现代大学英语(精读)第五册第一课资料

现代大学英语(精读)第五册第一课Teachingrequirements

1.Carefullyreadthe“GuidetoReading”togetabasicunderstandingofthebackgroundofDr.MartinLutherKing’sspeechWhereDoWeGoFromHere?2.ReadthewordandexpressionsprovidedonPage11thatwillfacilitatereading3.Previewthespeechitselfwiththehelpofthenotesprovidedbetweenpage12to154.LearnhowtocomprehendworksofEnglishliteratureforthislesson,afamousspeechbyafamousperson5.Learnhowtousesomerhetoricaldevicessuchasmetaphor,simile,antitheses,andparallelstructure6.Understandsomebiblicalallusionswiththehelpoftheoriginalversion7.Learntoparaphrasesomesentencesinthetext8.Dosometranslationworkasisrequired.BackgroundTextAnalysisRhetoricaldevicesBackground

MartinLutherKing,Jr.1929-19681960s’AmericaCivilrightsmovementCivilRightsMovementCounter-culturemovementTheFeministmovement(Women’sliberationmovement)SocialMovementsAnti-warmovementsTurbulenttimes1945-1960ManyAmericanmenworkhardtoachievetheirdreamsbelievedtheycouldprotectfamiliesencouragedtheirwivestostayathomewerelivingtheAmericanDreamsAfro-Americans,youngpeopleandwomenweredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.

WhatIsaSocialMovement?

asocialmovementisatypeofbehaviorinwhichalargenumberofparticipantsconsciouslyattempttochangeexistinginstitutionsandestablishaneworderoflife.Therearesomenecessaryparts:CausesoftheSocialMovements:NegroesintheSouthlivedinamiserablelifegoodsalaries,decentjobs,highschool,thelifeinthesegregatedSouthwasnottheAmericanwayoflifetheCivilRightsMovementMiddle-classwhitewomenwerenottreatedequally(inWorldWarII,goodjobandgoodpay,afterthewar,lessmoney,feweropportunitiestheWomen’sMovementManyyoungpeopleresentedtraditionalwhitemalevaluesAnti-WarMovementWhoworkedinthesocialmovementsCivilRightsoldermale,Negroleaders,blackandwhiteyoungmen,somewhiteprofessionalmenandwomen,somewhitehousewivesAnti-WarMovementyoungpeople,fewoldpeoplemanymiddle–classpeople,esp.women,lowerandmiddleclassblackAmericansWomen’smovementeducatedwomenofcolor,youngormiddle-agedwhitehousewivesandmothers,youngactivists.1.asocialbaseofpeoplewhocancommunicatewitheachotheraboutthesameproblemsuchasblackchurchmembersinthecivilrightsmovement.2.Amessageorideologythatnamesaproblemandshowshowtosolveit,nonviolentcivildisobedienceusedinsit-ins,women’srallies3.theabilitytospreadthemessageandgetmoresupportersConclusionRacismisstillaextremelysocial,politicalandeconomicproblemintheUS.In1973,theUSsignedaPeaceTreaty.Thewomen’smovementcontinuestogainmorerightsandopportunitiesforwomenThenumberofwomeninleadershipingovernmentandbusinesscooperationisstillverylow.Thesocialmovementsofthe1960shadastrongeffectonthewaypeoplethinkandact.,andcausedchangesinmanylaws.Anti-WarMovementVietnamwar,conflictinSoutheast,primarilyfoughtinSouthVietnambetweengovernmentforcesaidedbyUnitedStatesandguerrillaforcesaidedbyNorthVietnam.TheWarbegansoonafterTheGenevaConferencedividedVietnamat17°NoDemocraticRepublicofVietnam(NorthVietnam)andRepublicofVietnam(SouthVietnam).ItescalatedfromaVietnamesecivilwarintoalimitedinternationalconflictinwhichtheUnitedStateswasdeeplyinvolved,anddidnotend,despitepeaceagreementsin1973,untilNorthVietnam’ssuccessfuloffensivein1975resultedinSouthVietnam’scollapseandtheunificationofVietnambytheNorth.

Civilrightsmovement

(AfricanAmericancitizensinUS):Thecivilrightsmovementhasbeenalong,primarilynon-violentstruggletobringfullcivilrightsandequalityunderthelawtoprimarilyAfricanAmericancitizensinUS.Civilrightscanrefertothebasicrightsgivenorguaranteedbythegovernmentofanation.Wehavetherighttoprivacy,therighttovote,therighttopersonalfreedom,righttolifeandsoon.Thistermisoftenusedtorefertothestrugglebetween1955and1968toenddiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericanandtoendracialdiscriminationintheUSsouth.Thismovementtriestofightagainstwhitesupremacyandboostblackprideandcallforwomen’sliberation.Thecivilrightsmovementstillhasanimpactonthecourseofhistory,servingasanagentandasamodeloftherequestforhumanrights.CivilrightsmovementThepoliticalmovementduringthe1950'sand1960's,devotedtosecuringequalopportunityandtreatmentformembersofminoritygroups.Counter-cultureInthewakeofFreeSpeechMovementandtheNewLeft,thereappearedaphenomenonthathistorianscalledthecounter-culture.ThecounterculturerejectedcapitalismandotherAmericanprinciples.Theyhadmoralsdifferentfromthosetaughtbytheirparents.Somegroupsofyouthtriedtoconstructdifferentwaysoflife.Amongthemostwerethehippies.Theysoughtnewexperiencethroughdroppingout,anddrugtaking.Butitwasmusic,rockmusicinparticular,thatbecamethechiefvehicleforthecounterculturalassaultonthetraditionalAmericansociety.Thecountercultureexertedagreatinfluenceuponpeople’sattitudestowardssocialmorals,marriage,careerandsuccess.

CounterCultureRejected:capitalismandotherAmericanprinciplesMorals:differentsfromwhattheirparentstaughtthemRepresentatives:Hippies—lostgenerationGoal:happinissBehavior:longhair,strangeandcolorfulclothes,drugsdropoutofschool,evensociety,leftthecountrytoavoidthearmyItwasthebestoftime,itwastheworstoftime,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonoflight,itwastheseasonofdarkness,itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,

wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttotheotherway.

fromCharlesDickens,aTaleofTwoCities

TheWomen’smovementYoungactivistsinthecivilrightsandanti-warmovementsTheCivilRightsActin1964madediscriminationinemploymentbasedonraceorsexillegal,addingwomentothosegroupsnottobediscriminatedagainst.MartinLutherKing,Jr.

1929-1968BestKnownAs:

Civilrightshero:"Ihaveadream"Clergymanadvocatingsocialchangethroughnon-violentmeans.HiswritingsandpublicappearancesshapedtheAmericancivilrightsmovementofthe1950sand'60s.In1963(the100thanniversaryofAbrahamLincoln'sEmancipationProclamation),KingorganizedamarchonWashington,D.C.thatdrew200,000peopledemandingequalrightsforminorities.In1964KingwontheNobelPeacePrize,becomingatthetimetheyoungestrecipientever.HewasshottodeathbyJamesEarlRayin

1968whilevisitingMemphis,Tennessee.MartinLutherKing,Jr.,showngivinghis"Ihaveadream"speechinWashington,D.C.,in1963,wasoneofthegreatpublicspeakersofthelate20thcentury.LincolnMemorialIhaveadream

Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:"Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal."

IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,thesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.

Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.

Let’sappreciatethetextWheredowegofromhere?EqualrightsBlackpeople’scurrentsituationsWhattodoHowtodoStructure

HereWhattodoHowtodoSummaryConclusionParas.1-2Paras.3-15Paras.16-20Paras.21-25Paras.26-28Here(Paras.1-2)

Theblack’scurrentsituation60%HalfDouble1to3years1/2075%Housing;TheincomeUnemployedTherateofinfantmortalityInVietnamInelementaryschoolsAttendingcollegeMenialjobsTaxesandrepresentationWhatshouldblackpeopledo,ifyouweretheirleader?DignityandworthPoliticalpowerEconomicpowerWhattodo(Paras.3-15)Section1(paras.3-5)Section2(paras.6-9)Section3(paras.10-15)Section1(paras.3-5)AsserttheirdignityandworthWhy?How

?CulturalhomicidelanguagehistoryTheblackmustemancipatethemselvespsychologicallyandassertively.1.Thecrimehecommittedisa_____onhisrecord2Hisexpressionwas_____whenhetoldthemtheyhadlosttheirjobs.3.Takeoffthose_____clothesandletmewashthem.grimfoulblot

ParaphraseThejobofarousingmanhoodwithinapeoplethathavebeentaughtforsomanycenturiesthattheyarenobodyisnoteasy.(para.3)Itisnoeasyjobtoeducateapeoplewhohavebeentoldovercenturiesthattheywereinferiorandofnoimportancetoseethattheyarehumans,thesameasanyotherpeople.Psychologicalfreedom,afirmsenseofself-esteem,isthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.(para.5)Ifyoubreakthementalshacklesimposedonyoubywhitesupremacists,ifyoureallyrespectyourself,thinkingthatyouareaMan,equaltoanyoneelse,youwillbeabletotakepartinthestruggleagainstracialdiscrimination.TheNegrowillonlybefreewhenhereachesdowntotheinnerdepthsofhisownbeingandsignswiththepenandinkofassertivemanhoodhisownemancipationproclamation.(para.5)TheliberationofmindcanonlybeachievedbytheNegrohimself/herself.Onlywhenhe/sheisfullyconvincedthathe/sheisaMan/Womanandisnotinferiortoanyoneelse,canhe/shethrowoffthemanaclesofself-abnegationandbecomefree.Section2(paras.6-9)PowerThemisinterpretationofpowerandloveTherightinterpretationNothingbutabilitytoachievepurpose.Itisthestrengthrequiredtobringaboutsocial,politicalandeconomicchange.Examples.Loveisidentifiedwitharesignationofpower,andpowerwithadenialoflove.Powerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.Whatistheconnectionbetween“beingpreachersand“havingproblemswithpower”?(para.7)PreachersaresupposedtospreadGod’steaching,thatispeaceonearthandlove,thecommonconceptofpowerisforce,physicalforce.Sothesetwothingshavebeencontrastedaspolaropposite.Thisiswhypreachershaveproblemswithpower.CulturalinformationFriedrich

Nietzsche(1844-1900)

FriedrichNietzschewasaGermanphilosopherwhochallengedthefoundationsoftraditionalmoralityandChristianity.Hebelievedinlife,creativity,health,andtherealitiesoftheworldwelivein,ratherthanthosesituatedinaworldbeyond.Centraltohisphilosophyistheideaof"life-affirmation,"whichinvolvesanhonestquestioningofalldoctrineswhichdrainlife'senergies,howeversociallyprevalentthoseviewsmightbe.

Oftenreferredtoasoneofthefirst“existentialist”philosophers,Nietzschehasinspiredleadingfiguresinallwalksofculturallife,includingdancers,poets,novelists,painters,psychologists,philosophers,sociologistsandsocialrevolutionaries.Paraphrase

Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.(para.8)Powerinthebestformoffunctionisthecarryingoutofthedemandsofjusticewithloveandjusticeinthebestformoffunctionistheovercomingofeverythingstandinginthewayoflovewithpower.Howspecialisthestructure?Section3(paras.10-15)Dr.King’sproposalNegro’sguaranteedannualincomeAtthebeginningof20thcentury,howwouldAmericansthinkoftheproposal?WhydidDr.Kingproposethisprogram?Whatisthecontentoftheproposal?AdvantagesofworkHousingandeducationDiscriminationAhostofpositivepsychologicalchangesThedignityoftheindividualwillflourishPersonalconflictswilldiminishDiscussion

Whichonedoyouthinkthegovernmentshouldspendmoneyonaspriority?PovertyWarsSpaceprojects

Paraphrase

Atthattimeeconomicstatuswasconsideredthemeasureoftheindividual’sabilityandtalents.(para.10)Atthattime,thewaytoevaluatehowcapableandresourcefulapersonwastoseehowmuchmoneyhehadmade.…theabsenceofworldlygoodsindicatedawantofindustrioushabitsandmoralfiber.(para.10)Apersonwaspoorbecausehewaslazyandnothard-workingandlackedasenseofrightandwrong.Itisnottheworkofslavesdriventotheirtaskseitherbythetask,bythetaskmaster,orbyanimalnecessity.(para.12)Thiskindofworkcannotbedonebyslaveswhoworkbecausetheworkhastobedone,becausetheyareforcedtoworkbyslave-driversorbecausetheyneedtoworkinordertobefedandclothed.…whentheunjustmeasurementofhumanworthonthescaleofdollarsiseliminated.(para.14)…whentheunfairpracticeofjudginghumanvaluebytheamountofmoneyapersonhasisdoneawaywith.PracticeListentothefollowing,youwillheartheparagraph3times,trytofillintheblankswithproperwords,expressionsorsentences.The

①__________toignoretheNegro’scontributiontoAmericanlifeandtostriphimofhis②_______isasoldastheearliesthistorybooksand③______themorning’snewspaper.Toupsetthis④_____,thenegromustriseupwithan⑤_________ofhisownOlympianmanhood.AnymovementfortheNegro’sfreedomthat⑥_______thisnecessityisonlywaitingtobeburied.⑦__________________________.Psychologicalfreedom,afirmsenseof⑧_____isthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.NoLincolnian⑨___________orJohnsoniancivilrightsbillcantotallybringthiskindoffreedom.⑩__________________________.The①tendencytoignoretheNegro’scontributiontoAmericanlifeandtostriphimofhis②personhoodisasoldastheearliesthistorybooksand③

ascontemporaryasthemorning’snewspaper.Toupsetthis④culturalhomicide,thenegromustriseupwithan⑤affirmationofhisownOlympianmanhood.AnymovementfortheNegro’sfreedomthat⑥overlooksthisnecessityisonlywaitingtobeburied.⑦Aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.Psychologicalfreedom,

⑧asenseofself-esteemisthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.NoLincolnian⑨emancipationproclamationorJohnsoniancivilrightsbillcanbringthiskindoffreedom.⑩TheNegrowillonlybefreewhenhereachesdowntotheinnerdepthsofhisownbeingandsignsthepenandinkofassertivemanhoodhisownemancipationproclamation.Howtodo(paras.16-20)

Commitmenttonon-violenceandlove

HowdoesKingdescribethefightingintheriots?Thepeopletakingpartintheriotswerescreamingyoungstersandangryadults.Teenagersweremoreexpressiveandtheywerescreamingwhilefighting.Theadultsweremoremature,buttheirangerwasactuallystrongeranddeeper.Theirfighting,however,washopelessandaimless.Hopelessnessreferredtotheresult,thatis,violencewouldnotandcouldnotsolveanyproblem.Aimlessnessreferredtothefactthattheriotswerenotplanned.Theywerespontaneous;theparticipantsdidnothaveanycleargoal.Violencewasjustanexpressionofdesperation.NoconcretegainsThepowerstructurehasthelocalpolice,thestatetroopers,theNationalGuard,andthearmy,allofwhicharepredominantlywhite.Theviolentminorityhasnosympathyandsupportofthenonresistantmajority.riotsViolencecan’tsolveproblems.Loveisultimatelytheonlyanswertomankind’sproblems.nonviolenceCulturalInformationJohnoneof12ApostlesofJesusChristLoveispatient,loveiskind.Itdoesnotenvy,itdoesnotboast,itisnotproud.Itisnotrude,itisnotself-seeking,itisnoteasilyangered,itkeepsnorecordofwrongs.Lovedoesnotdelightinevilbutrejoiceswiththetruth.Italwaysprotects,alwaystrusts,alwayshopes,alwaysperseveres.Loveneverfails.

NewTestament(Corinthians13:4-8)ScriptureaboutloveinBibleKuKluxClan

CaptainJohnB.Kennedy,onthecommitteetoselectanamementionedonewhichhehadconsidered,“kukloi,”fromtheGreekword“kuklos”,meaningabandorcircle.JamesR.Crowesaid,“CallisKuKlux,”andnoonewillknowwhatitmeans.JohnC.Lestersaid:”AddklanasweareallScotch-Irishdescent.”Theywerehiddenbehindconic(圆锥）masksandwhiterobes.ThefirstKKKaroseintheturmoil[‘tə:mɔil]（焦虑）aftertheCivilWar.Itutilizedterrorism,violence,andlynching（处私刑）tointimidate（恐吓）andoppressAfricanAmericans,Jews,RomanCatholics,andotherracialandreligiousminorities.Paraphrase

HewhohatesdoesnotknowGod,buthewhohaslovehasthekeythatunlocksthedoortothemeaningofultimatereality.(para.20)ThosewhoharborhateintheirheartscannotgrasptheteachingsofGod.OnlythosewhohavelovecanenjoytheultimatehappinessinHeaven.Debate

NonviolenceisaneffectivewaytoovercomeoppressionandviolenceisNOT.Government

OppositionPrimeMinister3membersoftheGovernmentLeaderofOpposition3membersoftheoppositionHostSummary(paras.21-25)

RestructuringAmericansociety.

？RestructurethewholeofAmericansocietyThestoryofNicodemus(NewTestamentJohn3)/nɪkə’diːməs/TherewasamanofPhariseesnamedNicodemus,aruleroftheJews.ThismancametoJesusbynightandsaidtoHim,“Rabbi,weknowthatyouareateachercomefromGod;fornoonecandothesesignsthatyoudounlessGodiswithhim.”Jesusansweredandsaidtohim,“Mostassuredly,Isaytoyou,unlessoneisbornagain,hecannotseetheKingdomofGod.”WhymustAmericansocietyberestructured?America,likeNicodemus,hasvariousproblems,suchasracism,economicexploitation,andwar.Alltheevilsareinterrelated.BiblicalQuotationsinpara25

Godislove,peace,justice.MenarecreatedintheimageofGod.Manwaspeacefulwithanimalsatthebeginning.However,thepeacefulrelationshipwasbrokenwhilemancommittedsins.Paraphrase

LetusbedissatisfieduntilAmericawillnolongerhaveahighbloodpressureofcreedsandananemiaofdeeds.(para.25)LetusbedissatisfieduntilAmericanolongeronlytalkaboutracialequalitybutisunwillingorreluctanttotakeactiontoendsuchevilpracticeasracialdiscrimination.Conclusion(paras.26-28)

WeshallovercomeFourstanzasinpara26WhatisthemainideaofthequotedpoemofJohnson’s?ThefourstanzasdescribehowtheblackswerebroughtovertoAmericaandthepassagewasapassageoftearsandblood.Todaytheblacksbegintoseethefirstlightofbrightfuture.HowdidDr.Kingendhisspeech?Dr.Kingendshisspeechwithanoteofoptimismandconfidencebutthisoptimismisnotstrong.RhetoricdevicesMetaphorsAntithesesParallelstructuresPara5;14;20;21;25;27;28Para5;7;19;25;27Para8;18;19;25Paradox

Para18;27BiblicalallusionPara27metaphorthelongnightofphysicalslaverysignswiththepenandinkofassertivemanhoodhisownemancipationproclamationPara.5Para.20WhentheunjustmeasurementofhumanworthonthescaleofdollarsiseliminatedPara.14Para.21HewhohaslovehasthekeythatunlocksthedoortothemeaningofultimaterealityThediscouragedbeggarinlife’smarketMetaphor(cont.)ThebatteringramsoftheforcesofjusticeThejunkheapsofhistoryJusticewillrolldownlikewatersandrighteousnesslikeamightystreamPara.25Para.27Low-hoveringcloudsofdespairGiganticmountainsofevilTherewillberockyplacesoffrustrationandmeanderingpointsofbewilderment.Therewillbethosemomentswhenthebuoyancyofhopewillbetransformedintofatigueofdespair.Para.26AntithesesPara.5Aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.

Para.7Para.19Loveisidentifieswitharesignationofpower,andpowerwithadenialofloveYoumaymurderamurdererbutyoucan’tmurdermurder.Antithesisoutercityvs.innercity;(economicandpsychological)onthebasisofthecontentoftheircharacter

vs.onthebasisoftheircolorofskindarkyesterdayvs.brighttomorrow…

Para.25Para.27Para.28Buoyancyofhopevs.fatigueofdespairexamplesAndso,myfellowAmericans,asknot,whatyourcountrycandoforyou.Askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.Youdoyourworst—andwewilldoourbest.Toerrishuman,toforgivedivine.paradox

tomakeawayoutofnowayPara.27Para.18

Withoutrealizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.Paradoxisastatementthatappearstobelogicallycontradictoryandyetmaybetrue,thepurposeofwhichistoprovokefreshthought,foremphasisandstylisticeffects.Examples自相矛盾的人或事[C]

Itisaparadoxthatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

在这么一个富有的国家中竟有这么多穷人,真是咄咄怪事。似非而可能正确的议论“Morehaste,lessspeed”isaparadox.

“欲速则不达”是似非而是的隽语。

Examples:Thechildisfathertotheman.儿童是成人之父，这句话引自意大利儿童教育家玛利亚-蒙台梭利的《幼儿教育方法》一书Cowardsdiemanytimesbeforetheirdeath;thevaliantnevertasteofdeathbutonce胆小鬼在他们死前就已经死过很多次了;勇敢的人只能体会到一次死亡Biblicalallusionwhenthelionandlambshouldliedowntogether,everymanwillsitunderhisownwineandfigtreeLion,lamb,liealliterationSafeandsoundWordsandexpressionsPara.1.

Inproportionto

Thisdoorisnarrowinproportiontoitsheight.Lifeshrinksorexpandsinproportion

toone’scourage.1.StudiesshowthatoneoutoffiveAmericanfamiliesmoveseveryyear.2.Ofthewholeclass,70%are“fans”.3.Ofallthenicequalities,hehastwice/halfthoseofmine.4.Of

allthefacilitiesoncampus,thelessprivilegedstudentsuseaverysmallproportion.

5.Thelifeexpectanceofmodernpeopleisdoublethatof

thepeople2000yearsago.Otherexpressionsrelatedto“proportion”Permsof1.Asmeasuredorindicatedby;inunitsof:用…衡量或表示；用…的措辞2.Inrelationto;withreferenceto:根据：按照；就…而言：Britainranks18th

intheworldintermsofpopulationsize.Distancesmaybeexpressedintermsofkilometersaswellasmiles;Thisischeapentertainment,butcostlyintermsoftimewasted.Thefirst-personnarrationisinevitablylimitedandmayevenbebiasedintermsofperspectivesandobservations.Para.4.Despise:Lookdownupon,distain,scorn,contempt(n.)Adore,abhor(para.9)Para.5.Strip…of(para.6)Remove,deprive…of,getridof,Confine…to:Statusquo:

Theexistingconditionorstateofaffairs.Subjectto（使服从，使遭受，有······倾向，受制于······）Allcitizensinthisnationaresubjecttothelaw.Thescheduleissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.achildwhoissubjecttocolds.adirectivet