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文档简介

economic意为“经济上的”,“经济学的”;

economic

growth经济增长;

economical意为“节约的”,“节省的”,常用于“be

economical

of”结构。an

economical

person节俭的人

economics经济学,经济情况;

economies节约,节省,节俭。

ban,forbid

prohibit

ban,forbid

prohibit三个词都表达“严禁”,其中ban语气最重,指权威机关正式严禁。

forbid是普通用词,指个人行为。prohibit是正式用词,指用法律或法令来严禁

devise

,

device

,

deviation,

deviancy

devise

v.设计;发明。device

n.装置;设备;方法;计划。deviancy

n.反常;背离。deviation

n.背离;越轨;偏差。

bare

empty

vacant

blank

bare指没有覆盖物;

empty没有填充物(内容);

vacant没有被人占据

blank没有写字;指人的表情为茫然的

barely,hardly,rarely

scarcely

rarely

意为“难得,不常”(not

often)。Rarely

have

I

seen

him

smile.

hardly

往往强调能力上有困难,意为“简直不,很难”。

scarcely

往往强调局限性,常同

enough,sufficient,any

等表达限度的词连用,意为“不太,几乎,简直没有”。He

has

scarcely

any

money

left.

barely

hardly

scarcely

意思相近,意为“几乎,勉强,仅能做到”。但假如后面跟有

ever,any,at

all

等词,只能用

hardly

scarcely,不能用

barely。

continual与continuous

continual一般指多次反复的动作:Please

stop

your

continual

questions.

continuous表达动作或物体继续不断地或不间断地进行下去:a

continuous

flow

of

traffic

efficient

effective

sufficien

efficient指“有效率的”,“高效率的”,“有能力的”,常指人;a

very

efficient

production

manager

一位非常得力的生产经理;

而effective表达“有效的”,“效率好的”,常指政策、措施等。

effective

teaching

效果好的教学

sufficient充足的,足够的。

emotional

emotive

emotions

emotional表达“充满感情的”,“易动感情的”,主语多为人;an

emotional

person

易动感情的人;

emotive表达“使人激动的”,“令人感动的”之意,主语多为物。an

emotive

speech

令人感动的演讲

emotions是人类精神情感的总称,涉及喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪

enviable

envious

enviable表达“值得羡慕的”,多作定语用。如an

enviable

possession一笔令人羡慕的财产。

envious表达“羡慕的”,“嫉妒的”,常用于短语be

envious

of(羡慕„„,嫉妒„„)。

equal

equivalent

equal指在大小、质量、数量、形状、价值等方面相称或相等,常用词组be

equal

to(等于,和„„相等),

此外,equal可作名词用,表“对手”,“匹敌者”。如:equal

pay

for

equal

work

同工同酬;

equivalent指在功能,意义、重要性等抽象的方面相称或相等。His

behavior

is

equivalent

to

treason.他的行为等于背叛。

exhausting

exhaustive

exhausting意为“使人疲倦不堪的”,“筋疲力尽的”。We

had

long

and

exhausting

meeting

this

morning.今天上午我们开了一个使人疲倦的长会。exhaustive表达“彻底的”,“无漏掉的”,“广泛的”。I

don't

claim

to

be

exhaustive

on

this

subject.我并不认为自己把这个问题讲透了。

完形填空的词组总结!

a

series

of

一系列,一连串

above

all

一方面,特别是

after

all

毕竟,究竟

ahead

of

在...之前

ahead

of

time

提前

all

at

once

忽然,同时

all

but

几乎;除了...都

all

of

a

sudden

忽然

all

over

遍及

all

over

again

再一次,重新

all

the

time

一直,始终

all

the

same

仍然,照样的

as

regards

关于,至于

anything

but

主线不

as

a

matter

of

fact

事实上

apart

from

除...外(有/无)

as

a

rule

通常,照例

as

a

result(of)

因此,由于

as

far

as

...be

concerned

就...而言

as

far

as

远至,到...限度

as

for

至于,关于

as

follows

如下

as

if

仿佛,仿怫

as

good

as

和...几乎同样

as

usual

像平常同样,照例

as

to

至于,关于

all

right

令人满意的;可以

as

well

同样,也,还

as

well

as

除...外(也),即...又

aside

from

除...外(尚有)

at

a

loss

茫然,不知所措

at

a

time

一次,每次

at

all

丝毫(不),一点也不

at

all

costs

不惜一切代价

at

all

events

不管如何,无论如何

at

all

times

随时,总是

at

any

rate

无论如何,至少

at

best

充其量,至多

at

first

最初,起先

at

first

sight

乍一看,初看起来

at

hand

在手边,在附近

at

heart

内心里,本质上

at

home

在家,在国内

at

intervals

不时,每隔...

at

large

大多数,未被捕获的

at

least

至少

at

last

终于

at

length

最终,终于

at

most

至多,不超过

at

no

time

从不,决不

by

accident

偶尔

at

one

time

曾经,一度;同时

at

present

目前,现在

at

sb's

disposal

任...解决

at

the

cost

of

以...为代价

at

the

mercy

of

任凭...摆布

at

the

moment

此刻,目前

at

this

rate

照此速度

at

times

有时,间或

back

and

forth

来回地,反复地

back

of

在...后面

before

long

不久以后

beside

point

离题的,不相干的

beyond

question

毫无疑问

by

air

通过航空途径

by

all

means

尽一切办法,务必

by

and

by

不久,迟早

by

chance

偶尔,恰巧

by

far

最,...得多

by

hand

用手,用体力

by

itself

自动地,独自地

by

means

of

用,依靠

by

mistake

错误地,无意地

by

no

means

决不,并没有

by

oneself

单独地,独自地

by

reason

of

由于

by

the

way

顺便说说

by

virtue

of

借助,由于

by

way

of

经由,通过...方法

due

to

由于,由于

each

other

互相

even

if/though

即使,虽然

ever

so

非常,极其

every

now

and

then

时而,偶尔

every

other

每隔一个的

except

for

除了...外

face

to

face

面对面地

far

from

远非,远离

for

ever

永远

for

good

永久地

for

the

better

好转

for

the

moment

暂时,目前

for

the

present

暂时,目前

for

the

sake

of

为了,为了...的利益

for

the

time

being

暂时,眼下

from

time

to

time

有时,不时

hand

in

hand

手拉手

,密切关联

head

on

迎面地,正面的

heart

and

soul

全心全意地

how

about

...怎么样

in

hurry

匆忙,急于

in

case

of

假如,防备

in

moment

立刻,一会儿

in

a

sense

从某种意义上说

in

way

在某种限度上

in

word

简言之,总之

in

accordance

with

与...一致,按照

in

addition

此外,加之

in

addition

to

除...之外(还)

in

advance

预先,事先

in

all

总共,合计

in

any

case

无论如何

in

any

event

无论如何

in

brief

简朴地说

in

charge

of

负责,总管

in

common

共用的,共有的

in

consequence(of)

因此;由于

in

debt

欠债,欠情

in

detail

具体地

in

difficulty

处境困难

in

effect

事实上,事实上

in

general

一般来说,大体上

in

favor

of

支持,赞成

in

front

of

面对,在...前

in

half

成两半

in

hand

在进行中,待办理

in

honor

of

为庆祝,为纪念

in

itself

本质上,就其自身而言

in

line

with

与...一致

in

memory

of

纪念

in

no

case

决不

in

no

time

立即,立即

in

no

way

决不

in

order

按顺序,按顺序

in

other

words

换句话说

in

part

部分地

in

particular

特别,特别

in

person

亲自,本人

in

place

在合适的位置

in

place

of

代替,取代,互换

in

practice

在实践中,事实上

in

proportion

to

与...成比例

in

public

公开地,当众

in

quantity

大量

in

question

正在谈论的

in

regard

to

关于,至于

in

relation

to

关于,涉及

in

return

作为报答/回报/互换

in

return

for

作为对...报答

in

short

简言之,总之

in

sight

被见到;在望

in

spite

of

尽管

in

step

齐步,合拍

in

step

with

与...一致/协调

in

tears

流着泪,在哭着

in

the

course

of

在...期间/过程中

in

the

distance

在远处

in

the

end

最后,终于

in

the

event

of

假如...发生,万一

in

the

face

of

即使;在...面前

in

the

future

在未来

in

the

least

丝毫,一点

in

(the)light

of

鉴于,由于

in

the

way

挡道

in

the

world

究竟,到底

in

time

及时

in

touch

联系,接触

in

turn

依次,轮流;转而

in

vain

徒劳,白费力

instead

of

代替,而不是

just

now

眼下;刚才

little

by

little

逐渐地

lots

of

许多

many

a

许多

more

or

less

或多或少,有点

next

door

隔壁的,在隔壁

no

doubt

无疑地

no

less

than

不少于...;不亚于...

no

longer

不再

no

more

不再

no

more

than

至多,同...同样不

none

other

than

不是别的,正是

on

one's

guard

警惕,提防

nothing

but

只有,只但是

now

and

then

时而,偶尔

off

and

on

断断续续,间歇地

off

duty

下班

on

a

large/small

scale

大/小规模地

on

account

of

由于

on(an/the)

average

平均,通常

on

behalf

of

代表

on

board

在船(车/飞机)上

on

business

因公

on

condition

that

假如

on

duty

上班,值班

on

earth

究竟,到底

on

fire

起火着火

on

foot

步行,

on

guard

站岗,值班

on

hand

在场,在手边

on

occasion(s)

有时,间或

on

one's

own

独立,独自

on

purpose

故意地

on

sale

出售,便宜出售

on

schedule

准时间表,准时

on

second

thoughts

经重新考虑

on

the

contrary

正相反

on

the

grounds

of

根据,以...为由

on

(the)

one

hand

一方面

on

the

other

hand

另一方面

on

the

point

of

即将...的时刻

on

the

road

在旅途中

on

the

side

作为兼职/副

on

the

whole

总的来说,大体上

on

time

准时

once

again

再一次

once(and)for

all

一劳永逸地

once

in

a

while

偶尔

once

more

再一次

once

upon

a

time

从前

one

another

互相

or

else

否则,要不然

or

so

大约,左右

other

than

非;除了

out

of

从...中;由于;缺少

out

of

control

失去控制

out

of

date

过时的

out

of

doors

在户外

out

of

order

出故障的

out

of

place

不适当的

out

of

practice

久不练习,荒疏

out

of

sight

看不见,在视野外

out

of

the

question

毫无也许的

out

of

touch

不联系,不接触

over

and

over(again)

一再地,再三地

prior

at

在...之前

quite

a

few

相称多,不少

rather

than

不是...(而是)

regardless

of

不顾,不惜

right

away

立即,立即

side

by

side

肩并肩,一起

so

far

迄今为止

step

by

step

逐步地

thanks

to

由于,多亏

that

is

(to

say)

就是说,即

to

the

point

切中要害,切题

under

control

处在控制之下

under

the

circumstances

这种情况下

up

to

date

在进行中

up

to

多达;直到;胜任;取决于

what

if

切合目前情况的

what

about

怎么样

with

respect

to

假如...将怎么样

with

regard

to

关于,至于

without

question

关于,至于,

with

the

exception

of

除...之外

without

question

毫无疑问

word

for

word

逐字的

句型:

1

the

+

est

名词

(that)

+

主词

+

have

ever

+

seen

(

known/heard/had/read,

etc)

~~~

the

most

+

形容词

名词

(that)

+

主词

+

have

ever

+

seen

(

known/heard/had/read,

etc)

例句:Helen

is

the

most

beautiful

girl

that

I

have

ever

seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr.

Chang

is

the

kindest

teacher

that

I

have

ever

had.

张老师是我曾经碰到最仁慈的教师。

2、Nothing

is

~~~

er

than

to

+

Nothing

is

+

more

+

形容词

than

to

V

例句:Nothing

is

more

important

than

to

receive

education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

3、~~~

cannot

emphasize

the

importance

of

~~~

too

much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)

例句:We

cannot

emphasize

the

importance

of

protecting

our

eyes

too

much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

4、There

is

no

denying

that

+

S

V

...(不可否认的...)

例句:There

is

no

denying

that

the

qualities

of

our

living

have

gone

from

bad

to

worse.

不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

5、It

is

universally

acknowledged

that

+

句子~~

(全世界都知道...)

例句:It

is

universally

acknowledged

that

trees

are

indispensable

to

us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

6、There

is

no

doubt

that

+

句子~~

(毫无疑问的...)

例句:There

is

no

doubt

that

our

educational

system

leaves

something

to

be

desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

7、An

advantage

of

~~~

is

that

句子

(...的优点是...)

例句:An

advantage

of

using

the

solar

energy

is

that

it

won’t

create

(produce)

any

pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

8、The

reason

why

句子

~~~

is

that

+

句子

(...的因素是...)

例句:The

reason

why

we

have

to

grow

trees

is

that

they

can

provide

us

with

fresh

air./

The

reason

why

we

have

to

grow

trees

is

that

they

can

supply

fresh

air

for

us.

我们必须种树的因素是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

9、So

+

形容词

+

be

+

主词

+

that

句子

(如此...以致于...)

例句:So

precious

is

time

that

we

can’t

afford

to

waste

it.

时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。

10、Adj

+

as

+

Subject(主词)+

be,

S

+

V~~~

(虽然...)

例句:Rich

as

our

country

is,

the

qualities

of

our

living

are

by

no

means

satisfactory.

{by

no

means

=

in

no

way

on

no

account

一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

11、The

+

~er

S

+

V,

~~~the

+

~er

+

+

V

~~~

The

more

+

Adj

+

+

V,

~~~the

+

more

+

Adj

+

+

V~~~(愈...愈...)

例句:The

harder

you

work,

the

more

progress

you

make.

你愈努力,你愈进步。

The

more

books

we

read,

the

more

learned

we

become.

我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。

12、By

+Ving,

~~

can

~~

(借着...,..可以..)

例句:By

taking

exercise,

we

can

always

stay

healthy.

借着做运动,我们可以始终保持健康。

13、~~~

enable

+

Object(受词)+

to

+

V

(..使..可以..)

例句:Listening

to

music

enable

us

to

feel

relaxed.

听音乐使我们可以感觉轻松。

14、On

no

account

can

we

+

~~~

(我们绝对不能...)

例句:On

no

account

can

we

ignore

the

value

of

knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

15、It

is

time

+

S

+

过去式

(该是...的时候了)

例句:It

is

time

the

authorities

concerned

took

proper

steps

to

solve

the

traffic

problems.

该是有关当局采用适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

16、Those

who

~~~

(...的人...)

例句:Those

who

violate

traffic

regulations

should

be

punished.

违反交通规定的人应当受处罚。

17、There

is

no

one

but

~~~

(没有人不...)

例句:There

is

no

one

but

longs

to

go

to

college.

没有人不渴望上大学。

18、be

+

forced/compelled/obliged

+

to

+

V

(不得不...)

例句:Since

the

examination

is

around

the

corner,

I

am

compelled

to

give

up

doing

sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。

19、It

is

conceivable

that

句子

(可想而知的)

It

is

obvious

that

+

句子

(明显的)

It

is

apparent

that

+

句子

(显然的)

例句:It

is

conceivable

that

knowledge

plays

an

important

role

in

our

life.

可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

20、That

is

the

reason

why

~~~

(那就是...的因素)

例句:Summer

is

sultry.

That

is

the

reason

why

I

don’t

like

it.

夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的因素。

21、For

the

past

+

时间,S

现在完毕式...(过去...年来,...一直...)

例句:For

the

past

two

years,

I

have

been

busy

preparing

for

the

examination.

过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。

22、Since

+

S

过去式,S

现在完毕式。

例句:Since

he

went

to

senior

high

school,

he

has

worked

very

hard.

自从他上高中,他一直很用功。

23、It

pays

to

V

~~~

(...是值得的。)

例句:It

pays

to

help

others.

帮助别人是值得的。

24、be

based

on

(以...为基础)

例句:The

progress

of

thee

society

is

based

on

harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

25、Spare

no

effort

to

+

(不遗余力的)

例句:We

should

spare

no

effort

to

beautify

our

environment.我们应当不遗余力的美化我们的环境。英语四级常考语法归纳

1.

常考的几种倒装结构

1)当表达否认或基本否认的词或词组位于句首作状语时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有:never,

nowhere,

seldom,

rarely,

little,

hardly,

scarcely,

barely,

not

until,

not

only,

by

no

means,

in

no

time,

under

no

circumstances,

under

no

condition,

in

no

way,

in

no

case,

at

no

time,

on

no

account等。

Never

have

heard

it

before.

Nowhere

can

find

my

lost

watch.

Under

no

circumstance

should

a

student

cheat

in

the

exam.

Not

only

was

Churchill

statesman,

but

also

a

poet.

Note:当

“no

sooner„

than”和“hardly/scarcely„

when/before”位于句首时用倒装。该结构表达“一„就„”,在时态上主句一般用过去完毕时,when或than引导的从句用一般过去时。

Hardly/Scarcely

had

I

got

home

when/before

the

bell

rang.

No

sooner

had

the

performance

begun

than

the

lights

went

out.

2)当here,

there,

then,

thus,

only,

hence,

little等副词位于句首,句中主、谓用倒装。

Here

is

the

book

for

you.

There

goes

the

bell.

Then

came

the

order

to

take

off.

Thus

arose

the

division

between

the

developed

and

developing

countries.

3)当

“so/such„

that”结构中的so或such位于句首时用倒装。

So

cold

was

it

at

night

that

I

could

hardly

fall

asleep.

Such

was

the

force

of

explosion

that

all

the

windows

were

broken.

4)分句以so,

neither,

nor,

no

more等副词位于句首,表白前面句子中所说明的情况也使用于后面的句子时用倒装。

Copper

is

a

good

conductor.

So

are

many

other

metals.

He

didn’t

see

the

film

last

night,

neither

did

she.

2.强调句型

这里讲的强调句重要是以it为引导词的分裂句。其构成形式为:It

is

(was)

+被强调部分+

that(who,

which)

+句子的其他部分。被强调的部分通常为主语、宾语和状语。

It

is

only

when

one

is

ill

that

one

realizes

the

value

of

health.

It

is

what

you

will

do

that

is

essential.

Note:

在被强调部分的后面,一般用that引出句子的其他部分。但是假如强调的部分是表达人的名词,那么也可用who;假如是指物的名词也可用which。

It

was

Jane

that/who

lent

me

the

money.

It

was

this

novel

that/which

they

talked

about

last

night.

假如强调的是因素状语从句,只能用because引导,不能由since,

as或why引导。

It

was

because(不用since或as)

he

had

never

had

the

opportunity

that

John

hadn’t

learned

to

drive.

有三类句子成分不可以进行强调,即表语、谓语动词和由though,

although,

whereas等引导的从句。

It

is

although

he

is

young

that

he

can

speak

four

languages.(误)

Although

he

is

young,

he

can

speak

four

languages.(正)

It

is

whereas

he

prefers

pop

song

that

I

like

classical

music.(误)

I

like

classical

music

whereas

he

prefers

pop

songs.(正)

3.使役动词后的宾语补足语

使役动词除了要有宾语之外还要加上宾语补足语才干使句子的意义完整。常用的使役动词有:have,

want,

make,

get,

leave,

set,

let等。可以担当使役动词宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,介词短语,动词不定式和分词等。

All

work

and

no

play

makes

Jack

dull

boy.

A

good

night’s

rest

will

set

you

right.

Note:

动词不定式可以担当使役动词的宾语补足语,但在make,

let,

have等使役动词后,动词不定式作宾语补足语时不用to。

He

made

her

give

up

the

opportunity.

What

would

you

have

me

do?

Her

pride

would

not

let

her

do

this.

分词也可以担当使役动词的宾语补足语。现在分词表达正在进行的积极意义,而过去分词表达已经完毕的被动意义。

Her

remark

left

me

wondering

what

he

was

driving

at.

The

joke

set

them

all

laughing.

He

managed

to

get

the

job

done

on

time.

I’ve

just

had

some

new

photos

taken.

4.平行结构

在英语中,当两个或两个以上的同等成分(主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补足语等)并列时,规定它们的词性或结构相同,即名词对名词,介词短语对介词短语,分词对分词,句子对句子等等。这就是英语的平行结构准则。一般在使用并列连词如and,

but,

or,

neither„

nor,

either„

or,

not

only

..

but

also,

both„

and,

more(less)„

than,

as

well

as,rather„

than等时,要注意不要违反平行结构准则。

He

likes

watching

TV

more

than

reading

books.

The

soldier

preferred

to

die

rather

than

surrender.

We

saw

Tom

walking

towards

the

river,

taking

off

his

clothes

and

plunging

into

the

water.

Censorship

prevents

a

movie

from

being

shown

or

a

book

being

sold.

5.反意疑问句

在具体运用反意疑问句时应注意以下几点:

1)假如陈述句部分是一个具有宾语从句的复杂句,则反意疑问部分的谓语动词和主语代词要与主句的谓语动词和主语相相应。

He

never

said

she

would

come,

did

he?

You

told

me

I

had

passed

the

exam,

didn’t

you?

但是假如陈述句部分是

“I

(don’t)

think,

believe,

suppose,

imagine,

expect,

fancy,

reckon等+宾语从句”的结构时,反意疑问部分的谓语动词和主语代词要与宾语从句的谓语动词和主语相相应,并且要注意否认的转移。

I

suppose

you

are

not

serious,

are

you?

She

imagines

that

people

like

her,

don’t

they?

I

don’t

believe

she

knows

it,

does

she?(因don’t的否认意义后移而不用doesn’t)

I

didn’t

expect

she

would

come,

would

she?(因didn’t的否认意义后移而不用wouldn’t)

2)假如陈述句部分是祈使句,则反意疑问部分一般用“will

you”。在否认祈使句后还是用“will

you”。

Read

the

text,

will

you?

Don’t

be

late,

will

you?

假如陈述句部分是以Let’s开头的祈使句,则反意疑问部分一般用“shall

we”;假如是以Let

us开头的祈使句,则反意疑问部分一般用“will

you”。

Let’s

have

a

party

tonight,

shall

we?

Let

us

go

home,

will

you?

3)假如陈述句部分带有never,

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