第五章水轮机调速器及调节系统现场调试运行维护

水轮机调速器与调节系统HydraulicTurbine

Governor

andRegulatingSystem

5

武汉大学蔡维由

WuhanUniversity

CaiWeiyou25水轮机微机调速器及调节系统的现场调试

SiteAdjustmentofTurbineputer-basedGovernorandRegulatingSystem5.1微机调速器现场调试概述OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.2微机调速器的整机静态调试IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.3微机调速器调节系统动态特性试验DynamicProfileTestofputer-basedGoverningSystem5.4微机调速器运行维护（第五章第二部分）OperationandMaintenanceofputer-basedGovernor35.1微机调速器现场调试概述

OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor微机调速器在现场安装或者机组大修后均要进行必要的调整试验，以便了解调速器各个环节（单元）工作是否正常，调节参数整定是否合理，以便保证机组安全、可靠运行，并使调节系统具有良好的动态和静态品质指标。puter-basedgovernormustgothroughnecessaryadjustmenttestaftersiteinstallationoroverhaulofgeneratorsettoseewhethereachelement(unit)ofgovernorfunctionsproperlyandwhethersettingofadjustmentparametersisreasonablesoastoensuregeneratorsetoperatessafelyandreliablyandadjustmentsystemboastsgooddynamicandstaticqualityindicators.不同型式的微机调器，其现场调试方法和具体内容也许有所差异，但从主要方面和基本内容来看大致相同，下面先就一般微机调速器现场调试主要内容作一概括介绍，再结合水电站调速器的现场调试作具体说明。Methodsanddetailsofsiteadjustmentvarywithdifferentputer-basedgovernors,butarebasicallythesameinviewofmajoraspectsandbasicitems.Thefollowingtakesmajoritemsinvolvedinsiteadjustmentofordinaryputer-basedgovernorforoverallintroductionandintegratessiteadjustmentofgovernorusedatHydropowerStationforspecificdescription.4

5.1.1

整机静态调整及检查IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection

5.1.2静态特性调试AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic

5.1.3动态特性调试AdjustmentofDynamicCharacteristic5.1微机调速器现场调试概述

OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.1

微机调速器现场调试概述55.1.1整机静态调整及检查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection整机静态调整及检查是调速器现场安装（或检修）中必须进行的调试项目，一般应根据具体微机调调试大纲进行，但就普遍性而言，主要包括如下方面：Integratedstaticadjustmentandinspectionarecompulsoryadjustmentitemsforsiteinstallation(oroverhaul)ofgovernor,whichnormallyshallobservespecificadjustmentoutlineforputer-basedgovernorandmainlyinvolvesfollowingaspectsingeneral:（1）工作电源检查（1）InspectionofWorkingPowerSupply检查工作电源（含微机调开关电源）在输入交流电源或直流电源电压变化-15%～10%额定电压时，输出稳定度是否能保证微机调速器正常工作。Inspectwhetheroutputstabilityofworkingpowersupply(includingswitchingpowersupplyofputer-basedgovernor)wheninputwithACpowersupplyorDCpowersupplywith-15%-10%variationofratedvoltagemayguaranteeproperoperationofputer-basedgovernor.（2）机械液压系统的调试（2）AdjustmentofMechanical-hydraulicSystem不同伺服系统的微机调速器，其机械液压系统可能有很大差别，但具体上机械液压系统调试主要是保证在机械手动控制时，能控制机组启动、停机，能在接力器全行程范围内控制导叶全关、全开，并能保证接力器在各个开度下能稳定运行。以及在自动状态下，运行稳定，调节正确。65.1.1整机静态调整及检查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection具体可参考各水轮机微机调速器的调试大纲（或行业标准“水轮机电液调节系统及装置调整试验导则”）。Mechanical-hydraulicsystemofputer-basedgovernorwithdifferentservosystemmaysubstantiallyvarybutadjustmentofmechanical-hydraulicsystemgenerallyaimstomakesureitcancontrolstart-upandshut-downofgeneratorsettogetherwithopeningandclosingofguidevanethroughoutthestrokeofservomotorandensureservomotoroperatesstablywithallopeningsinmechanicallymanualcontrolstate,aswellasfeaturestableoperationandcorrectadjustmentinautomaticstate.Refertoadjustmentoutlineforeachturbineputer-basedgovernor(orindustrialstandard“guidelineforadjustmentofturbineelectrical-hydraulicadjustmentsystemanddevice”)fordetails.（3）人机界面检查InspectionofputerInterface着重检查人机界面有关功能是否正常，机组运行状态是否指示正确（如开机、停机、发电、调相等），Inspectionisfocusedonwhetherfunctionsofputerinterfaceareproper,whetherindicationofgeneratorsetoperationstatusiscorrect(suchasstart-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),75.1.1整机静态调整及检查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection调速器调节模式指示是否正确，以及各种故障信号能否正确发出相应故障报警信号等。start-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),whetherindicationofgovernoradjustmentmodeiscorrect,whethervarioustroublesignalscangivecorrespondingtroublealarmsignalsandsoforth.（4）调速器工作状态模拟AnalogofGovernorOperationStatus调速器工作状态模拟主要是检查各种控制信号是否正确接至调速器，以及调速器是否能正确动作。这些模拟包括开机、停机、并网、增减负荷、工作模式切换、紧急停机及故障模拟等，以检查微机调速器应用软件工作是否正确，以及机械液压系统各机械液压元件动作是否正常。Analogofgovernoroperationstatusmainlyinspectswhethervariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernorandwhethergovernorcanoperateproperly,involvingstart-up,shut-down,on-grid,loadincrease&decrease,switchingofoperationmode,emergencyshut-down,troubleanalogandetc.inordertoinspectwhetherapplicationsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorfunctionscorrectlyandwhetherallmechanical-hydraulicelementsofmechanical-hydraulicsystemoperateproperly.85.1.2静态特性调试

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic

静态特性调试主要包括如下内容：AdjustmentofstaticCharacteristicmainlyinvolvesfollowingitems:（1）测频环节静特性检查InspectionofStaticCharacteristicofFrequencyMeasuringElement

用频率信号发生器产生的频率信号输入调速器的测频输入端，变更频率信号发生器输出的频率，检查微机调速器人机界面上的频率显示，检查是否一致，以便确定测频环节是否工作正常。Inputfrequencysignalgeneratedbyfrequencysignalgeneratortofrequencymeasuringinputterminalofgovernorandchangefrequencyoutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratortoinspectwhetherfrequencyindicationonputerinterfaceofputer-basedgovernorisconsistentsoastodeterminewhetherfrequencymeasuringelementfunctionsproperly.95.1.2静态特性调试

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic（2）伺服系统静态特性试验StaticCharacteristicTestofServoSystem对不同的伺服系统用不同的输入信号，检测其在不同输入信号下，接力器输出稳态值，记录输入、输出信号并绘制伺服系统静态特性曲线，并可算出伺服系统的死区大小（对不同伺服系统的微机调可按其调试大纲检查其伺服系统）。Applydifferentinputsignalstodifferentservosystemstomeasuresteady-statevalueoutputbyservomotorwithdifferentinputsignals,recordinputandoutputsignalsanddrawstaticcharacteristiccurveofservosystem,accordingtowhichsizeofdeadzoneofservosystemiscalculated(forputer-basedgovernorwithdifferentservosystem,itsservosystemmaybeinspectedaccordingtoitsadjustmentoutline.)105.1.2静态特性调试

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic（3）调速器整机静态特性测试IntegratedStaticCharacteristicTestofGovernor调速器整机静态特性试验是调速器现场调试中最重要的静态特性试验。它主要用于实测调速器实际的转速死区，接力器不准确度，并校核实际的bp值。Integratedstaticprofiletestofgovernoristhemostimportantstaticcharacteristictestinsiteadjustmentofgovernor,mainlyusedtopracticallymeasureactualrotaryspeeddeadzoneofgovernorandinaccuracyofservomotoraswellasverifyactualbpvalue.通常以蜗壳无水情况下，用频率信号发生器输出的频率信号代替机组频率，实测一定bp值下，调速器接力器的行程，以得到机组频率与接力器行程的关系特性曲线。借以评价调速器的静态品质指标。有的微机调速器自带有静态特性试验软件，则可以用该软件来测试调速器整机静态特性。Generally,frequencysignaloutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratorwithspiralcasefreefromwaterisusedtosubstitutegeneratorsetfrequencyforpracticalmeasurementofstrokeofgovernorservomotorwithcertainbpvaluetoobtainrelationshipcharacteristiccurvebetweengeneratorsetfrequencyandservomotorstrokesoastoevaluatestaticqualityindicatorsofgovernor.Forsomeputer-basedgovernorbuiltinwithstaticcharacteristictestsoftware,thesoftwareisusedtotestintegratedstaticcharacteristicofgovernor.115.1.3动态特性调试

AdjustmentofDynamicCharacteristic动态特性调试包括调速器部分环节的动态特性试验和整个水轮机调节系统的动态特性试验。AdjustmentofdynamicCharacteristicconsistsofdynamicCharacteristictestofpartgovernorelementsanddynamicprofiletestoftheentireturbineadjustmentsystem.主要包括PID调节器动态特性测试，随动系统动态特性测试（对伺服系统属于这种类型的微机调速器），单机空载稳定性试验，突变负荷试验，甩负荷试验，有调频任务的机组，还要做调频试验。通过这些动态特性试验，以便评价水轮机调速器及水轮机调节系统的动态品质。MainlyinvolvingdynamicprofiletestofPIDregulator,dynamicCharacteristictestofservosystem(forputer-basedgovernorwithsuchservosystem),stabilitytestonsinglegeneratorwithoutload,testonsuddenloadvariation,testonloadrejectionandtestonfrequencymodulationforgeneratorsetwithfrequencymodulationtask.SuchdynamicCharacteristictestsarecarriedouttoevaluatedynamicqualityofturbinegovernorandturbineadjustmentsystemdynamicperformance。125.2.1微机调速器伺服系统（机械液压系统）的现场组装调试SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)

5.2.2整机静态调试IntegratedStaticAdjustment5.2.3微机调速器的整机静态调整IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.2微机调速器的整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor135.2.1微机调速器伺服系统（机械液压系统）的现场组装调试

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServo

System(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)(1)

组装及检查

AssemblyandInspection1）新装机组或机组大修时，必须对调速器机械液压系统有关零部件先用汽油或煤油清洗干净。特别是液压集成块、主配压阀的阀盖及其它有内部油管道的零部件，都要用压缩空气吹净管内杂质，并用煤油反复冲洗，再用汽轮机油清洗干净。1)Partsrelevanttomechanical-hydraulicsystemofgovernormustbecleanedwithgasolineorkerosenebeforeassemblyofnewgeneratorsetoroverhaulofgeneratorset,especiallyhydraulicintegrationblock,valvecoverofmainpressuredistributionvalveandotherpartswithoilpipelinesatinsidethatshallbeblownwithcompressedairtoremoveimpuritiesinsidethepipe,washedrepeatedlywithkeroseneandcleanedwithsteamturbineoil.145.2.1微机调速器伺服系统（机械液压系统）的现场组装调试

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServo

System(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)2）检查所有零部件装配是否符合相关设计图纸的技术要求，各处“O”型密封垫是否漏装或碰伤。尤其要注意主配压阀的上、下高压耐油石棉橡胶垫等是否装正，同时要用锥销或定位螺钉精确定位。Inspectwhetherallpartsareassembledincompliancewithtechnicalrequirementsofrelevantdesigndrawings,whether“O”sealinggasketismissedordamaged,especiallypayattentiontoinspectwhetherupperandlowerhigh-pressureoil-resistantasbestosrubbergasketsofmainpressuredistributionvalvearewellassembled,andusetaperpinorlocatingscrewtolocateprecisely.3）主配压阀活塞、引导阀针塞任意旋转一个角度，均能靠自重在各自的阀体或衬套内自行缓缓下滑，清洗装配中应注意不得碰伤阀盘的棱角，更不得随意修磨。Bothpistonofmainpressuredistributionvalveandneedleplugofguidevalveshallbeabletoslowlyglideintheirrespectivevalvebodiesorsleevesbyselfweightwhenrotatedbyanyangle.Payattentionnottodamagecornerangleofvalvediskduringcleaningandassemblyanddonotgrindatwill.155.2.1微机调速器伺服系统（机械液压系统）的现场组装调试

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem

(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)4）对于比例阀、数字球阀伺服系统的微机调速器，这些阀组装配后均必须动作灵活，位置正确；Fortheproportionalvalve,digitalvalveservosystemputergovernor,afterthevalveassemblymustbeflexiblemovementinthecorrectposition;5)对电机伺服系统和步进电机伺服系统的微机调速器，电机操作机构等部件装配后均必须动作灵活，不得有卡阻现象，所有滑动配合面均应上一层黄油。Partssuchasmotoroperationmechanismofputer-basedgovernorwithmotorservosystemandsteppingmotorservosystemmustoperateflexiblywithoutblockingafterassemblyandallslidingfittingsurfacesmustbeappliedwithalayerofgrease.6）在调速器设计的额定工作油压下，所有密封面均不允许有漏油或渗油。Oilleakageoroilimpregnationisnotallowedforallsealingfaceswhengovernorisatdesignratedworkingoilpressure.165.2.1微机调速器伺服系统（机械液压系统）的现场组装调试

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem

(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)(2)零位调整AdjusttheBalance

Position

对于有引导阀的伺服系统，将开关机调整螺栓先调至主配压阀最大行程位置，再开启油压装置的总供油阀，使调速器各液压部件充油，然后调整引导阀于中间位置（也就是主配压阀在中间位置），使接力器能在任何位置稳住为止（可操作开限机构手轮或手动控制手轮，使接力器开或关）。Forservosystemwithguidevalve,firstadjuststart-up&shut-downadjustingbolttomaximumstrokepositionofmainpressuredistributionvalve,openmasteroilsupplyvalveofoilpressuredevicetochargeoiltoallhydraulicpartsofgovernorandthenadjustguidevalvetothemiddle(i.e.mainpressuredistributionvalveislocatedinthemiddle)sothatservomotorisstableatanypositions(youmayoperateopeninglimiterhandwheelormanualcontrolhandwheeltoopenorcloseservomotor).对于手动情况无反馈的系统，一般接力器在5分钟内的漂移小于1mm就可以了，因为这种情况是开环控制，不可能做到完全不动。Forsystemwithoutmanualfeedback,generallyitisjudgedcompliantifdeviationofservomotorin5minutesislessthan1mmasinthiscase,itisunderopen-loopcontrolsothatcompleteimmobilityisimpossible.175.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment（1）电气接线及电源检查

InspectionofElectricalWiringandPowerSupply1）所有电缆是否按电气配线图正确连接，信号线是否采用屏蔽电缆，各端子插头连接是否牢固。Whetherallcablesarecorrectlyconnectedasperelectricalwiringdiagram,whethersignalwireemploysshieldcableandwhethereachterminalplugissecurelyconnected.

2）检查电气柜是否安全接地，通常可用铜导体（30～35mm宽）将电气柜体可靠接地，这对防护人身安全和减小电流噪音都是非常重要的。Inspectwhetherelectricalcabinetissafelygrounded,generallygroundedreliablyby(30-35mmwide)copperconductor,whichiscriticallyimportanttoprotectionofpersonalsafetyandreductionofcurrentnoise.

3）检查输入电源（AC220V和DC220V）的电压及极性是否正确；检查交流、直流分别供电和同时供电时，开关电源输出电平是否正确。Inspectwhethervoltageandpolarityofinputpowersupply(AC220VandDC220V)arecorrect;inspectwhetheroutputlevelofswitchingpowersupplyiscorrectwhensuppliedseparatelywithalternatingcurrentordirectcurrentandsuppliedwithbothcurrentatthesametime.

185.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment4）检查工作电源输入变化-15%～10%额定电压时，开关电源输出是否正常。Inspectwhetheroutputofswitchingpowersupplyisproperwheninputofworkingpowersupplyhasavariationof-15%-10%ratedvoltage.（2）反馈调整FeedbackAdjustment1）接力器反馈零点调整。将调速器切手动控制，使接力器全关，调整接力器反馈电平在50mV～100mV（或者为4mA）即可，并使接力器开度指示调为零。1)Forservomotorfeedbackzeroadjustmentofservomotorswitchgovernortomanualcontrol,fullycloseservomotor,adjustfeedbacklevelofservomotorto50mV-100mV(or4mA)andsetindicationofservomotoropeningtozero.2）手动将接力器开到全开，调整反馈传感器（有的微机调速器要调整综合放大器中的反馈电路），使反馈电平在9.8V～10V（或者为20mA）之间，并将导叶开度指示设定为100%。2)Fullyopenservomotorbyhand,adjustfeedbacksensor(forsomeputer-basedgovernors,adjustalsofeedbackcircuitinintegrationamplifier)tomakefeedbacklevelbe9.8V-10V(or20mA)andsetindicationofguidevaneopeningto100%.195.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment3）将接力器全关至全开操作几次，检查零点和全开值是否改变。若改变超过范围，应重新调整，直到满足要求为止。Fullyopenandcloseservomotorforseveraltimestoinspectwhetherthereischangeinzeropointandfull-openingvalueandifchangeexceedstherange,readjusttotheextentofcompliance.如果是双重调节调速器，桨叶(折向器)反馈调整方法同导叶(喷针)。Fordual-adjustmentgovernor,adjustmentmethodofbladeisthesameasthatofguidevane.对于电机伺服系统和步进电机伺服系统的微机调速器，伺服电机或步进电机的反馈应视其构成的电液转换元件的具体型式，按生产厂家产品调试大纲进行调整。同时，调整好伺服电机或步进电机的驱动电源（对于有定位模块的伺服系统，还应整定好定位模块）。Forputer-basedgovernorwithmotorservosystemandsteppingmotorservosystem,feedbackofservomotororsteppingmotorshallbeadjustedaccordingtomanufacturer’sadjustmentoutlinesubjecttospecificmodelofelectrical-hydraulictransductionelement.Inaddition,welladjustdrivepowersupplyofservomotororsteppingmotor(forservosystemwithlocatingmodule).205.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment（3）接力器最短关闭时间或两段关闭时间调整AdjustShortestClosingTimeorTwo-segmentClosingTimeofServomotor

当电站过水系统的水流惯性时间常数不是很大时，通常接力器采用一段直线关闭规律。这种情况下，接力器最短关闭时间取决于电站调节保证计算，即按调节保证计算所得的接力器最短关闭时间来整定主配压阀活塞的关侧行程（或主配压阀开侧排油管节流孔大小），以控制主接力器最快关闭速度。

Whenflowinertiatimeconstantofwaterpassagesystemofpowerstationisnotlarge(i.e.),servomotorgenerallyemploystheruleofone-segmentlinearclosing.Inthiscase,shortestclosingtimeofservomotorisdependentonadjustmentguarantycalculationofpowerstation,namelypistonstrokeatclosingsideofmaindistributionvalveorthrottleholeofoildischargepipeatopeningsideofmaindistributionvalveissetaccordingtotheshortestclosingtimeobtainedfromadjustmentguarantycalculationtocontrolfastestclosingspeedofmainservomotor.215.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment具体方法是：先手动操作使接力器开到全开。然后使紧急停机电磁阀励磁动作，使接力器紧急关闭，此时可用秒表记录（或用计算机直接记录接力器行程）开度指示表从80％关至30％的时间，该时间的两倍就是接力器最短直线关闭时间。Detailedas:firstmanualoperatetofullyopenservomotor,thenemergentlystopexcitationoperationofelectromagneticvalvetoemergentlycloseservomotor,whenthetimeofopeningindicationgaugetoclosefrom80%to30%isrecordedwithstopwatchandtwicethetimeistheshortestlinearclosingtimeofservomotor.如果测得的与调节保证计算值相一致，则调整结束。如果不等，则应根据实测值与计算值进行比较，并重新整定好主配关侧行程（或开侧排油管节流孔）再试，直到满足要求为止。Adjustmentendswhenmeasuredvalueisconsistentwithcalculationvalueofadjustmentguarantee.Ifinconsistent,compareactuallymeasuredvaluewithcalculationvalueandresetstrokeatclosingsideofmaindistributionvalue(orthrottleholeofoildischargepipeatopeningside)foranotherattempttotheextentofrequirementfulfilled.

225.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment对于有两段关闭装置的调速器，应按厂家调试大纲调整好两段关闭时间。Forgovernorwithtwo-segmentclosingdevice,welladjustclosingtimeoftwosegmentsaccordingtomanufacturer’sadjustmentoutline.对于佩尔顿水轮机，接力器最短关闭时间要按调节保证计算要求，分别调整折向器接力器和喷针接力器的最短关闭时间。调整折向器接力器的最短关闭时间是保证甩全负荷时机组转速上升值不超过调保计算的转速上升限定值；调整喷针接力器的最短关闭时间是保证甩全负荷时机组压力钢管和配水环管的压力上升值不超过调保计算的压力上升限定值。ForPeltonturbine,theshortest

closetimeofservomotor

iscalculatedaccordingto

theadjustment

guaranteed

requirements,whichwereadjustedtheshortest

closetimeofdeflectorservomotorandneedleservomotor.AdjustingtheshortestclosetimeofdeflectorservomotorisguaranteedthatunitincreasespeeddoesnotexceedthespeedlimitriseWhenunloadingatfullload;AdjustingtheshortestclosetimeofneedleservomotorisguaranteedthatpressureofunitpenstockanddistributionmainsdoesnotexceedthepressurelimitriseWhenunloadingatfullload;235.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment具体调整是通过调整各相应的逻辑阀（或节流阀）的开口来整定最短关闭时间的。Specificadjustmentisachievedbyadjustingtherespectivelogicopeningofvalvetosettingtheshortestclosingtime.（4）人机界面检查InspectionofputerInterface1）检查人机界面各画面及相应功能是否正常，画面刷新及切换是否正确（如将频率信号发生器输出的频率信号代表机组频率送入调速器，检查人机界面中的频率指示是否一致；将接力器手动操作至某一开度，检查显示的接力器开度值是否正确等）。Inspectwhetherallscreensandrelevantfunctionsofputerinterfaceareproper,whetherscreenrefreshandswitchingarecorrect(forexampleinputfrequencysignaloutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratorrepresentinggeneratorsetfrequencyintogovernortoinspectwhetherfrequencyindicatedinputerinterfaceisconsistent;operateservomotormanuallytoanopeningtoinspectwhetherdisplayedservomotoropeningvalueiscorrect).245.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

2）检查机组运行状态是否能正确指示（如模拟开机、停机、发电、调相等），调速器调节模式设置及切换是否指示正确，以及各故障能否正确地发出相应的故障报警信号等。2)Inspectwhetheroperationstatusofgeneratorsetiscorrectlyindicated(suchasanalogofstart-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),whethersettingandswitchingofgovernoradjustmentmodearecorrectlyindicated,whethereverytroublecangivecorrectcorrespondingtroublealarmsignalandsoforth.255.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment(5)工作状态及故障模拟AnalogofOperationStatusandTrouble

工作状态模拟对微机调速器是非常必要的一种测试，它主要是用来检查各种控制信号是否正确接至调速器，以及调速器的相关控制软件（对微机调）是否工作正常，有关部件能否正确动作。故障模拟是检验微机调速器在有关故障情况下，容错功能是否能正常发挥作用，具体模拟主要包括如下内容：Operationstatusanalogisantestextremelynecessaryforputer-basedgovernor,mainlyusedtoinspectwhethervariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernor,whethercontrolsoftwarerelevanttogovernor(forputer-basedgovernor)functionsproperlyandwhetherrelevantpartsoperatecorrectly.Troubleanalogaimstoinspectwhetherfault-tolerantfunctioncanfunctionproperlyincaseputer-basedgovernorfails.Specifically,analogmainlyinvolvesfollowingitems:265.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment1）开机模拟Start-upanalog

由中控室（或现地）模拟发开机令，调速器电气开限（如果有机械开限则也包含机械开限）应开启至机组启动开度，接力器也开到启动开度。模拟机组升速，使机组转速升至90%，则电气开限应关回空载整定开度，接力器也关至空载整定开度。如果调速器动作正确，说明微机调速器开机控制软件基本工作正确。Whencentralcontrolroomsimulatestogiveopeningcommand,electricalopeninglimiter(includingalsomechanicalopeninglimiterifany)ofgovernorshallopentostart-upopeningofgeneratorsetandsodoes.Foranalogofgeneratorsetspeedincrease,whenspeedofgeneratorsetisincreasedto90%,electricalopeninglimitershallclosetono-loadsetopeningandsodoesservomotor.Correctfunctioningofgovernorindicatesstart-upcontrolsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorbasicallyfunctionsproperly.275.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

2）并网模拟On-gridanalog进一步模拟升高机组转速，使之达到额定转速，模拟机组发电机出口开关闭合，此时，电气开限应开至全开（或开至按水头计算的开度），如果有机械开限，则机械开限全开。这说明并网后控制正确。Whenfurthersimulatetoincreaserotaryspeedofgeneratorsettoratedrotaryspeedandsimulateclosingofswitchatgeneratoroutlet,electricalopeninglimitershallfullyopen(oropentotheopeningcalculatedaccordingtohydraulichead)andsodoesmechanicalopeninglimiterifany,whichindicateson-gridcontroliscorrect.3）增减负荷模拟Analogofloadincreaseanddecrease模拟增功率操作（可在中控室操作或机旁调速柜上操作），喷针接力器开度应增大；再模拟减功率操作，喷针接力器开度应减小。若动作正常，说明增减功率功能正常。Whensimulatepowerincreaseoperation(eitheroperateincentralcontrolroomorongoverningcabinetbesidethegenerator),openingofneedleservomotorshallincrease;whensimulatepowerdecreaseoperation,openingofneedleservomotorshalldecrease.Ifso,itindicatespowerincreaseanddecreasefunctionsareproper.285.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

4）停机模拟Shut-downanalog由中控室（或现地）模拟机组停机，调速器自动减功率给定，接力器开度减小至空载开度，再模拟跳发电机出口开关，开度限制应自动关至全关，接力器也应关至全关。Whencentralcontrolroomsimulatesshut-downofgeneratorset,governorshallautomaticallyreducepowersettingandopeningofservomotorshallreducetono-loadopening.Whensimulatetripofswitchatgeneratoroutlet,openinglimitershallautomaticallyclosecompletelyandthesodoesservomotor.5）紧急停机模拟Analogofemergencyshut-down模拟机组开机、并网带一定负荷，使接力器开到某一开度（大于空载开度），然后模拟机组事故，使事故继电器动作，则紧急停机电磁阀动作，开限关至全关，接力器也关到全关。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithcertainloadtoopenservomotortoanopening(largerthanno-loadopening)andthensimulategeneratorsetaccidenttoactuateaccidentrelay,emergencyshut-downelectromagneticvalveshalloperate,openinglimitershallclosecompletelyandsodoesservomotor.295.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment如果这些模拟均动作正常，则说明各种控制信号已正确接至调速器，微机调速器相关软件工作正确。Ifalltheseanalogsoperateproperly,itindicatesvariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernorandrelevantsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorfunctionsproperly.6）机频故障模拟Analogoffrequencytrouble模拟机组开机、并网带一定负荷，解除机频信号，模拟机频故障，则调速器故障显示画面中显示“机频故障”，而不同微机调则可能采用不同的容错措施（有的取网频作机频，保持原功率自动运行；有的则切为手动，保持原功率手动运行）。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithcertainload,releasefrequencysignalandsimulatefrequencytrouble,troubledisplayscreenofgovernorshallindicate“frequencytrouble”.Differentputer-basedgovernorsmayemploydifferentfault-tolerantmeasures(somemayoperateautomaticallybytakinggridfrequencyasitsfrequencyandmaintainingoriginalpower;somemayswitchtomanualmodeandoperatemanuallywithoriginalpower)305.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment对网频故障（开机过程）则通常把频率给定切至微机调速器的频率给定。Forgridfrequencytrouble,frequencysettingisgenerallyswitchedtothatofputer-basedgovernor.7）接力器反馈故障模拟AnalogofServomotorfeedbacktrouble模拟机组开机、并网带负荷。然后解除导叶反馈，模拟接力器反馈故障，则不同微机调速器可能采用不同的容错方式，有的调速器容错采用自动切手动运行，而对具有自复中的无油电液转换器的微机调速器，则此时电机失磁，无油电转复中，调速器故障显示画面中显示接力器反馈故障，接力器开度基本不变。恢复接力器反馈后，接力器应基本在原开度值。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithload,thenreleasefeedbackofServomotor,andsimulateServomotorfeedbacktrouble,differentputer-basedgovernorsmaytakedifferentfault-tolerantmeasures,wheresomegovernorsswitchautomaticallytomanualoperation,whileforputer-basedgovernorwithoil-freeelectrical-hydraulicconverterthatcanautomaticallyreturntothemiddle,motorlosesexcitation,oil-freeelectricrotorreturnstothemiddle,governortroubledisplayscreendisplaysServomotorfeedbacktroubleandservomotoropeningremainsunchanged.Servomotorshallkeepatoriginalopeningafterguidevanefeedbackisrestored.315.2.2整机静态调试

IntegratedStaticAdjustment有的微机调速器可能有更多的故障容错功能，可按其产品调试大纲进行故障模拟。故障模拟动作正确，说明微机调速器对应故障容错功能设计正确，相应软件工作正常。Someputer-basedgovernorsmayhavemoretroublefault-tolerantfunctions,ofwhichanalogissubjecttoitsproductadjustmentoutline.Correctoperationintroubleanalogindicatestroublefault-tolerantfunctionofputer-basedgovernoriscorre