初二英语下册知识点

1.否定句型1)一般否定句Idon'tknowthis.Nonewsisgoodnews.Thereisnoperson(smoke)/notaperson/notanyperson(smoke)inthehouse.特指否定Hewenttohisoffice,nottoseehim.Iamsorryfornotcomingontime.Idon'tthink/believe/suppose/feel/imagineyouareright.部分否定Alltheanswersarenotright//AllisnotgoldthatglittersIdon'tknowallofthem.//Ican'tseeeverybody/everything.Bothofthemarenotright.全体否定Noneofmyfriendssmoke.//Icanseenothing/nobody.Neitherofthemisright.//Nothingcanbesosimpleasthis.5)延续否定Youdidn'tseehim,neither/nordidI.Youdon'tknow,Idon'tknoweither.Hedoesn'tknowEnglish,letalone/tosaynothingof/nottospeakof更不用说)French.6)半否定句Weseldom/hardly/scarcely/barelyhearsuchfinesinging.IknowlittleEnglish.Isawfewpeople.7)双重否定Youcan'tmakesomethingoutofnothing.//What'sdonecannotbeundone.Thereisnosweetwithoutsweat.//Nogainwithoutpains.Ican'thelp/keep/laughingwheneverIhearit.Nomanissooldbut(that)hecanlearn.排除否定Everyoneisreadyexceptyou.//Hedidnothingbutplay.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn'tdoit.加强否定Iwon'tdoitatall.//Ican'tseeitanymore.//Heisnolongeraboy.2.判断句型1)一般判断句ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itiskindofyoutohelpmesinceremeanshonest.Theboyiscalled/namedTom.Weregarded/consideritasanhonor.强调判断ItisEnglishthatweshouldlearn.//Itishewhohelpedmealot.弱式判断Yoursentencedoesn'tsound/look/appear/feelright.Youlook/seemasif/asthoughtyouhadbeentherebefore.Maybe/Perhaps/sheisill.Heisprobablyill.//Heislikelyill.//Itispossiblethatheislate4)注释判断1HecanremembersomanyEnglishwords,thatis(tosay)heisalivingdictionary.(活字典)5)正反判断Thatsoundsallright,butinfactitisnot.6)比较判断Itismoreapicturethanapoem.7)互斥判断Heoryouarewrong.EitherheisrightorIam.3.祝愿祁使句式1)一般句式Studyhardandkeepfit.Bebrave!Don'tbeshy!Getoutofhere.强语式Dotellme.Nevertellalie.3)委婉祈使句Pleasetellmethetrue.Would/Will/Won'tdomeafavor?Would/Doyoumindmysmoking?What/How/aboutgoingonfoot?建议祈使句Letusgo.Letusknowthetime.Don'tletthefireout.Let'snotwastethetime.You'dbetterstartearly.Shallwelistentosomemusic?Whydon'tyougetsomethingtodrink?Suppose/supposingyoupickmeupataboutsix?Isuggestwe(should)takethetrain.祝愿句Successtoyou!//Wishyouagoodjourney.Mayyouhaveahappymarriage.//Here'stoyoursuccess!Allowmetoproposeatoasttoourfriendship!4.感叹句型Howwellhespeaks!//Howkindsheis!//Whataniceweatheritis!Herehecomes!//Suchislife!//Wonderful!//Help!5.疑问句型1)一般疑问句Isheadoctor?//Doyouthewaytothestation?反意疑问句Heisateacher,isn'the?//Itisquitecheap,don'tyouthink?3)特殊疑问句Whatisthedistance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?Whoishe?Whatishe?(干什么的)//Whatishelike?//Howishe?Howdoyoulikehim?//Whatdoyouthinkofhim?Whateverdoyoumeanbysayingthis?选择疑问句Heisadoctororanurse?间接疑问句Doyouknowhowoldheis?//Tellmeif(whether)youlikeit.Whatdoyouthink/say/supposeIshoulddo?6.数词句型1)表数目Itisexactlyteno'clock.//Itisfivemilesawayfromhere.2Heismorethan/over/atleastnotlessthan20.Heisunder/atmost/nomorethan20.表年月日HewasbornonApril221994onthemorningofOct.1.表年龄Heis20yearsold/yearsofage.//Heisattheageof10.表倍数Itisfourtimesthatoflastyears.Thisisfourtimesasbig(again)asthatone.Thisisfourtimesbiggerthanthatone.Theincomeisdoublewhatitwas.Theoutputofcoalwas200%greaterthanin1998.表计量Itis10meterslong/wide/high.//Itcostsme100yuan.Ispent10hourstofinishit.//Ittookme10daystofinishit.Itisworth100yuan.7.关联指代句型两项关连Ihavetwobooks,oneisChinese;theotherEnglish.Ihavefivebooks,oneisChinese;theothersEnglish.Tosayisonething,but/and/todoisanother.Onetheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheotherhand,Iamalsoyoufriend.Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.先后顺序First/firstly,Iwishgoodhealth,second/secondlysuccessinyourstudy,third/thirdlygoodluckineverything.Firststop,thenlook,finallycross.Atfirst/inthebeginning/hewordhard.Later/Afterwardsheisnotsodiligent.修饰限制ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost同一本书)Don'ttrustsuchamanasoverpraiseyou.He/One/Those/Theywhoshouldcomefailedtoappear.Aman/Aperson/Theone/Anyone/Peoplewhosawherlikedherverymuch.Theday/time/momentwillcomewhenChinaisstrongestintheworld.4)两项连接HecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.Thebookisbothinterestingandinstructive.Itisneithercoldnorhot.Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout.Theoldworkerhasexperienceandknowledgeaswell.加和关系Besidesliterature,wehavegrammarandwriting.Apartfromoxygen,therearesomeothergasesintheair.Inadditionto"if",thereismanyotherconjunctionsthatcanintroduceconditionalclauses.Imustgonow,incidentally,ifyouwantthatbook.Youseemtoliketea,sodoI.38.比较句型等比句HeisastallasI.//HeisthesameheightasI.Sheisnolessdiligentthanhe.Thelabisnobetterthanacottage.2)差比句IspeakEnglishworsethanhedoes.//Heisnotso/astallasIam.Ourknowledgeismuchinferiortotheir.3)极比句Heisthetallestofallintheclass.None/Noone/issoblindasthosethatwon'tsee.Nothingissoeasyasthis.比例句Themoreamanknows,themorehefeelshisignorance(无知).5)择比句HeistallerthananyotherboyintheclassItisbetterlatethannever.//TheywoulddiethanliveasslavesHeprefersdoingtotalking//Hepreferstodoratherthantotalk.HeprefersmathematicstoEnglish.//I'dratherstayhere.对比句Youthinkmeidle,butonthecontrary,Iambusy.Theyareworkinghardwhileyouarewastingyourtime.9.比喻句型Wemustworklikehim.//Hebehavesashisfatherdoes.HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewasaforeigner.10.条件假设句1)一般事实Ifwesucceed,whatwillthepeoplesay?Supposeitrains,whatshallwedo?Persevere(坚持)andyou'llsucceed.虚拟条件句IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo.//Ifyouhadseenit,youwouldhavebeenmoved.反条件句Unlessyoutry,you'llneversucceed.//Don'tmove,or/else/otherwiseI'llshot.唯一条件句IfonlyIhaveanotherchance,Ishalldobetter.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.So/Aslongaswedon'tloseheart,we'llsucceed.推论条件句Sincethatisso,thereisnomoretosay.Nowthatyouaregrownup,youmuststopthisbehavior.11.时间句型一般时WhenIseehim,I'lltellhim.2)表同时You'llgrowwiserasyougrowolder.Workwhileyouwork,playwhileyouplay.4Heworked,atthesame/inthemeantimehelistenedtothemusic.限制时Every/eachtimewhenIwenttohishouse,hewasout.Bythetimethatwegotthere,hewasout.交替时Sometimeshesings,sometimeshedances.Atonetimethebabycries,atanotherittalks.先时Istoppedhembeforehebegantotalkwithme.后时I'lltellyouafterIfinishit.紧接时AssoonasIseehim,I'lltellhim.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.The(very)moment/instant(that)Isawhim,Irecognizedhim.Onhearingthenews,shebustintotears.HardlyhadIseenthelight,whenIheardaloudthundering.延续时Ihaven'tseenhimsinceIcamehere.Afriendisneverknowtill/untilamanhaveneed.12.地点句型1)一般地点Wherehaveyoubeen?Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.方位HebeiliesintheeastofChina.JapanisliestotheeastofChina.Thehousefaces(to)thesouth.HeissittingatthefrontoftheclassroomHeisstandinginfrontof/beforeme.Heissittingatthebackof/behindme.Heissittinginthebackof/attherearoftheclassroom.Heissittingnextto/besidesme.Heissittingcloseto/nearme.Atthetopof/Ontopoftheshelf,therearesomebooks.Heissittingontheleft/right.ThemountainyouseetotherightisthePurpleMountain.13.原因句型Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.Sinceweareallhere,let'sbeginourmeeting.Itmightrainyesterday,forthegroundwaswet.Now(that)wehavefinishedthework,wecangohome.Iamgladtomeetyou.IamsorrythatIhearthat.Thankyouforyourhelp.Thatiswhyhefailedtocome.5Hedidn'tcomebecauseof/onaccountoftheweather.Hewentoutofcuriosity.Isucceededthankstohishelp.Thisfailureisduetothefacttheylackexperience.Owingtoourjointefforts,thetaskwasfulfilled.WhatarestudyingEnglishfor?Forwhatreasondidyouchoosethis?What'sthepointofaskinghistodothat?Howcomeyounevertoldmeaboutit?Whatwiththewindandwhatwiththerain,ourwalkwasspoiled.14.目的句型Hestoppedasidesothatshecouldgoin.Hesitsinthefrontinorderthathecanseewordsclearly.Hegetsupearlysoasto/inordertohavetimetodoexercises.Herepeateditforfearthatthereshouldbeanymistake.15.结果句型Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Theycostalotofmoney,so/thereforeweusethemcarefully.Heissuchagoodmanthateveryonelikeshim.Heransofastthatnoonecouldcatchhim.Hehurriedtothehouseonlytofindthatitwasempty.Iwascaughtintherain.Asaresult,Ihadabadcold.16.程度句型Howoftendoyouwritetoyourparents?Howlongdoyoustayathome?Itissobeautifulthatweallloveit.Itistoobigforyou.Heistooexcitedtospeak.Heisnotoldenoughtoknowthis.ThelettermustbesentassoonaspossibleYoumustworkashardasyoucan.AsfarasIknow,IcanspeakonlyEnglish.17.让步句型Though/Althoughheisrich,(yet/still)hedoesn'tshowoff.Yangasheis,heknowalotofthings.Evenif/thoughhesucceeded,hewasnotproud.Nomatterwhatyousay,I'llstilltrytodoit.Keepcalm,whateverhappens.Inspiteofthis,wemustgoaheadwithourplans.Regardlessofallthedifficulties,we'llfightitouttotheend.18.转折句型Isearchedeverywherebutcouldnotfindhim.Youmaygo,onlyreturnquickly.Heisseriouslyill,stillthereishopeofhisrecovery.Itlookedlikerain,howeveritwasclearintheafternoon.Heisstillyoung,yetheishighupintheposition.6Hedidn'ttellmethetruth,Iknowit,though.19.省略句Ithink/say/suppose/expect/believe/hopeso.Whynotcomeearliernexttime?练习一、英汉词组互译1.helpsb.todosth.________________3.stayup_________________2.bemarried_____________4.atleast______________6.usedto______________8.lookfor______________10.putout______________5.abit________________7.justnow_____________________9.lookat______________________单选1._____doeshestudyEnglish?EvevydayAWhenBWhereCHowlongDHowlongDisgoing2.Cathy____tothemoviesaboutonesaweek.Awent3.Shelikes_________movies.AwatchBwatching4.It'sverynice_____comeandseeme.A.foryoutoB.ofyoutoC.fromyouto5.I'minterestedinanimal,soI_____everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.A.payB.getC.takeD.spend6.____Lucy_____Lilymaygototheconcertwithyou.BecausetheyarenotallowedtogoBgoCgoesCwatchedDiswatchingD.toyouofA.Either;or7.Oneofhisparentsisadoctor,()worksinaschool.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherB.Neither;norC.Both;anD.Notonly;butalsoD.theanother8.Theteacherandwriter____doingexercisethistimeyesterday.A.isB.wasC.are9.Hegetsupearly,_____hecan'tarrivelateforschool.A.andB.butC.so10.Hismotherlefthimathome_____,hefelt______.A:alone;lonelyB:lonely;aloneC:alone;alone11.Thereisonly_______timeleft.WemusthurryA.littleB.alittleCfew12..It_______hertenyearstomakemoney____thebighouse.A.takes,topayB.take,payforC.took,paid13.Myparentswantme________athomeeverynight.A.stayB.stayingC.tostay14..Myfriendisangrywithme.WhatshouldI______tohim.D.wereD.becauseDloneiy;ionelyD.afewD.took,topayforD.staiesA.sayB.speakC.argueD.talk15..Hecoulddonothingexcept_________TV.7A.watch16.There'sgoingto____abookshownextweek.A:haveBbeCdo17.Nooneknowswhy_____lastforschoolagain.AheBhedidCdidheBwatchesC.watchingD.willwatchDdoesDhewas18.Whentheteacher_____alesson,astrangemancameintotheclassroom.Agave19.Tomisoneof_____boysinourclassAtallestBtaller20.Whichis______,LiLeiorWuTong?AstrongBstrongestBgivesCgivenDwasgivingCthetallestCstrongerDthetallDthestrongest三.适当形式填空1.YesterdayI______(see)asmallchild2.______(watching)TVtoomuchisbadforoureyes3.Therearelotsofpeople_______(lie)onthebeach.4.TheystayedinShanghaiforafew________(day).5.Therearetoofew________(tomato)inthefridge.四.句型转换1.Iwillgetupearlytomorrow.（改为否定句）2.IwilljointheEnglishcompetition.(改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答）3.Lindahaslongerhairthan改为一般疑问句）4.Mysisterwentshopping.Shedidn`tgotothemovies（合并成一句）五.汉英提示完成句子.我正在考虑怎样解决这个问题Iamthinkabout_________howtosolvethisproblem.你确定他回来吗？Areyousure____he____come?83.你认为这项工作半小时后会完成吗？Doyouthinkthework____________inhalfanhour?4.直到昨天下午5点，我们才离开公园。We_____________thepark________fiveo’clockyesterdayafternoon.5.上周在他们到达北京之后，给我打个电话。Afterthey________________Beijinglastweek,theymadeaphonecalltome.我不得不给他打个电话。I___________callhim.7.“你会说法语吗？”“会一点儿”“DoyouknowhowtospeakFrench?”“Only__________.”8.我们为什么不去买一个新的呢？Why______________gotobuyanewone?9.汤姆看起来累了，他需要好好休息。Tom.Heneedsagoodrest.10.你在等汽车吗？Areyouthebus?单选()1.Timmygoestoschool_________everyday.It'snotfarfromhishome.A.inabus()2.Doyouknow_________duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoB.byplanesC.onfootD.byboatD.whatTomdid()3.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare_________newwordsinit.9A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few()4.---Wouldyoulike_________?---Yes,please.A.somethingtodrinkB.haveadrinkC.haveacupofteaD.tosomethingtodrink()5.-Mum,I'mgoingoutwithmyclassmates.-OK,butyou'dbetter___________backtoolate.A.don'tcome()6.Mybrotherenjoys_________totheradio.A.tolistenB.tohear()7.You_________smokehere.It'sdangerous.A.needn'tB.couldn't()8.---IsthatChrisspeaking?---Sorry,heisn'tin.He_________abroadonbusiness.A.goesB.went()9.Icalledyoulastnightbutnobodyansweredthephone.What_________you_________?A.are;doingB.were;doingC.do;doD.do;are()10.I'llgowithyouassoonasI_________mywork.A.willfinishB.shallfinishC.finish()11.Don'tturnontheTV.Grandma_________now.B.nottocomeC.notcomingD.notcomeC.listeningC.mustn'tD.hearingD.mightnotC.hasbeenD.hasgoneD.finishedA.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleep()12.---It'sSunday._________gotothepark?---Goodidea.A.WouldyoupleaseB.Let'sC.Whydon'tweD.Doyoulike10()13.Theradioistooloud.Pleasetellherto_________.A.turnitdown()14.Fishcannotlive_________water.A.onB.byB.turndownitC.turnoffitD.turnitonD.withoutC.with()15.Henrydoesn'thaveanytimetoshowusaroundthecity.We'llhavetofind_________.A.someoneelseB.elsesomeoneC.oneelseD.someoneelse()16.IfMike_________upearlier,hecanfinishtheworkintime.A.getB.willgetC.getsD.isgetting()17.---Iamtootired.---_________takearest?A.Whydon'tB.WhynotC.WhynotdoD.Won't()18.Theteachertoldusthattheearth_________aroundthesun.A.traveledB.istravelingC.travelsD.travel()19.---_________willyoursisterwatchTV?---Twiceaweek.A.Howlong()20.Theshirtis_________smallforme.Ican'twearit.A.toomuchB.muchtooC.toomany()21.I_________mydictionaryeverywhere,butIcouldn't_________it.A.lookedfor,findB.found,lookforC.lookedfor,lookedB.HowfarC.HowsoonD.HowoftenD.manytooD.found,find()22.---Jim,putthemeatinthefridge,oritwill_________bad.---OK.A.goB.changeC.feel11D.keep()23._________youever_________Parisbefore?A.Have,beentoB.Have,gonetoC.Did,goD.Do,you()24.---Howlongdoesittakeyou_________fromhometoschool?---Itusuallytakesabout25minutes.A.get()25.Ihaven'treadastoryas_________asthisone.A.interestedB.interestingC.moreinteresting()26.Remember_________yourvocabularynotebookeveryweek.A.tocheckB.checkingC.check()27.YoucanwalkupNorthStreettonumber15.It'sabout__________.B.getsC.togetD.gettingD.moreinterestedD.tobecheckedA.afiveminutes'walkC.afive-minuteswalkB.fiveminute'swalkD.five-minutes-walk()28.Todayismymother'sbirthday.Iwanttocook__________formyparents.A.anydifferentthingB.differentanythingD.differentsomethingC.somethingdifferent()29.---________areyoustayingthere?---Forabouttwoweeks.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howsoon()30.________itisrainytoday,_________hestillworksoutside.A.Although,butB.But,althoughC./,althoughD.Although,/、1-5CCDAD6-10CCDBC11-15ACADA16-20CBCDB21-25AAACB26-30AACAD完成句子1.如果你努力学习，将来你的梦想肯定能实现。Ifyoustudyhard,yourdreamwill______________________.2.你如果明天有空，我们一起去滑冰吧。12Ifyouarefreetomorrow,let's______________________together.3.邮局离这儿有些远，你最好坐车去。Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.______________________takeabus.4.为了支付学费，他在业余时间做了一份兼职工作。______________________thetuition,hegetsaparttimejobinhissparetime.5.车马上就开了，请尽快上车。Thebusisgoingimmediately,please______________________.6.请准时参加会议，开会之前我们要一起照张相。Please_____________themeeting_____________,andwewill_____________togetherbeforethemeeting.7.一场罢工在全世界发生了，我刚刚听说了这件事。Astrike_____________allovertheworld.Ijust_____________it.8.玛丽很擅长数学，她在每次考试中都取得好成绩。Mary_____________math,andsheeveryexamination.9.刚才我花两个小时完成了这幅画。I________________twohours________________thepicturejustnow.10.汤姆年纪太小，不能开车。Tomis________________young________________driveacar.11.他们的家庭生活和我们的相似，喜欢的食品和爱好也相同。Theirfamilylifeis________________ours,andtheyenjoythesamefoodandhobbies.12.工人们停下来休息是非常必要的。Itis_________________fortheworkerstostop_____________________.13.暑期周游世界是个好主意。Itisagoodidea_________________duringthesummerholiday.14.在考试中，除了吉姆，没人取得进步。__________________Jim,noone________________intheexam.15.我愿意步行，不愿意骑自行车。I_________________walking_________________cycling.Keys:1.cometrueinthefuture3.You'dbetter2.goskating4.Inordertopayfor5.getonthebusassoonaspossible6.takepartin,ontime;takeaphoto137.tookplace;heardabout/of9.spent,finishing8.isgoodat;doeswellin10.too,to11.similarto12.necessary,tohavearest14.madeprogress,besides13.totravelaroundtheworld15.prefer,to练笔1假如你是学校记者站的小记者，在初二（3）班进行了一个关于中学生生活习惯的调查，请根据以下调查结果完成你的调查报告，并阐述你对结果的看法。habitseveryday2-3timesaweekneverhavebreakfast80%15%5%eatfruit60%15%25%eatjunkfood50%40%10%exercise40%55%5%练笔2校学生心理诊所开始接待同学了，作为在诊所工作的志愿者，请你根据同学们普遍存在的问题，提出合理化的建议。Problems:easytobetire