医学英语疾病介绍-gastriccarcinoma胃癌课件

GastricCarcinoma胃癌IntroductionDescription 概述Classification 分类Causes 病因Symptoms 症状PathlogicalChanges 病变ExamsandTests 临床检查Treatment 治疗Outlook(Prognosis) 预后Prevention 预防GastricCancerreferstocancerarisingfromanypartofthestomach.Stomachcancercausesabout800,000deathsworldwideperyear.GastricCarcinomaisthemostcommoncauseofdeathinmalignanttumorsofalimentarysysteminChina.Description--Definitioncarcinoma[ˌkɑ:siˈnəumə]n.癌malignant[məˈliɡnənt]adj.恶性的alimentary[ˌæliˈmentəri]adj.消化的Stomachcancerworldmap-Death–WHO(世界卫生组织)2004Age-standardiseddeathrates(年龄标准化死亡率)fromStomachcancerbycountry(per100,000inhabitants(居民)).Description--FeaturesSeveraldifferenttypesofcancercanoccurinthestomach.Themostcommontypeiscalledadenocarcinoma,whichstartsfromoneofthecommoncelltypesfoundintheliningofthestomach.Gastriccancer胃恶性肿瘤Gastriccarcinoma(Adenocarcinoma)95%(arisingfromtheepithelium来源于上皮组织)胃腺癌Gastricsarcoma5%(ArisingfromMesenchymaltissue来源于间叶组织)胃肉瘤（教材未提及）Classificationadenocarcinoma[ˈædinəuˌkɑ:siˈnəumə]n.腺癌thelining(衬里,内层)ofthestomach:胃壁Mesenchymal[mes‘eŋkiməl]adj.间叶细胞的,间充质的

Adenocarcinomaofthestomachisacommoncancerofthedigestivetractworldwide,Therateofmosttypesofgastricadenocarcinomahasgonedownovertheyears.Expertsthinkthedecreasemaybebecausepeopleareeatinglesssalted,cured,andsmokedfoods.ClassificationDigestivetract：消化道Salted：盐腌的Cured：熟化的，熏制的Smoked：烟熏过的Haveinflammationandswellingofthestomachforalongtime(chronicatrophicgastritis)HaveperniciousanemiaSmokeCausesInflammation:[ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən]n.[医]炎症Swelling:[ˈswelɪŋ]n.肿胀chronicatrophic[əˈtrɔfik]gastritis[gæˈstraɪtɪs]:慢性萎缩性胃炎pernicious[pəˈnɪʃəs]anemia[əˈni:mi:ə]:恶性贫血Abdominalfullness(腹胀)orpain(疼痛),whichmayoccuraftereatasmallmealDarkstools(黑便)Difficultyswallowing(吞咽困难),whichbecomesworseovertimeExcessivebelching(嗳气/打嗝儿过度)Generaldeclineinhealth(全身健康机能减退)SymptomsAbdominal:[æbˈdɔmənəl]adj.腹部的Belch:[beltʃ]v.打嗝，嗳气Decline:[diˈklain]n.衰退嗳

[ǎi]:打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。Lossofappetite(食欲缺乏)Nausea(恶心)Vomiting,whichmaycontainblood(呕血)Weaknessorfatigue(疲劳)Weightloss(体重减轻)SymptomsAppetite:[ˈæpitait]n.胃口，食欲Nausea:[ˈnɔ:zi:ə,-ʒə,-si:ə,-ʃə]n.作呕；恶心；反胃Vomit:[ˈvɔmit]vt.&vi.呕吐Fatigue:[fə'ti:g]n.疲劳Protrudedtype(Ⅰ型隆起型)Superficialtype(Ⅱ型表浅型)Superficialelevatedtype(Ⅱa型表浅隆起型)Superficialflattype(Ⅱb型表浅平坦型)Superficialdepressedtype(Ⅱc型表浅凹陷型)Excavatedtype(Ⅲ型凹陷型)PathlogicalChangesProtrude:[prəʊˈtru:d]vt.使突出Superficial:[ˌsju:pəˈfiʃəl]adj.表面（上）的Excavate:[ˈekskəˌveɪt]vt.挖掘；开凿(1)息肉型或蕈伞型

polypoidorfungatingtype(2)溃疡型Ulcerativetype(3)浸润型Infiltratingtype进展期胃癌大体类型PathlogicalChangesPolypoid:['pɔlipɔid]息肉样Fungating:['fʌngeit][医]真菌样生长Ulcerative:[ˈʌlsərətiv]adj.溃疡（性）的Infiltrating:[ɪnˈfɪlˌtreɪtɪŋ]v.（使）渗透Asuspiciousstomachulcerthatwasultimatelydiagnosedascanceronbiopsy([baiˈɔpsi]活检)andresected([ri(:)ˈsektid]切除).Thesurgicalspecimen([‘spesimən]外科手术样本)wassubsequently([’sʌbsikwəntli]随后，后来)keptforeducationalpurposes.

PathlogicalChangesAdenocarcinomaofthestomach([‘ædinəukɑ:si’nəumə]腺癌)隶属溃疡型进展期胃癌，伴有溃疡形成的胃癌有时需与消化性溃疡鉴别Diagnosisisoftendelayed(被推迟)becausesymptomsmaynotoccurintheearlystagesofthedisease(疾病早期阶段).Or,patientsmayself-treatsymptoms(自己治疗出现的一些症状)thatgastriccancerhasincommonwithother,lessseriousgastrointestinaldisorders(相对不那么严重的胃肠道疾病)(bloating(胃气胀),heartburn(胃灼热),andasenseoffullness(腹胀感)).ExamsandTestsGastrointestinal[gæstrəuin'testənl]disorders胃肠道病症Bloating[bləʊtɪŋ]胃气胀Heartburn[ˈhɑ:tbə:n]胃灼热Thefollowingtestscanhelpdiagnosegastriccancer:Completebloodcount(CBC)tocheckforanemiaEsophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)withbiopsytoexaminethestomachtissueStooltesttocheckforbloodinthestoolsExamsandTestsCompletebloodcount(CBC)tocheckforanemia:贫血时检查全血细胞计数Esophago[aɪˈsɔfəgəʊ]/gastro[ˈgæstrəʊ]/duodeno[ˌdju:əuˈdi:nəʊ]/scopy(EGD):食道、胃、十二指肠镜检查Stooltesttocheckforbloodinthestools:大便中带血时检查粪便Surgerytoremovethestomach(gastrectomy)istheonlytreatmentthatcancurethecondition.Radiationtherapyandchemotherapymayhelp.Formanypatients,chemotherapyandradiationtherapyaftersurgerymayimprovethechanceofacure(提高治愈的可能性).Forpatientswhocannothavesurgery,chemotherapyorradiationcanimprovesymptomsandmayprolongsurvival(延长生存时间),butwilllikelynotcurethecancer.Forsomepatients,asurgicalbypassprocedure(外科旁路手术)mayrelievesymptoms(减轻症状).TreatmentGastrectomy:[ɡæsˈtrektəmi]胃切除术Radiation[ˌreidiˈeiʃən]therapy:放疗Chemotherapy[ˈkeməuˈθerəpi]:化疗Massscreeningprograms(疾病普查程序)havebeensuccessfulatdetectingdiseaseintheearlystages(疾病早期探测)inJapan,wheretheriskofgastriccancer(胃癌带来的危害)ismuchhigherthanintheUnitedStates.Thevalueofscreening(这种普查的价值)intheUnitedStatesandothercountrieswithlowerratesofgastriccancer(美国以及胃癌发病率较低的其它国家)isnotclear(尚不明确).PreventionThefollowingmayhelp