外研版高二英语必修四 module 1 Reading language points

Module1LifeintheFutureLanguagepointsinreadingNooneknowsforsure,andmakingpredictionsisariskybusiness.谁也说不准,并且猜测也是件冒险的事。动名词短语作主语

踢足球是他的业余爱好之一。Playingfootballisoneofhishobbies.考点提炼句子仿造Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasearth’snaturalresourcesrunout.

carefor照顾；喜欢

IlikehimbutIdon'tcareforher. He'sentrustedhischildrentomycareforaday. carefor表示“喜欢”，常用于疑问句或否定句；表示“照顾”是较正式的用语careabout关心，在乎Shedoesnotcareaboutherhusbandatall.

Idon’tcareaboutyouropinion.Idon’tcarewhetheritrains.careabout只表示认为某事重要并产生兴趣或忧虑，常用于疑问句和否定句；后接从句about时省略。

runout用尽；耗尽

Thepetrolisrunningout.

runoutof用完；耗尽

Hehasrunoutofredink. ClubofRomeestimatethatoilwillrunoutofin1992.runout与runoutof

runout用完了(=becomeusedup)，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。Hismoneysoonranout.runoutof“用完了”，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.runoutof+宾语还有“从……流出/跑出”的意思。runout也有“流出”的意思，但不可接宾语。活学活用I____youavaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butI____allmymoney.A.wouldliketogive;ranoutofB.wouldliketohavegiven;ranoutofC.wouldliketogive;wasrunoutofD.wouldliketogive;ranout解析分析句子知第一空是在过去虚拟条件“如果我的钱没有花完”下,得出的结论,故用完成时;第二空需一个及物动词短语的主动形式,故B项正确。B归纳拓展runabout到处跑runacross偶然遇到runafter追逐,追踪runaway(常与from连用)逃脱,逃避,躲开rundown(用车)撞倒;追寻;追获runinto碰撞;遇上,偶然遇到runoff(使)逃跑;使溜掉Wewillalsohavetorelymoreonalternativeenergy,suchassolarandwindpower.

relyon/upon依赖；信赖；信任 Irelyonmybrother'swordsabsolutely. Don'trelyonhimtodoanythinghe'sjustatalker.

relyonone’sownefforts／strength自力更生归纳拓展relyon/upon依靠;信任,信赖dependon/upon依靠counton指望;依靠believein信任Relyuponit.放心吧。relyonsb./sth.todo/doing...信赖某人/做……relyonsb./sth.for...因……而依赖某人/物relyonitthat...指望……活学活用(1)我们不能指望他们来帮助我们。Wecan’t_____________tohelpus.(2)你可以指望本周会下雨。Youcan___________itthatitwillrainthisweek．relyonthemrelyon/uponTogetridofgarbageproblems,thecitywillloadhugespaceshipswithwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun,…

getridof摆脱；去掉；除去 Hecan’tgetridofthecold.Youshouldgetridofyourbadhabit.活学活用(1)Afteryouhavelearnedsomethingnew,itisimportantthatyoutryto______.A.bringitupB.letgoofitC.getridofitD.putitintopractice(2)Themotheroftentellshersontobeagoodboy,warninghimto______trouble.A.holdbackfromB.keepoutofC.breakawayfromD.getridofDBPolicewillarrestcriminalsbyfiringnetsinsteadofguns.arrestv.逮捕;拘留;吸引

n.逮捕;拘留Waynewasarrestedfordangerousdriving.

韦恩因危险驾驶而被拘留。Herwarningtonearrestedmyattention.

她警告的口气引起了我的注意。归纳拓展arresteen.被捕者arrestern.逮捕者arrestmentn.拘捕;阻止;逮捕falsearrest［律］非法拘捕arrestsb.forsth.因某事而逮捕某人arrestsb.onchargeof以……罪逮捕某人getarrested被捕arrestone’sattention引起某人的注意beunderarrest被拘留beput/placedunderarrest被捕;在拘留中活学活用(1)Theagentwas_____forcarryingafalsepassport.A.chargedB.accusedC.suspectedD.arrested

解析句意为:这位代理因携带假护照而被捕。A、B项意为“控告;指控”;suspect意为“怀疑”。D(2)Whenshewas_____,thedetectivefoundoutthattheshopassistantwasherdaughter.A.caughtB.arrested C.capturedD.grasped

解析arrestsb.(forsth.)后多跟被捕原因;capture捕获,符合题意。C

insteadof代替；而不是

insteadof是介宾短语，其宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词+ing形式充当。

Thereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices. Igavehimadviceinsteadofmoney.

Heaskedmeanotherquestioninsteadofansweringme.

instead意为“代替；替代”，作副词用，通常位于句尾。如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开。instead在顺接句子中作“代替”讲，而在转折（或逆转）句子中作“然而”讲。例如：Lilyisn'there.AskLucyinstead.[注意]当instead在祈使句中时，只能位于句末。Shedidn'tanswerme.Instead,sheaskedmeanotherquestion.活学活用杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。

Jackdidn’tstudylaw.________,hedecidedtobecomeanactor.(2)我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。

Wewalkeddownthestairs_________takingtheelevator.

InsteadinsteadofInthefutureallshoppingwillbedoneonline,mandn.[U,C[命令,指挥;[U]控制

v.命令,指挥;掌握;拥有

Forthefirsttimeinyears,hefeltincommandofhislife.

归纳拓展command后接的宾语从句中用虚拟语气(should)do,其后接的同位语和表语从句中也用虚拟语气。have/takecommandof指挥……makecommandof控制……dosth.at/byone’scommand奉某人之命做某事beatone’scommand听某人吩咐bein/underthecommandofsb.由某人统率commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事易混辨异command/order/direct(1)command指权威方面正式下命令。(2)order是常用词,多用于“非正式的命令”。(3)direct意为“指导;指挥”,多指“权威性的指导”。活学活用(1)Thegeneralcommandedthattheregiment____unlesshe____thecommand.A.don’tattack;giveB.didn’tattack;willgaveC.shouldnotattack;wouldgiveD.notattack;gave

解析command表示“命令”后接从句时,从句中用“should+v.原形”的虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。在条件句中用一般时表示将来,故D项正确。D用command,order,direct的适当形式填空(2)Thefather_______hissontoleavethespot.(3)Thegeneral_____________hismentoattackthecity.(4)Doyouknowwho________thefilm?orderedcommandeddirectedAllformsofrecreation,suchascinemas,bowling,softball,concertsandothers,willbeprovidedfreeofchargebythecity.chargen.费用;价钱

v.控诉;收费;充电Thechargeforadmissionis$5foreach.入场费每位五美元。Howmuchdidhechargeyouforrepairingthebike?修自行车他收了你多少钱？归纳拓展atone’sowncharge(s)自费,用自己的钱freeofcharge免费inchargeof负责…in/underthechargeofsb.(in/underone’scharge)由某人负责;由某人照料(管理)have(the)chargeof负责/主管…takechargeof负责/看管…bringachargeofsth.againstsb.指控某人犯……罪chargesb.withsth.因某事控告某人易混辨异(1)charge/accuse二者都含有“控告;谴责”的意思。①charge指“因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉”,和介词with搭配使用。②accuse指“当面指控或指责,不一定诉诸法庭”,和介词of搭配使用。(2)charge/cost/expense①charge指某种服务或行政上的“收费,征费”。②cost指的是为某种目的的“支出性的、投资性的、成本性的”费用。③expense指的是各种可能的“开支,消费”,常用复数形式。

活学活用—CanIhelpyou?—I’dlikearoomwithabath.Howmuchdoyou____?offerB.affordC.spareD.charge解析根据句意知是“收多少钱”,故用charge。DDistancesurgerywillbecomecommonasdoctorscarryoutoperationsfromthousandsofmilesaway,witheachcityhavingitsowntelesurgeryoutpatientclinic.

carryout实施；落实；进行

Hecarriedouthispromisetogiveupsmoking.Testshavebeencarriedoutonthepatient.活学活用（2010浙江）Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexerciseif_____regularlycanimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析：本句的句子的主语是theexperiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干事：properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth,if_____regularly是插入的条件从句，从句的主语是properamountsofexercise，此时应用it代替前面提到的主语，条件句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且含有is，故省略了itis，完整形式是：ifitiscarriedout。句意为：这项实验表明，适当的运动，如果有规律的进行，能够有助于我们的身体健。

witheachcityhavingitsowntelesurgeryoutpatientclinic是一个独立结构，其形式为:with+名词/代词+现在分词短语。请看以下例句：with的复合结构：Hefeltsafewithhismumstandingbehindhim.Hewenttothelibrarywithhishomeworkfinished.Withalotofhomeworktodo,heisn’tfree.Heisusedtosleepingwiththewindowsopen.HelikesreadingwithhisMP3on.Hewentoutwithastickinhishand.with+n.+-edwith+n.+doingwith+n.+todowith+n.+adj.with+n.+adv.with+n.+prep.Seniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbeabletogoanywhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.

attachvt.系;贴;连接vi.附着,附属;相连;相伴

attachedtotheirhead是过去分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句which/thatareattachedtotheirhead。归纳拓展attachedadj.(作表语)依恋的;附属于attachmentn.附属;依恋;附件,附属物attachsth.tosth.把……附在……上,把……固定到……attachoneselftosb.和……在一起,缠着beattachedtosb./sth.依恋,留恋某人(某事物);隶属于活学活用Thecompanyalways_____greatimportancetothequalityoftheirproducts.That’swhythereisalwaysasteadyincreaseinsalesyearbyyear.putsB.attachesC.makesD.plays解析由句意知，此处指“把……和……联系起来”,故用attach...to...。BI’mtoobusyenjoyingmylifenowtoworryaboutthefuture!句式分析本句是“too...todosth.”句式,表示“太……而不能做某事”,是一个表示否定意义的句型。It’stoogoodanopportunitytomiss.这真是一个很好的机会,不能错过。归纳拓展当too...to...句型同never,not等词连用时,表示肯定的含义,意为“无论……也不为过分”。Wearenevertoooldtolearn.我们应活到老学到老。Frenchisnottoodifficultforustolearn.对我们来说，法语并不太难学。活学活用—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?—Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe____carefulwiththat.enoughB.tooC.soD.very解析考查句式“无论……也不为过”。BNotallpredictionscometrue.句式分析本句是部分否定句式。Notallthestudentswenttothemovies.=Somestudentsdidnotgotothemovies.不是所有的学生都去看电影了。如果全部否定应该用none。Noneofthestudentswenttothemovies.没有一个学生去看电影。

归纳拓展部分否定与全部否定的惯用语对照如下:部分否定全部否定两者both...not/not...both(并非两者都)neither/not...either(两者都不)Bothofthesistersarenothere.并非两姊妹都在这里。Neitherofthesistersishere.两姊妹都不在这里。两者以上all...not/not...all(=some)(并非所有……都)every...not/not...Every(=some,few)(并非每一个……都)thewhole...not/not...thewhole(并非全部)not...any/none(没有一个)noone/nobody(没有人)nothing(没有任何事物)Idon’tknowallofthem.他们我不全认识。Idon’tknowanyofthem.他们我全不认识。活学活用Theycontinuedhandingoutthefoodtothenativesuntiltherewas_____left.A.nothingB.noneC.nooneD.noany解析由句子知是“没有一个剩下”,故用表示全部否定的none。

BBytheyear2000,housewiveswillprobablyhavearobotshapedlikeaboxwithonelargeeyeonthetop,... shapen.形状,外形;体形

vt.塑造;形成;发育发展ItwastheGreekswhoshapedthethinkingofWesternmen.Shewaswearingapinintheshapeofabird.Thisislandistriangularinshape.归纳拓展inshape在形状上beinbadshape情况处于混乱状态;健康状况不佳beingoodshape处于良好状态;健康情况良好outofshape变(走)样;不成样子;身体不舒服,生病intheshapeof以……的形状(形式);作为inanyshape任何形式keepsth.inshape使……保持原形taketheshapeof呈……形状;以……形式出现o...把……加工成/塑造成……活学活用Thereisapaperfloweronthedesk____likeapigeon.A.shapingB.shapedC.havingshapedD.beingshaped解析分析句子知shape和flower之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动。B

Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they___theirsalesby20percent.(全国Ⅱ高考)A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasingC.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasing

解析句意为:如果他们的市场运作计划成功,那么他们的销售将会增加百分之二十。条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来,主句必须用一般将来时。A—I’mstillworkingonmyproject.—Oh,you’llmissthedeadline.Timeis___.(江苏高考)A.runningoutB.goingoutC.givingoutD.losingout

解析runout(时间、金钱等的)耗尽;giveout用完;耗尽(强调实物);停止运行;停止运转。由句意可知,A项正确。A

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