初中英语语法-代词教学教材

代词(dàicí)Pronouns第一页，共48页。代词概述:代词就是指可以代替(dàitì)名词的词,可分为以下几种名称代词人称代词主格代词I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格代词me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,ours,your,they名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourself,themselves指示代词this,that,these,those疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which不定代词some,any，

many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…

相互代词eachother/oneanother关系代词who,whose,whom,that,which.第二页，共48页。一.人称(rénchēng)代词第一人称(dìyīrénchēnɡ)第二人称(dìèrrénchēnɡ)第三人称人称格数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格Iyouhesheitmeyouhimheritweyoutheyusyouthem第三页，共48页。1、人称代词的排列(páiliè)顺序：二，三，一(单数）一，二，三（复数）一.人称(rénchēng)代词1.我、你、他、都18岁。__________________2.你们、我们、他们(tāmen)都来自中国。______________________________.You,heandIareall18.We,youandtheyarefromChina2、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not后多用宾格.—IlikeEnglish.—_____too.A.IB.HeC.Me第四页，共48页。①第一人称单数代词I（我）无论在什么地方出现(chūxiàn)都要大写。②人称(rénchēng)代词作主语时要用其主格Theyarenurses.Sheisabarber.③动词后用宾格(bīnɡé)：Ihelphimandhehelpsme介词后用宾格(bīnɡé)：Jimtakesgoodcareofme注意：第五页，共48页。1.—Whobrokethewindow?—Not_____.A.IB.heC.her2.MissLiinvited__havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme3.Whotaught_____Englishlastterm?A.themB.theirC.they第六页，共48页。4.MissZhangteaches___math.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours5.___likeplayingsoccerwith___.A.Them,meB.They,IC.They,meD.Them,I6.Tomisanewstudent.___knewnoneof____.A.He,usB.He,weC.Him,usD.His,we7.Youcansitbetween____.A.heandIB.himandmeC.meandhim8.___allcomehereearly.A.ThemB.SheC.WeD.Us第七页，共48页。3、it的特殊(tèshū)用法:①it可指不知性别(xìngbié)的婴儿或不确指性别(xìngbié)的人.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadmaster.②It也可用来表示天气、时间(shíjiān)、距离等。天气：Howcolditistoday!时间(shíjiān)：It’sabouteighto’clock.距离：It’s200kilometersfromhere.一.人称代词第八页，共48页。1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that第九页，共48页。③固定(gùdìng)句型1.做某事情对某人来说是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.2.轮到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了It’stime(forsb.)todosth.4.据说…It’ssaidthat…第十页，共48页。5.某人花费…做某事Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(cónɡjù)(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoit’s也对！第十一页，共48页。Ifound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.

A.goB.togoC.going第十二页，共48页。二.物主代词人称分类

第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数

单数复数单数复数形容词性

名词性myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineours

yours

yours

hishers

itstheirs

第十三页，共48页。形容词性和名词性物主代词虽都译成“……的”，但形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后边(hòubian)须有名词；而名词性物主代词后边(hòubian)不可再加名词，它在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。“名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词”。Thisismybook=ThisbookismineThatisyourpen,mineisinmybag.ThisisLucy‘scoat，yoursisdifferentfromhersyourcoat物主代词用法(yònɡfǎ)：hercoatmybookmypen第十四页，共48页。注意(zhùyì)：物主代词前不能有this,that，some,a,an，the等词修饰(xiūshì)。如不能说themyrighthand。第十五页，共48页。1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him第十六页，共48页。4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s6.Sheis___Englishteacher.Sheteaches__well.A.our,oursB.our,usC.their,they第十七页，共48页。7.Isthis____sister?No,Sheis____sister.A.your,hisB.your,mineC.his,mine8.Must___goto___officenow?A.we,hisB.he,youC.they,yours9.Youmustbring___notebooktotheschool.A.youB.yourC.yours10.Theredbagis___.___iswhite.A.his,MineB.him,MyC.mine,Him

第十八页，共48页。三.反身代词(fǎnshēndàicí)

人称分类第一人称第二人称

第三人称单数

复数myselfourselves

yourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself1.反身代词(fǎnshēndàicí)分类第十九页，共48页。2.反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学(zìxué)请随便吃…自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己enjoyoneselfteachoneself.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfallbyoneself/byoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself第二十页，共48页。Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your第二十一页，共48页。四.指示(zhǐshì)代词TheweatherinChinaisquitedifferentfromthatinUSA.单数复数this

这个these

这些that

那个those

那些代词(dàicí)，指theweather第二十二页，共48页。指示代词(dàicí)用法：1.this和these用于指距离较近的事物或人，that和those用于指较远的事物或人。如：Thispictureisclearandthatpictureisnotclear.2.that(those)可以代替前面提到的名词，以免重复，this(these)不能。如：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofIndia.SomeTVsetsmadeinChinaarejustasgoodasthosemadeinJapan.3.打电话时用that问对方(duìfāng)是谁，用this做自我介绍。如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who'sthat?第二十三页，共48页。1.-Look,whoiscoming?-___mustbeourEnglishteacher.

A.SheB.HeC.ItD.This2.Ifound___noteasytogetonwithhim.A.thatB.itC.thisD.one3.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan____ofChina.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this4.Ifound____importanttoreadEnglishinthemorning.A.itB.thatC.whichD.its第二十四页，共48页。5.ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it6.TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those7.WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that第二十五页，共48页。五.不定(bùdìng)代词1.常见的不定代词(dàicí)有：some,any,one,each,every,no,none,all,both,either,neither,many,much,afew,alittle,other,another,theother等。2.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody,everything,everyone,everybody等不定代词(dàicí)时，放在后面。如：Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourbike.第二十六页，共48页。1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse第二十七页，共48页。常见不定(bùdìng)代词的用法只修饰可数名词只修饰不可数名词修饰可数名词、不可数名词many,anumberofthenumberofmuchalotof=lotsofplentyoffew,afewlittle,alittlesome,any修饰可数名词和不可数名词的单词(dāncí)或短语第二十八页，共48页。①.someanysome一般(yībān)用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。①Ihave____books,butIdon’thave____pens.②Thereisnot____meatinmybowl.Thereis____chickeninit.提示：some有时也可用于疑问句中，表示劝告，请求或建议。any用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”①Wouldyoulikesometea?②MayIaskyousomequestions?③Youcanborrowanyofthethreebooks.第二十九页，共48页。few/afewlittle/alittle1、2、当前面由only修饰(xiūshì)，常用afew或alittle.3、alittle可表示“有点(yǒudiǎn)，稍微”相当于abit，alittlebit，kindof肯定否定可数afewfew不可数alittlelittle第三十页，共48页。Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few第三十一页，共48页。①.it指上文提到过的事物。②.

one泛指上文提及的同类事物(可数名词)中的一个,复数ones,一般前边有the，this，that修饰。③.that常用于比较结构中，代替(dàitì)前面提到的名词，避免重复。可代替(dàitì)可数或不可数名词，复数those，一般有后置修饰语.(1)

Ihavemanybooks.Which___doyoulike?(2)

Thebookismine.____isveryinteresting.(3)TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan____inHainan.oneItthatoneitthat第三十二页，共48页。①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.A.itB.oneC./②Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.A.itB.oneC./第三十三页，共48页。eacheveryeach(常与of连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物

everyother…每隔…（anyother…任何一个）everyotherday

每隔一天

=everytwodays①Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet. A．every B．each C．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天来这里(zhèlǐ)。Hecamehere__________day.everyother第三十四页，共48页。nonenoonenonenoone没有什么人/物“没有人”只能指人回答howmany

问句回答who问句noneof+复数名词/them谓语用单数①

Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②

Whoisintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.

A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom第三十五页，共48页。eitherof两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neitherof两者都不谓单bothof两者都谓复___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②Bothofhisparents___teachers.A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherboth第三十六页，共48页。eitherneitherboth①

EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②

NeitheryounorI___ascientist.

A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.

A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原则neither…nor…两者都不both…and…两者都复数谓语第三十七页，共48页。

ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either

LucyandLily___agreewithus.

A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.

A.bothB.allC.no第三十八页，共48页。①

Ididn’tseeit,___.A.tooB.aswellC.either②

Hecouldn’topenthedoor._______.

A.NeithercouldIB.SocouldIC.Neithercouldn’tI

They__ingoodhealth,

andthey___there.

A.areboth;willbothgoB.bothare;willgobothC.areboth;bothgoeseither否定句末“也”neither倒装句表否定neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语both助动词/be/情态动词+bothboth+行为动词第三十九页，共48页。othertheotherotherstheothersanother第四十页，共48页。①TomandMaryhavearrived,but__inyourclassaren'thereyet.

A.theothers

B.others

C.theother

②Oneofthesidesoftheroadshouldbepaintedyellow,and___white.A.theotherB．anotherC.others ③Thispairoftrousersistooshort.Wouldyoupleaseshowme___one.

A.other

B.others

C.another

第四十一页，共48页。④Ihavetwobrothers.__isadoctor,__isasoldier.

A.One,theother

B.One,other

C.Theone,theother

⑤---Isthisyoursock?---Yes,itis.Whereis_?A.anotherB.theotheroneC.others⑥Wegothomeby4o’clock,but___didn’tgetbackuntil8o’clock.A.theotherB.othersC.theothers第四十二页，共48页。六.相互(xiānghù)代词1．相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，在句中常作宾语，只有(zhǐyǒu)两个：oneanother和eachother，译作“相互，彼此”。两者用法基本相同，但在表示两人间的相互关系时，更多用eachother。如：PeoplecanuseICQtotalkwitheachotherbycomputers.2．相互代词的所有格形式为：eachother's和oneanother's。Theyputsmallpresentsineachother'sstocking