2022年全国乙卷英语高考真题及答案详解-转自DOCX

2022年全国乙卷英语高考真题及答案详解2022年高考英语已经结束了，对于大部分省份考生来说高考就到此结束了，今年不少网友表示高考英语并不算很难，也算是常规难度范围内，下面是小编给大家整理的关于2022年全国乙卷英语高考真题及答案详解，欢迎大家来阅读。河南省2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt??19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.答案是A。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.C.Workingonaproject.3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A.It’sbig.B.It’squiet.C.It’snew.4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5.Whereistheman’stable?A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A.Rembrandt’s.B.Botticelli’s.C.Rubens’.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A.March.B.August.C.October15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.16.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn’sproblem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisplantogoforthegold.B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.【答案】1~5BCBAC6~10ACACA11~15ACCBA16~20BBCAB第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkof

Scotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfrom

collectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhiswork

tobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像画)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesfor

thegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesis

free.An

IntroductiontoRaeburnSunday

26Oct.,15.00DUNCAN

THOMSONRaeburn’s

EnglishContemporariesThursday

30Oct.,13.10JUDY

EGERTONCharacters

andCharacterisationinRaeburn’sPortraitsThursday

6Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS

PHILLIPSONRaeburn

andArtist’sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday

13Nov.,13.10MARTIN

POSTLEExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Theisnore-admission.Closed:24-26Decemberand1JanuaryAdmission?4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof?2perpersonisavailabletoallin

full-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,in

organisedgroupswithteachers.21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn’sEnglish

Contemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.Thurs.13Nov.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payfor

admission?A.?4.B.?8.C.?12.D.?16.23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案】21~23BBC【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了苏格兰画家画展的一些情况。21.细节理解题。根据LectureSeries小标题下的内容“Raeburn’sEnglishContemporariesThursday

30Oct.,13.10”可知，答案为B。22.细节理解题。根据Admission小标题下的内容“?4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyan

adultareadmitted

free.”可知，一个成年人带着一个12岁以下的孩子是免费的，而题目中是一对夫妇带着一个孩子，因此多出来的成人需要付?8，故选B。23.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof?2perpersonis

availabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirst

degreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.”可知，如果老师组团带学生一起，可获得相应折扣，故选C。BIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—

DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRocky

Mountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmith

College.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.to

instructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.

TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpected

EducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisa

magazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,

however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,had

littleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywoke

upinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveatthe

schoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwas

replacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoon

feminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.A

hair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)

drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.Thebookendswith

RosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthe

stoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.Hereisa

pictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“When

thesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Then

afullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,

mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.26.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory.D.Adiaryentry.【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了DorothyWickenden写了一本关于自己的(外)祖母DorothyWoodruff和Rosamond

Underwood年轻时去贫困山区支教的书，作者简单介绍了这本书的情节并对这本书加以赞许。24.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoa

settlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.”可知，这两位富家女孩去到落基山脉是为了在当地一所学校教书，故选A。25.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnow

ontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning”可知，这两个女孩在支教时受了不少苦，故选D。26.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingofthe

railroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblinding

snowstorms.”可知，Wickenden书中最令人毛骨悚然的部分是关于在落基山脉修建铁路的部分，故选C。27.文章来源题。根据第一段最后一句中的“NothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwo

SocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden”，第四段的开头“InWickenden’s

book”和最后一段的开头“Wickendenisaverygood

storyteller.”可知，整篇文章都在围绕Wickenden这本书展开叙述，所以是一篇书评，故选B。CCanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityof

railwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuros

eachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”

technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksand

infrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.

Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervital

aspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracks

andswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailway

safety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecut

andoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionof

railwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespend

approximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsending

maintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdrones

assistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartproviding

higher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,

beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesfor

raildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanew

concept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackahead

ofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmalldroneswith

advancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikea

co-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,so

thatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】28.A29.C30.A31.D【解析】本文为说明文，从多方面介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。28.细节理解题。根据第二段前两句中的“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tension

electricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailway

linesandothervitalaspectsofrail

infrastructure...”可知，无人机在已经被用于检查高压电线。它们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁轨和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，所以是无人机在检查电线的使用使得无人机成为在铁轨上的应用成为可能，故选A。29.词义猜测题。根据划线词后一句中的“...20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure.”可知，仅欧洲铁路公司一年就在铁路维护上花费了大约200亿欧元，包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施，所以无人机在铁轨的使用能大大降低维修成本，故选C。30.细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIand

travellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirability

toseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbe

abletoreactin

time.”可知，配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机可以像副驾驶员实时监测，并发出问题的信号，所以铁轨无人机的作用是提供早期预警。故选A。31.标题归纳题。通读全文，文章从降低铁轨维修成本，协助员工危险作业以及提供预警等方面介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，故选D。DTheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoney

asMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthe

policyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinks

containingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreduce

childhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersare

consumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigher

riskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake?520mayearfortheTreasury.

However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthis

amount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate?240mfortheyearendinginApril

2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheir

sugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinks

nowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers’

effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinks

companieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugary

drinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthe

sugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruit

juices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asare

smallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositive

influencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsports

facilities(设施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationto

haveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryis

playingitspart.32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheir

products.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugar

content.34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.Classic

Coke.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述政府通过征收饮料糖税来控制儿童的摄糖量从而帮助减少肥胖，并且达到了很好的效果。32.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“thetax...wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhood

obesity”可知，糖税政策被引进的作用是为减少儿童肥胖，即C项“保护儿童健康”符合题意，故选C。33.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldin

shopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoid

payingthetax.”可知一些饮料公司减少了产品的含糖量来应对糖税，故选D。34.细节理解题。根据第五段第一句中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCoca

Cola,haveacceptedthesugartax”以及第五段第二句中的“Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksand

mostalcoholicdrinksarefreeo