ1122<1QQ11CRCpvQQ高1R1功22(Q2QQW'循环12Fq、q12rCpC1qq1r2Fv2ii2RCR0C22vpC；C20ipv1Ci=8.8510;109等温变化0M1qq1r2或PVPVˆF2M11220VMVFqPV或WW22E11VMV110MVFQWQ2ErrMVT4rq3100绝热过程三个参数都变化1PEPV常量或PVPV4r311220PV11V1ˆr1()Wr11E1Vr220bUU•EUcosablaxy20E•电势UaalqU•qUU()A20abQai))ajUˆrQErr00rjErnqU0i4rai10iEE4UraQ0dEPˆUrE•4rd3E0dE•dSEEQsURQ圆E•dS4()1Rx222E0s1或EE0001qE•若连续分布在带电体上qCS0U1Q=RQ001QRqCˆ（rR)E0r20CUU12SqECC0UUd012L0RRQ11)U()A021rr的0ab•dl0EUULrPrPrCUCCUr00SrC0=rdr0d0sin0为比例系数，04r2rT•mA1070sinEIdlIcon载(cos)E0B00Rr212r1rI/B0R0DR3ER况r20rIB0Rr11IR2Q2BW202(R)C222232dqdtIjIB02Rj）2垂直B0x3jdcosj•dSISPmISSdq•dSjdtSPISnnNISnN匝mj•dSjSPmE•2Pm3BK0xE•dlKLIB扇形导线圆心处的磁场强度0RE了kLRFBQnqvSII2△tIIfIsin0a12rBr0ISBsinP•BMM6．Fr2mBcosdsB•dSPBNNdm）sinB•dSSmS•dS0BFBFv，当qS•dlIBBL0L()FqEvB场•dlI内B0LvRB(qm)B0RmTRvNnIIBB00lv与BI0rcoshUBNBI0rRdHHBIdlsindFUUlBH11RdHHIdlBdFBIdlBFFLBIBLsinBr0111II012fa2BBB'a0BBB'0•dl(NII)B0SL理I(vB)•dlSININIr0S率•IPB•INBSsint内LNBS当sintHBHmm•dlIsintHH内mLdBdt•dSsE•dl感LnIHHnInIB0rMIMC对121MI12ddtMMMm12dtM12IIdt21dd1Ndtdt12MM21ddxBlBlvdtdtM21fvBEm12ekL感LIE•dl(vB)•dlk__dI(vB)•Lbdtasinv与BuLA0nVLV2u202x0A201uuLIW2LI时002mxx0201122sin)nVtLEmumA2222rk能11)EkxkAtB弹簧的22222rp111EmukxwH2222212m1mAkAE2221222WBHdVVmxAt)V量NIHH2rAA2AAcos()A2122Ir12212R2AA1A1122A122d2x0m21vvkT2kmd2xNYx0介质的切变弹性模量v介质的杨氏弹2v2横波纵波At)xxuaBvBAsin(t)纵波''2dx)AtxdtAcost)y2xxtxTyAcos2()cos2()cos(vtx)TvtAAT1vT(21或(xx)简谐波Acosx当时vv210与Isin(t)I0xxtxyAtA2()A2()v)T111LCT1x)vVA2sin(t22E2kB012x)vEE()sin(VA2tEE220P1x)v量）VA2sin(Et222kp1EBsin(x)tEEVA222Evkp和分别为介质中的电容率和磁导率Esin(x)t1A222BWW(E)VvW22em1A222度1W•vS电磁波的能流密度12vA22vI1vILyI0SSyyAt)rr121221P)()2rrkdx2()波的叠加rDDd21212122k为到PPdr22(x)2D22)()(2rrkxd•Dd2121Dkxx•dPD2,rrkk2D12(k0,2)kxdO(2,krrk2D12(2k•(k0,2)xd2Od2q1q0CDx2dL2明条纹）hkk(22Qcos(t)q0差2(2(k暗条纹）mhkmv2201(vc)2sinllkR2kRc2dmrdEkkmcmcE22k0dN•2cm2EE2Nd00sin2k(k时为暗纹中心