会考复习名词

名词1、名词的类2、名词的数

3、名词的格4、名词的功用名词考查点普通名词

专有名词:

Tom,China,English,theUnitedNations,

个体名词：tree,city,teacher集体名词：class,family,society

物质名词：paper,bread,light抽象名词：truth,health,music,nature,space

名词

可数名词不可数名词不可数名词的特点(1)Tablesaremadeof____.

A.wood

B.woods

C.wooden

D.somewoods

(2)Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.

A.anadvice

B.advice

C.advices

D.theadvices(3)Hegainedhis______byprinting______offamouswriters.

A.wealth;work

B.wealths;works

C.wealths;work

D.wealth;works(2)不能用不定冠词a(an)或数词one修饰；(3)没有复数形式(1)物质/抽象/专有名词为不可数名词常考的不可数名词：advicefurniturenewsinformationworkprogressfuntroubleweatherequipmentwealthhealth某些单词既是[u]又是[c]，但是所含意义不同successbeautydifficultyexperiencecoffee/drinkknowledge[c]成功的人或事

[u]成功

[c]美人[u]美丽[c]难事

[u]困难

[c]经历

[u]经验

[c]一杯咖啡/饮料

[u]咖啡/饮料

[c]某方面的知识[u]知识

surprise,pleasure,interest,joy,help,honor,exercise,time,life,etc.DrSmithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy______.

A.teeth

B.tooth

C.teeths

D.toothes(2)_____turngreeninspring.

A.Leaf

B.Leafs

C.Leave

D.Leaves

名词的单复数desk----desksclass----classesfactory----factorieshero----heroes

photo---photosleaf---leavesknife---knives

roof---roofschief----chiefs名词复数的规则变化一个小偷和他的妻子手里拿着一把刀子和一片叶子，站在架子上亲自把狼劈成了两半。thief,wife,knife,leaf,shelf,self,wolf,halffootfeetchildchildrentoothteethmousemice名词复数的不规则变化(1)词形变化man--menwoman--womenmendoctorswomenteacherstwosheepaJapaneseseveralJapanese名词复数的不规则变化deer-deerworks-worksmeans-means

species-species(2)单复同形cattle

peoplepolicepublic(3)单形复义(4)复形单义newspoliticsphysics

maths（5）合成名词变复数looker-on

-----passer-by

-----daughter-in-law---grown-up

-----lookers-onpassers-bydaughters-in-lawgrown-ups由man和woman构成的复合名词，两部分都要变复数。

manteacher-----menteachersWomandoctor-----womendoctors（6）有两个相同的构成复数形式glasses眼镜trousers裤子socks短袜scissors剪刀

gloves手套shoes鞋子glass

玻璃

glasses玻璃杯/眼镜

water

水

waters

大片的水，海域

work

工作

works

工厂，著作，工程

time时间times次数，时代，倍good

益处goods

货物manner

态度

manners

礼貌

.5.6.

paper7.

papers试卷，论文，报纸8.woodwoods木头森林纸单复数形式分别表示不同的意义1.Wouldyoupleasepassme___?A.twopaperB.twopapersC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers

2.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.sand,sandB.sands,sands C.sand,sands D.sands,sand3.Nonews____goodnews. A.is B.are C.have D.has名词的所有格名词的所有格用’s式1）表示有生命的名词,如Tom’sbike,Women’sDay,theeditor-in-chief’soffice2）表示时间、国家、距离等的名词的所有格用’s，如today’snews;twominutes’walk;theParty’spolicy3）表示两个或多人共有的，在最后一个名词后加’s。如KateandMary’sroom

Kate’sandMary’srooms4)在表示店铺的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：atthebarber's/tailor’s;atthedoctor’s。

atmyaunt’s2.thedeathofDr.NormanBethune(名词本身较长)What’sthenameofthestudentsittingnearthewindow?（名词的定语较长）1.表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of,如thecoverofthebook。名词的所有格用of式1.---Iwonderwhosebicycleitis.

—Itmightbemy________A.neighbour's

B.dearneighbourC.neighbour

D.neighbours.

2.－Where’syourbrother?－At_____.A.Mr.Green’s

B.Mr.Green

C.theMr.Green’s

D.theMr.Green3.MissSmithisafriendof________.A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.Mother'sofMary

D.Marymother'sAAA双重所有格apictureofhisbrotherapictureofhisbrother’safriendofhermotherafriendofhermother’s名词作定语1.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’s______walk.

A.afourhour

B.afourhour’s

C.afour-hours

D.afourhours’

2.Hedroppedthe________andbrokeit.

A.cupofcoffee

B.coffee'scup

C.cupforcoffee

D.coffeecup一般用单数形式。如astonebridge(石桥),ameetingroom(会议室),morningexercise(早操),LondonAirport(伦敦机场),astorybook(故事书)，ashoeshop(鞋店)。

表材料，地点，用途，性质，泛指时间，整体等普通名词。DD2.man,woman要与所修饰的名词的数一致。如awomanteacher——twowomenteachers3.sports,sales,clothes,goods,arts,customs等只用复数形式。如

asportsmeetagoodstrainaclothesshopstudentsreadingroomGood-bye!名词的搭配问题1We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehaveno______buttotakeataxi.(N19993)A.wayB.choiceC.possibility D.selection可以将“havenochoicebuttodo…”视为一个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如：

IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary—hehasaprettygood_______ofdirection.（05浙江卷）A．ideaB．feelingC．experienceD．sense类似的题还有：1.Here’smycard.Let’skeepin__________.(N1994)(A)A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship2.Youcantakeasmanyasyoulikebecausetheyarefreeof_______.(1998上海)(B)A.fare B.charge C.money D.pay3.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness_______sothecompanyisdoingwell.（03北京春季）（B）

A．idea B．sense C．thought D．Thinking4.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren’s______.（04天津）(A)Areach Bhand Chold Dplace问题2Aroughestimate,Nigeriais__________GreatBritain.（05上海卷）

A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeof注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数+the+名词+of+对象”。常用在该结构中的名词为：thesizeof;theweightof;thelengthof…….名词词语辨析问题1Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis_______.（05天津卷）(C)A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质和力气。名词的可数与不可数问题1：

Hegainedhis_____byprinting_____offamouswriters.(NMET95)A.wealth;work B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中wealth为不可数名词，works作“作品”解，属单复数同形的可数名词。问题2：

Canyougiveussome______aboutthewriter?A．informations B．informationC．pieceofinformationsD．piecesinformation大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词，常见的有：information;news;advice;progress;fun……如：Thisisnotamatch.We’replayingchessfor_____.AhabitBhobby CfunDgame(2001上海春季)问题3：

Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.(NMET96)

A.aknowledge B.knowledgesC.knowledge D.theknowledge有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词，用来表示某种特定的意义。aknowledgeof…表示“对……有所了解“。又如：Thismeetingisagreatsuccess.请看下面的可数与不可数名词的转化：a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时。

Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。(U)

Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(C)

b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。

Thisfactoryproducessteel.

(U)

Weneedvarioussteels.

(C)

c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。

Ourcountryisfamousfortea.

Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。d.抽象名词有时也可数。

fourfreedoms四大自由

thefourmodernizations四个现代化

manyinterests许多兴趣可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语及转换1.Ineed______cloth,forI'mhopingtomake______clothes.(93上海)

A.alotof;many

B.much;much

C.many;many

D.many;alot

2.Wewaited______forthebus.(95全国)

A.longtime

B.alongtime

C.thelongtime

D.somelongtime

3._____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople‘slivingstandard.(85全国)

A.ManyB.Agreatmany

C.Alargenumberof

D.Agreatdealof

4.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook______picturesofthem.(03上海)

A.manyof

B.massesof

C.thenumberof

D.alargeamountof

5.Wehaveonlyasofa,atableandabedinournewapartment.Weneedtobuy______morefurniture.(05上海春)

A.any

B.many

C.little

D.some

ABDBD6.Ihear_______boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.(2006辽宁)

A.quitealot

B.quiteafew

C.quiteabit

D.quitealittle

7.Wealwayskeep________sparepaper,incaseweranout.(2006浙江)

A.toomuch

B.anumberof

C.plentyof

D.agoodmany

8.Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.(96)A.aknowledgeB.knowledgesC.knowledgeD.theknowledgeBC1.有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。如，fishes,fruits,teas,allweathers。

2.有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如,shame/pity(憾事),interest(乐事),pleasure(乐事),surprise(意外事),disappointment(令人失望的人或事),success(成功的人或事),difficulty(难事),help(帮手)等。A不可数名词与可数名词的转换3.表示“一场/段/件/种……”时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或of短语修饰。如，afinerain(一阵细雨),aheavysnow(一场大雪),alongtime(很长一段时间)。4.表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等，可以用a(n)或数词修饰，也有复数形式。如twoteasandacoffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡)；5.有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如：

paperglasstimeexerciseexperienceroom

不可数纸玻璃时间锻炼经验空间余地可数试卷玻璃杯次、倍习题、体操经历、房间6.有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage,jewellery,clothing等。名词的修饰语只能修饰可数名词的有each,either,neither,another,these,those,both,(a)few,several,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等。2.只能修饰不可数的有(a)little,much,abitof,agreatdealof,alargeamountof等。

3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some,any,half,most,all,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,quantitiesof等。onefish一条鱼fishes不同种类的鱼／各种各样的鱼threefish三条鱼somefish一些鱼肉可数名词不可数名词deer-deermeans-meansseries-series

species-speciesworks-works（工厂）

Some______visitedourschoollastWednesday.A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形：English-Englishman3、加–s或-es：German–Germans详见下表。1.6不同国家的人的单复数名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人

中国人theChinese

aChinese

twoChinese

瑞士人theSwiss

aSwiss

two