高考英语阅读理解 七选五解题技巧 课件

阅读理解七选五解题技巧(上)要点二、命题原则三、解题技巧一、考查意图《高考英语考试说明》:此题型旨在考查“考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”一、考查意图1.篇幅长度：语篇总词数计300词左右。其中，文章250词左右，7个选项50词左右。二、命题原则2.体裁—主要为说明文。2019年全国新课标卷3建立健康有益的互动交流2019年全国新课标卷II激发动力的方法2019年全国新课标卷I新鲜空气对健康的益处2018年全国新课标卷3舞蹈的力量说明文说明文说明文说明文2.体裁—主要为说明文。2018年全国新课标卷II晨练给人们带来的好处2018年全国新课标卷I颜色在家居设计中的作用2017年全国新课标卷3保持好的生活作息2017年全国新课标卷II工作时如何不被打断说明文说明文说明文说明文2.体裁—主要为说明文。2017年全国新课标卷I对野外宿营态度的转变2016年全国新课标卷3吃鱼对人的好处以及挑选鱼和做鱼的方法2016年全国新课标卷IIAgardenthat'sjustrightforyou2016年全国新课标卷ISecretcodes在生活中的作用及密码学的三种基本类型记叙文说明文说明文说明文2.体裁—主要为说明文。2015年全国新课标卷II介绍如何准备跑马拉松2015年全国新课标卷IBuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgain2014年全国新课标卷IITipsforCookingonaTightSchedule2014年全国新课标卷I父母如何帮助孩子培养从事未来工作的能力和潜质说明文说明文说明文说明文3.考点：

主旨概括句(文章整体或段落内容)

过渡性句子（文章结构）

细节句（上下文逻辑意义）三、解题技巧看设空位置段首段中段尾读全文→→找联系思逻辑析选项设空位置：2019全国I------段首:2;段中:32019全国II------段首:1;段中:42019全国3------段首:1;段中:3;段尾:12018全国I------段首:1;段中:3;段尾:12018全国II------段首:2;段中:2;段尾:12018全国3------段首:2;段中:2;段尾:12017全国I------段首:2;段中:2;段尾:12017全国II------段首:1;段中:42017全国3------段首:1;段中:3;段尾:1建议三步曲做“七选五”第一步：先做段首、段尾题，缩小排查范围第二步：剩余选项细排查，利用句间关系来判定第三步：代入选项通读原文，句意畅通来验证1.段首：主旨概括句（段落小标题、主题句）承上启下句（连贯上段和本段的内容）主旨概括句是指概括文章主题的句子,或者统领某一段落的句子。做此类题要注意两个方面:1.全文主旨句。注意文章的首段与结尾段,尤其是文章的首段及结尾段的末句,因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式在英语中很常见。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在,如果它不是主题句,可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式,如两者均不是,则在文章的其他段落寻找主题句,但仍然不能忽略首段与末段的提示作用。2.段落主旨句。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落,各段落会依据文章的主题展开,对文章主题的不同方面进行阐述。找出各段的关键词,明确其大意,就容易确定一个段落的主旨句。承上启下过渡性语句的考查主要是从文章结构的角度出题,在文中起到承上启下的行文作用。做此类题需要注意文章的结构,有“总—分—总”结构,也有“分—分—总”结构。无论什么样的结构,都需要联结文章的过渡性语句。过渡句通常对上面的内容进行总结,或者以问句的方式或祈使句的方式引出下文。所以,在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容。例如：2015年全国新课标1卷●

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Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.● 39Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.●Youdidn’tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,……A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.AC段首时：关注本段中心词紧扣下文2.段尾：总结概括句（总结本段内容，常含总结性词语）

承上启下句（连贯本段和下段的内容）

例如：2014年全国新课标卷IIThinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthereisnothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaboutofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsready?__37__A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.G段尾时：内容关联概括贴切A.Makechoicethatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.（活学活用：2014北京）EvaluatingSources(来源)ofhealthInformation

Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthyinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinions,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71Gototheoriginalsource.......Watchformisleadinglanguage.......Useyourcommonsense.......75Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.......GA3.段中：少有过渡句；细节句居多；

1)句式结构

2)

“代词”的指代推理

3)瞻前顾后，抓细节关键词

4)衔接过渡词难点技巧Tips

for

Cooking

on

a

Tight

ScheduleFrommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime.

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MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:

A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.过渡句B

1)句式结构排比;反问;对比;并列的祈使句…细节句1)句式结构例如：2015年全国新课标2卷

Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.

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,itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.39.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.......介词+时间单位A.AftersixdaysB.ForagoodmarathonrunnerC.BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile均为时间状语ADtip：分析句型,了解语法构成当我们了解了文章大意后,要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要,它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围。比如,有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号,后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分,很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子,这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项,从而缩小选择范围。1.Thinkahead.......2.Makeyourtimeworthit.......3.

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Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,moreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.

A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.A活学活用：Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.

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Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!

A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.本文是一篇议论文。作者对日程紧张的情况下如何做烹调提出了一些建议。F活学活用：

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

2)

“代词”的指代推理2015年全国新课标2卷…Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.37.Asalways,youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.D.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmileE.Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthemF.TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG.NowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtimeE例如：

_____Improvedthinkingabilitieswillhelpthemtounderstandmorebothinacademicsenseandinasanindividual.Thinkingisaskill.Creativethinkingtechniquescandevelopchildren’smind.Thinkingisatool,anditissomethingthatcanbesharpened.themchildren活学活用1：

C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.活学活用2：

Unfortunately,we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore,37It'sunderstandable,butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.Theythey

______Theimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.

Alwaysloveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.Don’tallowdoubtstooccurinit.self-imagesSelf-imageimagea.)词汇复现法复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。3)瞻前顾后，抓细节关键词Surroundyourselfwithhappypeople.Itiseasytobegintothinknegativelywhenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthatway.________A.Therearesometipsinlifethatleadtohappiness.B.Beingoverweightornoteatingnutritiousfoodscanhaveanegativeeffectonyourmood.C.Onthecontrary,ifyouarearoundpeoplewhoarehappy,theiremotionalstatewillbeinfectious.arearoundSurround````````````````````````````````````b.)词汇同现法

`

词汇同现是指属于同一词汇或者跟此词汇相关同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密（如：

例如：2014年全国新课标II卷Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.___40__Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.4)衔接过渡词:语篇连贯性的灵魂!

Tip:作答时，当我们发现某一个空有两个不同的答案犹豫不决时,我们需找出上下文和选项中的关键词，分辨其强调的不同点，看看哪项更符合上下文，再将其分别代入原文,选择最佳答案。(a)并列与递进关系：and,or,also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,aswellas,thesame…as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,whatismore等(b)因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason等常考的逻辑关系有：(c)转折让步关系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,although,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof等(d)时间关系：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,inthemeantime,later,next,then,以及一些具体的时间等。(e)解释关系：thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orrather常考的逻辑关系有：Ex.1…_________Somechooseitbecauseoftheirreligiousbeliefs.Otherssayitprovidesmoretimeforthefamilytobetogether.Theysayhomeoffersabetterplaceforlearning.Someparents….A.Soanumberofparentsbeganhome-schoolingB.Home–schoolingisnotacceptedbyallthepeopleC.Parentschoosehome–schoolingforseveralreasonsD.Mostoften,theirparentsaretheirteachersseveralreasonsEx.2…ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexercisesearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoufeelphysicallyaswellasmentallytired._______However,coffeeorteashouldbeavoidedastheycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyouawake….A.So,what’sagoodsleep?B.Abedtimedrinkcanalsohelp.C.Havingagoodsleepwillkeepyoulivelythewholeday.shouldhelpalsohelpEx.3

Takinggoodnotesisatimesavingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentin