高考英语二轮复习阅读理解攻略 【核心考点知识精讲】 字斟句酌猜测词义课件

字斟句酌揭开生义词的神秘面纱 ——阅读理解词句猜测题解题技巧课堂导入

Onthewaytothefactory,Jacksangapopsonghappily,becauseitisthefirstdayforhimtowork.Whenhewasworking,hetalkedwithhiscomrade(同志；伙伴).Suddenly,themachinebrokedownbecauseofhiscarelessness.Jackwasafraidoftheblameofhisboss.Hiscomradetoldhim,”takeiteasy,youareagreenhand.”greenhandhazyThemainpointoftheplaniscleartome;butthedetailsarestill

hazy.高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量.在考试中碰到一些不认识的单词和词组,这是正常现象,大可不必惊慌失措,也不要因为对某个词的含义纠缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量.Howtodealwithunfamiliarwordsandexpressionsyoucomeacrossinreading?Ignore（忽略）themandcontinuereading？Lookthemupinthedictionary？Guessthemeaningsofthem？

高考对于猜测词义的考查要求Themainpointoftheplaniscleartome;butthedetailsarestill

hazy.hazy模糊的

Onthewaytothefactory,Jacksangapopsonghappily,becauseitisthefirstdayforhimtowork.Whenhewasworking,hetalkedwithhiscomrade(同志；伙伴).Suddenly,themachinebrokedownbecauseofhiscarelessness.Jackwasafraidoftheblameofhisboss.Hiscomradetoldhim,”takeiteasy,youareagreenhand.”greenhand新手first词句猜测题常用的提问方式有:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”refertointhelastparagraph?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“passage”?Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“oncloudnine”standsfor?Theunderlinedword“it”refersto/(probably)means

.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph2?“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas…Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby…Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“…”underlinedinparagraph3?陌生词义熟词生义词组意思代词指代句子意思知识梳理例题分析如何猜测词义一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系; 2.逻辑关系

3.上下文语境 4.构词法

5.背景常识经验二.运用就近和逻辑一致原则找指代三.利用意义吻合推句意陌生词义熟词生义词组意思代词指代句子意思(2013全国卷阅读理解C)e.g.1

TheCRF'sproduceis"green”,madewithinthecountryanddividedinto10lines,withtheAlcoholSeriesbeingthemostpopular.TheExoticSeries一withSichuanpepper,redbean(豆),cheeseandotherflavors一alsodoeswellandisfuntotaste.Andforchocolatesnobs，whothinkthattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanothers,theConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogo,Cuba,Venezuela,andGhana,amongothers.

Thewords"chocolatesnobs"inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho______.A.areparticularaboutchocolate B.knowlittleaboutcocoabeansC.lookdownuponothers D.liketotrynewflavorsTip1:which/who引导的非限制性定语从句对目标词的解释(浙江2019.6阅读理解B）e.g.2

Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.Tip2:be动词后的内容解释目标词小结1：一.巧用线索猜词义

1.语法关系

1）下定义

e.g.3.Likepeopleinanycountry,Americansenjoyfollowingthelivesofcelebrities

:moviestars,sportsheroes,famousartists,politicians,andthelike.名人、明星Tip3:：，—，thatis，后面的内容解释前面的目标词e.g.4.Itconfirmed,itcouldexplainwhyautism—

adisabilitythatmakesithardtocommunicatewith,andrelateto,others—continuestoexistinalltypesofsociety.自闭症e.g.5.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle,thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.tallB.prettyC.fragileD.smooth小结2：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系

1）下定义

2）同位关系

同位关系提示词e.g.6Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominant

languagessuchas

English,SpanishandChineseare

increasinglytakingover.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedin Paragraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.Tip4:根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，推断出目标词的意思。suchas(全国I2018阅读理解C）小结3：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系

2.逻辑关系

1）举例子

举例的提示词e.g.7Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallpapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers...Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonly

returned

theimportantdocumentstousthatday,butalso

restored

ourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.showed.B.sentout.C.delivered.D.gaveback.Tip5:目标词所对应的同义关系进行判断

notonly

butalso

returned

(全国II2014阅读理解A）小结4：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系

2.逻辑关系

1）举例子

2）同义关系

同义关系提示词e.g.8Aftermonitoringthesleephabitsof416participantsforoneyear,researchersfoundthatnightowlswhorestrictedtheirtimeinbedweremorelikelytosleepsoundlyoncetheydidfallasleep.Thosewhoremainedinbedwhentheycouldn’tsleep,ontheotherhand,weremorelikelytodevelopchronicinsomnia.Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst,itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.“Thosewithinsomniatypicallyextendtheirsleepopportunity,”saidMichaelPerlis,Ph.D..”Theygotobedearly,getoutofbedlate,andtheynap…”Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterintuitive”underlinedinparagraph3?A.ContrarytocommonbeliefB.Unlikeanythingelse.C.SimilartofirstreactionD.BeyondwildestimaginationTip6:利用目标词所对应的反义关系进行判断。反义关系（对比、转折）提示词小结5：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系

2.逻辑关系

1）举例子

2）同义关系

3）反义关系

e.g.9Thenoisewassofaintthatitwasimpossibletobesurewhatitwasorevenwhereitcamefrom.A.weakB.clearC.beautifulD.confusing

Tip7:因果关系e.g.10Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.encourageteamwork.Bappealtofeelings.C.promotegooddeeds.D.provideadvice.Tip7:因果关系(全国II2019阅读理解B）小结6：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系

2.逻辑关系

1）举例子

2）同义关系

3）反义关系

4）因果关系

因果关系提示词e.g.12Itwasfourdaysafterthatlifechangingmoment(shewonthehonorofMissTeenUSA2004)theseventeen-year-oldhighschoolstudentfromDestrehan,Lousiana—Shewasstilloncloudnine.Whatdothewords“oncloudnine”probablymean?A.frightened. B.troubled.C.veryhappy.D.veryangry.

Tip8:根据上下文的信息推断出目标词（熟词生义）的意思(河北2011阅读理解E）小结7：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系 2.逻辑关系

3.上下文语境

e.g.13MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedand

illiterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”?A.sickB.uneducatedC.poorD.energetic否定前缀：ilillegal;illiterate;illogical2020宁波十校一模，Be.g14.Whenpeoplearerudetotheirco-workersortreatthembadly,theyprobablydon’trealizetheunintendedvictimsintheencountercouldbetheco-workers,children.Womenwhoexperienceincivilityintheworkplacearemorelikelytoengageinstricter,moreauthoritarianparentingpracticesthatcanhaveanegativeimpactontheirchildren,accordingtotheresearchpresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“incivility”inParagraph1?A．Rudeness.B．Panic.C．Violence.D．Argument.

rude否定前缀：in-名字后缀-itycivil市民的，有礼貌的e.g.15So

the

first

lesson

about

working

in

other

countries

is

to

learn

the

language

and

by

that

I

don’t

just

mean

the

words

people

speak．It

is

body

language,dress，manners,ideasandsoon.Thewaypeopledothingshighlightsmany

of

the

differences

we

see

between

cultures.The

word“highlights“in

Paragraph

2probably

means________．

A．encourages

B．helps

to

narrow

C．increases

D．draws

attention

to

highlight(河北2011阅读理解D）小结8：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系 2.逻辑关系

3.上下文语境

4.构词法(前缀、后缀、合成、转化）

e.g.16Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

麻醉剂e.g.17RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantaremoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming. takeinTip10:根据“背景、常识、经验”推断出目标词的意思小结9：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系 2.逻辑关系

3.上下文语境 4.构词法

5.背景常识经验e.g.18In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorers(探险者)landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe“moonpeople”theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople”expressedtheirsurprise.“Why,”theyasked,“areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace?”H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969,humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthatthe“moonpeople”askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”(Paragraph2)referto?A.Discoveringthemoon’sinnerspace.B.Usingtheearth’sinnerspace.C.Meetingthe“moonpeople”again.D.Travelingtoouterapace.(江西2002阅读理解A）e.g.19Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeat45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap

（摆动）…Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto?A.Theboat.B.Thewind.C.Thesail.D.Theangle.(全国II

2012阅读理解B）小结10:一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系 2.逻辑关系

3.上下文语境 4.构词法

5.背景常识经验二.运用就近和逻辑一致原则找指代e.g.20Evenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyanddignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies（妒忌）.Perhapsit’slikeinthekingdomofheaven.By“wewereallbesideourselves”,thewritermeansthattheywereall______.A.feltconfused B.wentwildwithjoyC.lookedon D.forgottheirfights

(浙江2011阅读理解D）小结11：一.巧用线索猜词义1.语法关系 2.逻辑关系

3.上下文语境 4.构词法

5.背景常识经验二.运用就近和逻辑一致原则找指代三.利用意义吻合推句意课堂小结生活常识上下文就近指代构词法逻辑关系语法关系猜意义吻合定语从句、下定义、标点列举、同义、反义（对比、转折）、因果Practicemakesperfect!

巩固练习3.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.1.Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemaleclaimsasitsown.2.Fraud,anillegalactionofdeceivingpeopleinordertogettheirmoney,isagrowingproblem.4.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople'shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.

5.Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministrator（管理人员）becausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers．6.Onemorning,however，Ifounditsbedempty．Mydollwasgone!Icriedforit．Mumweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethinghadbeensenttoahospital．Ithadafever.Forseveraldays，IheardMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”，“pitiful”，and“dying”,whichsounded

Ominous．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ominous”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Impossible．B．Boring．C．Difficult．D．Fearful．(重庆2012阅读理解A）7.…Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobea

hassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.…Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.D.Ademandmadebyguests.8.

Thefineselectionofthemajorworks

wasdoneinclosecollaboration（合作）withMuseoNcionalReinSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributions

fromotherinstitutions（公共机构）liketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.

(全国I

2015阅读理解B）9.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemind(boy)atwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.

downside(全国II

2016阅读理解B）10.Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect,Praise-aholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseekthesamekindofapprovalfromtheirfriendswhenaskediftheywattogointhebackseatofthecar.The

underlinedword“Praise-aholickids“refertokidswhoare________．

A．tiredofbeingpraised

B．worthyofbeingpraised

C．veryproudofbeingpraisedD．extremelyfondofbeingpraised

11.ISScrewmembers(astronauts)usuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Find. B.Copy.C.Change.D.Lose

(辽宁2012阅读理解B）12.“Myfriendsaid,‘NowIbelieveyourstories,’”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid,‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’”Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph6refertoWelty’s________.A.ReadersB.partiesC.friends D.stories13.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou‘refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn‘tseeeachotherallthatregularl