2020届上海市浦东新区建平中学高三上学期开学摸底英语试题(解析版)

2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三上学期英语摸底考试卷I.ListeningComprehension(略)II.GrammarandVocabulary(20分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Tohaveafruitfuldiscussion,teachersneedtodecidewhatseatingarrangementisbestfortheirownclassandbepreparedtoexperimentwithdifferentmethods.___1___methodisadopted,itshouldhelpandbeproductiveofdialoguebetweenchildrenaswellasbetweenteacherandchild.Withinthephysicalsetting,childrenandteachersshouldagree___2___adiscussiontakesplace.Whyarerulesnecessaryfordiscussion?Thismaybeaquestiontoaskthechildren.Ifchildrenaregivenfreedomtotalk,whyarethererulesthatwillrestrictthatfreedom?Thegoldenruleisofcoursethatone’sownfreedom___3___notinterferewiththefreedomofothers.Individualswithinademocraticcommunityhaveequalrights.Achildwhotalksallthetime___4___(deny)therightsofotherstobeheard.Eachpersonshouldbeallowedanequalchancetospeakandtoputforwardtheirownpointofviewandifwewish___5___listen)to,thenweshouldlistentoothers.Thereisnopointgivingapointofview___6___someoneislistening.___7___ofusarecapableoflisteningtomorethanonepersonatatime,soanotherbasicruleshouldbe:onlyonepersontospeakatatime.Listeningimpliesnotonlyhearingthewordsbutpayingattentiontothemeaningof___8___isbeingsaid.Thisisnotanaturalthingforchildrentodo.Schoolistypicallyaplacewherechildrenlearntolistentotheteacherbutnottoeachother.Theskillsoflisteningneedtobepracticed.Theidealdiscussion,___9___everyonelistenstothespeakerandtheneachisallowedtoreply,israreamongadults,letalonechildren.Itworks____10____(well)whencertainground-rulesfordiscussionarefollowed.【答案】1.Whichever2.how3.should4.denies5.tobelistened6.unless7.None8.what9.inwhich10.better【解析】本文为说明文。本文主要说明如何在课堂进行有效讨论的方法。一个富有成效的讨论，孩子和老师应该就如何进行讨论达成一致。讨论要遵循两个基本的原则，即一个人自己的自由不应妨碍他人的自由。民主社会中的个人享有平等权利，人人都有话语权。第二是每次只能听一个人讲话，要学会倾听，每个人都能回答问题。这样才会使讨论更有效。【1题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论采用哪种方法，都应有助于儿童之间以及教师与儿童之间的对话，并使之富有成效。根据语境可知，此空格是修饰名词differentmethods。根据前句中有differentmethods，本句是指上文中提到的不同方法中的无论哪一种，有范围中的无论哪一种，应该用whichever，表示无论哪一种方法。故填Whichever。【2题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在现实环境中，孩子和老师应该就讨论的方式达成一致。根据上下文可知，此处是指就讨论的方式达成一致，即如何讨论达成一致，表方式，故填how。【3题详解】考查情态动词。句意：最好的原则当然是一个人自己的自由不应妨碍他人的自由。根据语境可知，此处表示一种建议，即应该如何做。should表示提出建议，表示“应该，可以”。故填should。【4题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：一个总是说话的孩子会剥夺他人的发言权。分析句子可知，本句的主语是三人称单数achild，根据全文可知，此处要用一般现在时，即用denies，故填denies。【5题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：如果我们希望别人倾听，我们就应该倾听别人。“wishtodosth”为固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”。但是也要注意此处用动词不定式的被动，由语境可知，此处表示我们希望被倾听，表示方式。故填tobelistened。【6题详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非有人在听，否则发表观点是没有意义的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少连词。根据句意，表示除非有人倾听，否则发表意见也没有意义的。连词unless意为“除非”，故填unless。【7题详解】考查不定代词。句意：我们没有人能够同时听一个以上的人讲话，所以另一个黄金规则应该是:一次只能听一个人讲话。根据后面的“另一个黄金规则是一次只有一个人说话”，可知没有人(none)能够一次同时倾听很多人讲话。故填None。【8题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：倾听意味着不仅要听单词，而且要注意所说内容的意思。分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语，名词从句中缺少主语一般用what，用what表示正在被说的事情。故填what。【9题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在理想的讨论中，每个人都听演讲者的讲话，允许每个人作出回应。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句。theidealdiscussion是先行词，在定语从句中作状语，即inthediscussion，要用inwhich，故填inwhich。【10题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：当遵守了某些基本的讨论规则时，讨论会更有效。根据语境可知，前后句暗含比较，主要强调后句的方法更好。故填better。SectionB(10分)Directions:Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.MostpeoplegetsweatypalmsjuststaringatEICapitan,abreathtakingrockformationiYosemiteNationalPark,California.AlexHonnold’sstayeddry.AndthisJune,hemanagedtoclimbthe900-meterverticalwall,pullingonedgesbarelybigenoughfor___11___.Honnoldcouldnot___12___anyslips.That’sbecausehecarriednothingotherthanabagofgymnasts’chalk,tokeephisfingersfreeofmoisture.Therewasnoropeto___13___himifhefell.Afterafour-hour___14___ofpowerandprecision,the31-year-oldsafelychallengedhimself.EICapitanhadbeenclimbed___15___before,includingbyHonnold,butneverinthewayhehas.In2011,anAmericanTVshowabouthisearlier“freesolos”drewseventeenmillionviewers.Inclimbing,“free”meansusingnothingbutrocksforsupport.“Solo”meansfreeofprotection.Itisthesportatits___16___.InYosemite,thebirthplaceofAmericanclimbing,Hannoldhasreacheditspeak.Praisefromfellowclimberswas___17___onlybyreliefathissafereturn.Theachievementmarksthelatestinaseriesofmilestonesforsportclimbing(竞技攀岩).In2015,twootherAmericanTommyCaldwellandKevinJorgeson,establishedarouteuptheDawnWall,EICapitan’s___18___part,afteryearsofattempts.TheymadethefrontpageoftheNewYorkTimesandgotcongratulationsfromBarackObamafortheachievement.Lastyear,sportclimbingwas___19___acceptedintotheOlympicprogramforTokyo2020.Thesehavestrengthenedclimbing’spositioninthesportingcircleinAmericaandelsewhere.GooglehasinvitedJorgesontogiveamotivationaltalktoitsemployees.Climbinggymshaveappearedaroundtheglobeoverthepastdecade,makingtheeventsaferandmore___20___toordinarypeople.Thegymshavebeenpopularamongyoungsters,whopaymoreattentionstoexercisesthantobelongings.【答案】11.C12.D13.F14.G15.H16.E17.I18.J19.A20.B【解析】本文为记叙文。本文主要描述了Yosemite优胜美地国家公园里的酋长岩上的黎明墙EICapitan远远地看着就能让人害怕的岩石，是世界上最难的攀岩路线，一直被认为是无法完成的攀岩路线。2015年，美国人汤米·考德威尔（TommyCaldwell）和凯文·乔格森（KevinJorgeson）经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往黎明墙的路线。AlexHonnold在今年的6月，通过自由攀登，第一次登上了近乎垂直的酋长岩上的黎明墙，被同行所称赞，成为体育攀岩里程碑中的最新成就。随着世界各地都出现了攀岩场，攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它了。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：今年6月，AlexHonnold成功地徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，这种岩石壁手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方。分析句子可知，本句是指攀爬的岩石非常难，手几乎没有地方可接触到，即只有手指尖(fingertips)大小的地方可接触，表明这次攀岩很危险。故填C项。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：Honnold不能有任何失误，那是因为他只带了一袋体操运动员用的吸湿粉，以保持手指不会湿。从后文That’sbecausehecarriednothingotherthanabagofgymnasts’chalk,tokeephisfingersfreeofmoisture.说明Honnoldcouldnot(2)______anyslips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所以对他来说承担不起即不能有任何闪失。“couldnotaffordsth..”意为”无法承担的起”，故选择D项。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：如果他摔倒了，没有绳子来保护他的安全。todosth,可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子来保证他的安全(secure)。故选择F。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：四个小时他展示了他的力气和（计算上的）精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。分析句子结构可知，of前一般用名词，即名词+of，可知此处要填名词，根据语境可知，此处要填display（展示，表现），G项意思符合。故选G。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：EICapitan以前也曾无伴攀爬过，包括Honnold，但从来没有以现在这样的方式攀爬过。EICapitanhadbeenclimbed(5)______before,includingbyHonnold,butneverinthewayhehas.In2011,anAmericanTVshowabouthisearlier“freesolos”drewseventeenmillionviewers.可以看出以前也有人过来独自（solo，意为“独奏，独舞，单人表演”）攀岩，solo即对应的是partnerless（无伴的），故选H。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。在美国攀岩运动的发源地约塞米蒂，汉诺德已经达到了顶峰。根据Inclimbing,“free”meansusingnothingbutrocksforsupport.“Solo”meansfreeofprotection.可知，这次攀岩运动没有任何保护措施，这正是这项运动最纯粹的(purest)部分。atitspurest，意为“最纯粹的”，符合题意，故选E。【17题详解】考查分词。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配的上同伴们的称赞。根据上文可知，这次攀岩很危险，因此他能攀岩回来，配得上同伴们的称赞，故matched（与相匹配，配的上）符合题意。故选I。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：2015年，另两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(TommyCaldwell)和凯文·乔奇森(KevinJorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往EICapitan最光滑，最光秃的黎明墙(DawnWall)的路线。In2015,twootherAmericanTommyCaldwellandKevinJorgeson,establishedarouteuptheDawnWall,EICapitan’s(8)______part,afteryearsofattempts.多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EICapitan以前未曾有人成功登上的地方，这是黎明墙最光秃秃的部分。对应blank意为“空白的，光秃秃的”，根据前面的“pullingonedgesbarelybigenoughfor___1___.”可知，几乎没有手可用力的地方。可为为最为光秃的地方，故选J。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩正式被纳入2020年东京奥运会的比赛项目。根据“acceptedintotheOlympicprogramforTokyo2020”可知，在2020年的奥林匹克运动会上climbing成为一个项目存在，即被正式的(officially)纳入比赛项目，故A项合适。故选A。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，世界各地都出现了攀岩馆，这使得攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它。“accessibleto”为固定搭配，意为“对是可得到的/可使用的/可接触的”ordinarypeople.现在攀岩馆出现在全世界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。以前攀岩为一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒险家才敢尝试。现在对大众来说也可以接触到。故B项合适。故选B项。III.ReadingComprehension(45分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordofphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TherewasonceatimethatIwouldonlydowhatIknewwascomfortableforme.Stuckinacontinuouscycleofrepetitivechoices,Iknewwhatwas____21____whenitcametomakingdecisions.Iknewwhatwouldn’t___22___metoomuch,whatwouldmegluedtothefloorofwhereIalreadywas____23____littledidIrealizeatthetimethatthiswasnottherightpathforme.AfterlivingthesametypeoflifeforsolongIdecidedbattherewasmoreforme.Althoughitwasuncomfortableatfirst,Ipushedmyselftoget___24___inthingsthatIwouldn'tnormallydo,IdecidedtoopenupandtalktootherpeoplethatIdidn’tthinkIwouldhavethe___25___toshowmyfaceto,andIstartedtosharemoreaboutmyselfwithothersthatalreadyknewme.Bydoingthesethings,I___26___tofindmorepartsoflifetoopenmyselfupto.Aquotesaid"Lifebeginsattheendofyourcomfortzone."ReadingthequotemademerealizethatIwasstuckinalifethatwasn'ttrulymine.Iwasboundbychainsthatmademe___27___toexperiencelife,soIalwayskeepitasaremindertomyselftogobeyondmy____28____.Thereareafewwaysyoucanbegintopushpastyourcomfortzone.First,makeabucketlist.Allyouneedtodoiswritedownalistofthingsthatyouwantto___29___inyourlifetime,butmakesureyoudothem.Abucketlistisn'tusefulunlessyouare___30___goingtotryandachieveit.Secondly,ifyouwant,asksomeonetotagalong(HE).Ifyouhaveafriendwhoisalsointerestedinexperiencingmoreoftheirlifethenyoucanjoin___31___andworktogether.Thatway,youcanpusheachothertoactuallygooutandexperience.Finally,____32____yourself.Makeyourselfapromisethatifyouchecksomethingoffyourbucketlistthenyouwilldosomethingniceforyourself.Maybeyouhavealwaysbeeninterestedinbungeejumping,buthavebeentoeafraid.Putitonthelistandpromiseyourselfashoppingtriporanythingelseto___33___yourselfintodoingit.Lifeisabout____34____itupwithasmanyexperiencesaspossible,sodon’tmissoutonanamazingopportunityto____35____yourselforleansomethingvaluable.21.A.safeB.sensitiveC.alternativeD.greedy22.A.temptB.excludeC.scareD.impose23.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.MoreoverD.However24.A.absorbedB.participatedC.canD.involved25A.confidenceB.benefitC.burdenD.passion26.A.claimedB.strivedC.hesitatedD.pretended27.A.excitedB.curiousC.flexibleD.afraid28.A.imagination.B.controlC.limitsD.expectation29.A.accomplishB.combineC.cultivateD.ensure30.A.accidentallyB.desperatelyC.actuallyD.consequently31.A.ideasB.forcesC.factorsD.effects32.A.behaveB.engageC.treatD.help33.A.bribeB.trapC.cheatD.shape34.A.makingB.takingC.pillingD.filling35.A.satisfyB.relaxC.identifyD.better【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.D25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.C31.B32.C33.A34.D35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个不断重复选择的循环中，我知道在做决定时什么是安全的。A.safe安全的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.alternative供选择的；D.greedy贪婪的。根据前文IwouldonlydowhatIknewwascomfortableforme,得出此处为安全的决定。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道什么不会让我太害怕，虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的。A.tempt诱惑；B.exclude排除；C.scare害怕；D.impose利用。根据上文的whatwassafe,推知此处whatwouldn’tscare,与安全的决定表示相同的含义。故选C。【23题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我知道什么不会让我太害怕，虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的。A.Therefore因此；B.Otherwise否则；C.Moreover而且；D.However然而。此处需要however作为关系副词，表示转折。HoweverlittledidIrealizeatthetimethatthiswasnottherightpathforme.本句是倒装句+宾语从句，表示“虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的”。故选D。【24题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：虽然起初很不舒服,我将自己卷入我通常不会做的事情,我决定打开心扉和我认为我没有信心展示我的脸的人们交谈。getinvolvedin涉及，卷入，该短语是固定搭配，故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然起初很不舒服,我将自己卷入我通常不会做的事情,我决定打开心扉和我认为我没有信心展示我的脸的人们交谈。A.confidence自信；B.benefit好处；C.burden负担；D.passion热情。从上下文得知，我没有抛头露面的自信。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过做这些事情，我努力寻找生活可以展示的部分。A.claimed宣称；B.strived努力；C.hesitated犹豫；D.pretended假装。文中表示通过和熟悉的人分享经历，我努力寻找生活可以展示的部分。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被锁链束缚着，这让我害怕体验生活，所以我总是把它作为一个提醒，提醒自己要超越自己的极限。A.excited兴奋的；B.curious好奇的；C.flexible灵活的；D.afraid害怕的。根据soIalwayskeepitasaremindertomyselftogobeyondmy____8____.可知我害怕体验生活。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被锁链束缚着，这让我害怕体验生活，所以我总是把它作为一个提醒，提醒自己要超越自己的极限。A.imagination.想象；B.control控制；C.limits极限；D.expectation.期待。文中表示“提醒自己要超越自己的极限。”故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单，但一定要做到。A.accomplish完成；B.combine结合；C.cultivate培养；D.ensure保证。根据Abucketlistisn'tusefulunlessyouare___10___goingtotryandachieveit.可知这里意思是你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单。故选A。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：除非你真的想要实现它，否则遗愿清单是没有用的。A.accidentally意外地；B.desperately拼命地；C.actually实际上；D.consequently结果。此处理解为除非真正完成了任务，否则列表只能是列表，因此只有actually符合题意。故选C。【31题详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你有一个朋友也对体验他们的生活感兴趣，那么你可以加入他们一起工作。A.ideas观点；B.forces力量；C.factors因素；D.effects影响。joinforces协力，团结与worktogether并列，故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后,犒劳自己。A.behave表现；B.engage参与；C.treat对待；D.help帮助。由倒数第二段推知，如果完成列表任务，可以对自己好点，也就是给自己一些奖励，因此这里是treatyourself犒劳自己。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它列在清单上，答应自己一次购物之旅或其他任何可以诱哄自己去做的事情。A.bribe诱哄；B.trap捕捉；C.cheat欺骗；D.shape塑造。根据Makeyourselfapromisethatifyouchecksomethingoffyourbucketlistthenyouwilldosomethingniceforyourself.可知这里意思是答应自己一次购物之旅或其他任何可以诱哄自己去做的事情。故选A。【34题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。makeup组成；takeup占据；pileup堆起；fillup填补。文中表示“生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它”。故选D。35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。A.satisfy满足；B.relax放松；C.identify识别；D.better改善。此处理解为不要错过任何一个完善自己，学习有价值事情的机会。故选D。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第1小题根据前文IwouldonlydowhatIknewwascomfortableforme,得出此处为安全的决定。故选A。第9小题根据Abucketlistisn'tusefulunlessyouare___10___goingtotryandachieveit.可知这里意思是你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单。故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)NoticeshavebeenputuphereandthereinthevillageforthelastfortnightannouncingameetingtodiscusstheyearlyFlowerShow,whichhasnotbeenheldinFairacreforanumberofyears.BeforeIbecamethevillageschoolmistresshere,theFlowerShowappearstohavebeenaneventofsomeimportanceandpeoplecamefrommilesaroundtoenjoyadayatFairacre.Idecidedtogotothemeeting,asthechildreninmyschool,Iknew,usedtoplayquitealargepartinthisvillageexcitementandtherewereanumberofspecialcompetitions,suchascollectingwildflowers,makingdolls’housedecorationsorlittlegardensandsoon,includedintheprogram.Itwasafreezing,starlitnight.BythetimeIarrivedattheVillagehall,therewereabouttenpeoplealreadythere.Thedoctorwaschairmanofthemeeting.Afewmenwerewarmingtheirhandovertherathersmokyoilstove,whichwastrying,somewhatinefficiently,towarmtheroom.Themeetingwascalledforseventhirtyamostinconvenienttimeinmyprivateopinionasitsuccessfullyupsetstheeveningandputsbackthetimeofone’seveningmeal.Byaquartertoeightonlyfifteenpeoplehadarrived.“Ithinkwemustbegin,”thedoctorsaid,turninghisgentlesmileuponus.HegaveashortspeechaboutthepastgloriesofFairarce’sFlowerShowandhishopesthatitmighttakeplaceagain.“PerhapssomeonewouldputforwardthesuggestionthattheFlowerShowberestarted?”hesuggested.Therewasaheavysilence,brokenonlybythemovementoffeetfromthebenchattheback.Allfifteenofus,Inoticed,weremiddle-aged.JohnPringle,Mrs.Pringle’sonlychild,musthavebeentheyoungestamongusandheisamanofnearlythirty.ItwasJohnwho,atlast,shylyansweredthedoctor’srequest.“I’lldoit,”hesaid.“ProposewehaveaFlowerShowthen.”Hesatdown,pinkandself-conscious,andthedoctorthankedhimsincerely.“Isthereanybodyelsewhoagreeswiththisproposal?”Againthatpainfulsilence.Itseemedasthoughwesatinadream.“I’lldoit,”Isaid,whenIcouldstandthewaitingnolonger.“Good!Good!”saidthedoctorcheerfully.“Let’stakeavoteherethen.”Allfifteenraisedtheirhandsdoubtfully.Tolookatourfacesanoutsidermightreasonablyhavethoughtwewerehavingthechoiceofhangingortheelectricchair.36.Whatisthepurposeofthemeeting?A.TomakearrangementsforthenextFlowerShow.B.Togetpeople’sideasaboutthenextFlowerShow.C.TodecidewhetheraFlowerShowwouldbeheldagain.D.TofindoutwhetherpeoplewouldhelpwiththeFlowerShow.37.Whatwasthereasonfortheauthor’sattendance?A.TheschoolchildrenhasalwaystakenpartintheFlowerShow.BShewantedtofindoutwhatthechildrencoulddotohelp.C.Shewantedtoknowwhatspeciallessonstogivethechildren.D.Theschoolchildrenmightdomoreworkintheschoolgarden.38.WhydidtheauthordeclarehersupportforMr.Pringle’sproposal?A.Ithadbecomefairlyclearthatnobodyelsewould.B.Shewasinhurrytogohome.C.Shewastheonlyonereallyinterestedinthematter.D.Shefeltsorryforthedoctor.【答案】36.C37.A38.A【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。本文记叙了作者村里召开会议讨论是否要再次举办FlowerShow时，对于普林格尔先生提出建议的建议，在没人同意的情况下，作者表达了自己对他的支持。【36题详解】推理判断题。第一段的第一句“NoticeshavebeenputuphereandthereinthevillageforthelastfortnightannouncingameetingtodiscusstheyearlyFlowerShow,whichhasnotbeenheldinFairacreforanumberofyears.”中提到召集村庄里所有的人开会商讨一年一度的FlowerShow——花展，而这个花展已经有好几年没在Fairacre举办了。由此可推断开会是为了讨论是否再次举办FlowerShow，故答案是C。【37题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段中的“Idecidedtogotothemeeting,asthechildreninmyschool,Iknew,usedtoplayquitealargepartinthisvillageexcitementandtherewereanumberofspecialcompetitions,suchascollectingwildflowers,makingdolls’housedecorationsorlittlegardensandsoon,includedintheprogram.”可知，作者参加这次会议是因为他是学校的学生，作者知道学生以前在这种活动中起了很大的作用。由此可推断出学校的学生过去常常参与到FlowerShow当中，故答案是A。【38题详解】推理判断题。文章最后三段描述了普林格尔先生提出建议时，倒数第三段中的“hesuggested.Therewasaheavysilence,”“ItwasJohnwho,atlast,shylyansweredthedoctor’srequest.倒数第二段中的‘I’lldoit,’”、“‘Isthereanybodyelsewhoagreeswiththisproposal?’Againthatpainfulsilence.”以及最后一段中的“‘I’lldoit,Isaid,whenIcouldstandthewaitingnolonger.“Good!Good!”saidthedoctorcheerfully.”可知，他提出建议时一片沉寂，由此可推断出，除了作者，没有人愿意站出来支持Mr.Pringle举办花展的提议，故答案是A。【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。如第2小题属于推理判断题。文章第二段的“Idecidedtogotothemeeting,asthechildreninmyschool,Iknew,usedtoplayquitealargepartinthisvillageexcitementandtherewereanumberofspecialcompetitions,suchascollectingwildflowers,makingdolls’housedecorationsorlittlegardensandsoon,includedintheprogram.”可知，作者决定参加这次会议是因为他是学校的学生，作者知道学生以前在这种活动中起了很大的作用。由此可知作者学校的学生过去常常参与到FlowerShow当中，故答案是A。(B)MappingAntarcticaAntarcticawasonthemaplongbeforeanyoneeverlaideyesonit.Nearly2,400yearsago,ancientGreekphilosopherssuchasAristotlebelievedthatagreatcontinentmustexistatthebottomoftheworld.Theythoughitwasneededtobalanceoutthecontinentsatthetopoftheworld.Inthe1500s,mapmakersoftenincludedafancifulcontinenttheyreferredtoasTerraIncognita(Latinfor“unknownland”)atthebottomoftheirmaps.Butitwasnotuntilthe1800safterexplorershadsightedandsetfootonAntarcticathatmapmakersgotdowntothebusinessofreallymappingthecontinent,whichisone—and—a–halftimesrhesizeoftheU.S..Whilethecoastlinecouldbemappedbyshipssailingaroundthecontinent,ittookairplanes—andlater,satellitestochartAntarctica’svastinterior(内陆).Thatjobcontinuestoday.Anditisajobthatstillrequireamapmaker,orcartographer,toputonbootsandheadoutintothewild.ColeKelleherisfamiliarwiththat.HeisacartographerwiththePolarGeospatialCenter(PGC),whichisbasedattheUniversityofMinnesotaandhasastaffatMcMurdoStation.PGCteamedupwithGoogletousethecompany’sTrekkertechnologytocaptureimagesofAntarcticafortheInternetgiant’spopularfeature,StreetView.ATrekkercamera,whichisthesizeofabasketball,issetabouttwofeetaboveabackpack.Thecamerarecordsimageinalldirections.“Itweighsabout50pounds.Iwasoutfortwoandahalfdays,hiking10to12hourseachday,”saysKelleher.Itwashardwork,butreallyanincredibleexperience.”AccordingtoKelleherthereareplanstousethetechnologytocreateeducationalappsformuseums.ThePGCstaffatMcMurdoStationprovideshighlyspecializedmapmakingservicesfortheU.S.AntarcticProgram.Foroneproject,Kelleherusedsatelliteimagestomaphugecracksintheice.Thathelpedateamofresearchersknowwhethertheycouldsafelyapproachtheirfieldcamponsnowmobiles.Anotherrecentprojectwastohelprecoveragiant,high—techhelium(氦气)balloonusedtocarryscientificinstrumentshighintotheatmosphere.TheseballoonsarelaunchedinAntarcticabecausethereisnodangerthattheywillhurtanyonewhentheyfallbackdowntoEarth.Usingsatelliteimages,Kelleherandcolleaguescreatedmapsofwheretheballooncouldbefound.AntarcticamaynolongerbeTerraIncognita,butitstillholdscountlessmysteries.Cartographersandthemapstheymakewillcontinuetobeessentialinhelpingscientistsunlockthosesecrets.39.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatAntarcticawasonthemapinthe1500swhen________.A.mapmakersknewitwasmuchlargerthantheU.S.B.AristotlenamedthecontinentTerraIncognitaC.noonehadeverseenorbeentothecontinentD.itwassuchaninterestingcontinentaswasoftenreferredto40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Itneedsmuchworkforthemapmakerstoheadoutintothewild.B.Theinteriorcanonlybemappedbyplanesandsatellites.C.ItisrelativelyeasytomapAntarctica’scoastlinebyship.D.Antarcticisavastbutstillmysteriouscontinent.41.ThePolarGeospatialCenter(PGC)workswithGoogleinitially_________.A.tocaptureimagesofAntarcticaforStreetViewB.totestthecompany’sTrekkertechnologyC.tocreateeducationalappsformuseumsD.tohikeforanincredibleexperience42.Thefourthparagraphmainlytalksabout_______.A.satelliteimageswhichareusedtomaphugecracksintheiceB.ahigh-techheliumballoonforcarryingscientificinstrumentsC.howtosafelyapproachtheresearcher’sfieldcampandtheballoonD.thespecializedmapmakingservicesprovidedbythePGCstaff【答案】39.C40.B41.A42.D【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要说明了如何绘制南极洲地图。南极洲很早就在地图上了，但那时只是一块未知的大陆，充满了神秘。直到19世纪探险家们踏上这块陆地后，才开始绘制南极洲地图。但绘制南极洲地图绘制不仅需要飞机、卫星及绘制人员大量的野外工作，还需要高度专业化的绘制团队。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Inthe1500s,mapmakersoftenincludedafancifulcontinenttheyreferredtoasTerraIncognita(Latinfor“unknownland”)atthebottomoftheirmaps.Butitwasnotuntilthe1800safterexplorershadsightedandsetfootonAntarctica——thatmapmakersgotdowntothebusinessofreallymappingthecontinent”可知在16世纪，地图绘制者经常在他们的地图底部绘上一个他们称为“未知大陆”的奇特大陆。但是直到19世纪，在探险家们发现并踏上南极洲之后，绘制者才着手绘制这块大陆的地图。由此推断出南极洲在16世纪的时候在地图上只是一块未知的大陆，在19世纪时探险家们才去过后，才开始了解。由此可推断出在16世纪时没有人见过或去过那个大陆，故选C。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Whilethecoastlinecouldbemappedbyshipssailingaroundthecontinent,ittookairplanes—andlater,satellitestochartAntarctica’svastinterior(内陆).Thatjobcontinuestoday.Anditisajobthatstillrequireamapmaker,orcartographer,toputonbootsandheadoutintothewild.”可知，海岸线可以由在南极洲航行的船只绘制，但它需要飞机和后来的卫星来绘制南极洲广阔的内陆。这项工作今天仍在继续。可知这是一项仍然需要地图制作者，或制图师，穿上靴子，走向野外的工作。由此可知，由船只来绘制海岸线相对容易些，绘制南极洲地图不仅需要飞机和卫星，还需要制图者走向野外进行大量的工作。故A、C是正确的，B是错误的。根据最后一段AntarcticamaynolongerbeTerraIncognita,butitstillholdscountlessmysteries（南极洲也许不再是未知的土地，但它仍然蕴藏着无数的秘密），可知，南极仍是个神秘的大陆，D也正确。综合可知，B项是错误的，故选B。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“PGCteamedupwithGoogletousethecompany’sTrekkertechnologytocaptureimagesofAntarcticafortheInternetgiant’spopularfeature,StreetView.”可知，PGC最初与谷歌合作，是利用公司的Trekker技术为这家互联网巨头广受欢迎的街景拍摄南极洲的照片（captureimagesofAntarcticaforStreetView）。故选A。【42题详解】主旨大意题。第四段的首句“ThePGCstaffatMcMurdoStationprovideshighlyspecializedmapmakingservicesfortheU.S.AntarcticProgram.”是主旨句，可知麦克默多站的PGC工作人员为美国南极计划提供高度专业化的制图服务。下文整个第四段都是围绕这个主旨句来说明这种服务的，故选D。【点睛】每一个段落都会有一它的段落大意。此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章段落的要点，概括一段的中心思想。一般地说，找出主题句，抓住文章主线和关键词语，就能归纳一段的中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章及一个段落的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出其主要大意。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容4在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。如第小题属于主旨大意题。第四段的首句“ThePGCstaffatMcMurdoStationprovideshighlyspecializedmapmakingservicesfortheU.S.AntarcticProgram.”是主旨句，可知麦克默多站的PGC工作人员为美国南极计划提供高度专业化的制图服务。下文整个第四段都是围绕这个主旨句来说明这种服务的，故选D。（C）Atherapy-animaltrendattractstheUnitedStates.TheSanFranciscoairportusesapigtocalmtiredtravelers.Universitiesnationwidebringdogs(andadonkey)ontocampustorelievestudentsduringfinals.Andthatduckonaplane?Itmightbeanemotional-supportanimalprescribedbyamentalhealthprofessional.Thetrend,whichhasbeengainingpopularityhugelysinceitsinitialstirringsafewdecadesago,isstrengthenedbyawidespreadbeliefthatinteractionwithanimalscanreducedistresswhetherithappensoverbeliefphysicalcontactattheairportorinlong-termrelationshipsathome.Certainlythegroupsofferinguppetsthinkso,asdosomementalhealthprofessionals.Butthepopularembraceofpetsasfurrytherapistsiscausinggrowingdiscomfortamongsomeresearchersinthefield,whosayithasracedfaraheadofscientificevidence.EarlierthisyearintheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentScience,anintroductiontoarticleson“animal-assistedintervention”saidresearchintoitseffectiveness“remainsinitsinfancy.”ArecentliteraturereviewbyMollyCrossman,aYaleUniversitydoctoralcandidatewhorecentlywrappeduponestudyinvolvingan8-year-olddognamedPardner,citeda“vaguebodyofevidence”thatsometimeshasshownpositiveshort-termeffects,oftenfoundnoeffectandoccasionallyidentifiedhigherratesofdistress.Overall,Crossmanwrote,animalsseemtobehelpfulina“small-to-medium”way,butit’sunclearwhethertheanimalsdeservethecreditorsomethingelseisatplay.“It’safieldthathasbeensortofcarriedforwardbythebeliefsofpractitioners”whohavesee