外研社高中英语必修五单元一各知识点5-1

Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global

Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：1．说明你是该报的忠实读者2．赞赏该报优点：(1)兼顾国内外新闻(2)介绍名人成功故事3．提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已为你写好；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearEditor­in­Chief，Congratulationsonthe5thanniversaryofGlobal

Mirror!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerelyyours，LiHua【满分作文】DearEditor­in­Chief，Congratulationsonthe5thanniversaryofGlobalMirror!

①I'maregularreaderofyournewspaper.②Ilikeitverymuchmainlyforthefollowingtworeasons.First，itcoversbothnationalandinternationalnewssothat，bysimplyturningthepages，Icanlearnallimportantthingsthathavehappenedduringtheweek.③Equallyattractivearethesuccessstoriesofworld­famouspeople，whichhelpmeunderstandhowapersoncanworkhardtomaketheworldabetterplace.④Asayoungstudent，IsuggestthatGlobalMirrorcarryarticlestoguideusinourEnglishlearning，andIhopethatitwillbecomeevenmorepopular.Sincerelyyours，LiHua【高级词汇】cover包含；报道equally同样地；等同地attractive吸引人的【佳句变换】It'sagreathonortobearegularreaderofGlobalMirror.Ilikethenewspaperverymuchandthemainreasonsareasfollows：Meanwhile，thesuccessstoriesofworld­famouspeopleareequallyattractive，whichopenawindowbeforeme，fromwhichIcanseehowapersoncanworkhardtomaketheworldabetterplace.Asayoungstudent，I'dliketoreadmorearticleswhichcangiveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwellandI'msureGlobalMirrorwillbecomeevenmorepopular.

1．compare

vt.比较2．attempt

n．努力；尝试3．obvious

adj.显然的，显而易见的→obviously

adv.显然地4．confusing

adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confused

adj.感到困惑的→confuse

v．使困惑→confusion

n．困惑5．variety

n．种类→various

adj.各种各样的→vary

v．改变，不同6．differ

vi.不同，有区别→different

adj.不同的，有区别的→difference

n．区别，差异7．remark

n．评论；讲话→remarkable

adj.显著的，非凡的A考纲词汇——思忆8．steadily

adv.不断地；持续地→steady

adj.稳定的9．rapidly

adv.迅速地→rapid

adj.迅速的10．announcement

n．声明；宣告→announce

v．宣布，宣告，声明11．add

vt.加；增加→addition

n．加；增加物12．present

vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)→present

n．礼物→present

adj.出席的；现在的；目前的13．simplify

vt.简化→simple

adj.简单的→simply

adv.简单地14．criticise

vt.批评→criticism

n．批评→critic

n．批评家，评论家15．reference

n．参考；查阅→refer

v．参考；查阅；涉及 ——字词入章，相得益彰Thelinguistpresentatthemeetingremarkedthatweshouldbebraveenoughtofacevariouscriticismandchallengesinourlife.Obviously，whathesaidisright.Therearemanythingsinlifewesimplycan'tchangeorcontrol，butwecancontrolourattitudestowardsthem.Ourattitudesmakeallthedifferencetoourlife.Atlast，headdedthatcomparedtothepast，wearelivingabetterlifenowandwemustseizethegoodopportunitytomakesteadierprogress.1．有相同的特点have...incommon2．有影响，使不相同makeadifference3．四处走动(旅行)getaround4．与……相似besimilarto5．做某事有困难havedifficulty(in)doingsth6．引起；导致leadto7．同意；支持infavourof8．称……为……referto...as...9．幸亏，多亏thanksto10．学会；接人；收听(广播)pickupB重点短语——识记1．while位于句中，常表对比，意思为“而，却”TheBritishsayHaveyougot...？WhileAmericanspreferDoyouhave...？(而美国人更喜欢说Doyouhave...？)2．sothat引导结果状语从句，意为“结果，因此”ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish，sothatsomepeoplenowbelieve(结果有些人现在认为)thatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.C经典句式——再现3．v.­ing短语位于句尾作结果状语时，表示自然而然、意料之中的结果Bythe1850sitwassellingonemillioncopiesayear，makingitoneofthemostpopularschoolbooksever.(使得它成为最受欢迎的学校课本之一).

A

核心单词——巧布点，基石奠confusingadj.令人困惑的；难懂的①Ialwaysconfuseyouwithyourbrother.Youaresomuchalike.我老是把你和你弟弟弄混了。你们那么像。②Hestoodtherein_confusion.他困窘地站在那里。HisabstracttheoryissoconfusingthatIoftengetconfusedathiswords.他抽象的理论令人如此困惑以至于我经常搞不明白他在说什么。①Compared_with/tohermother，sheistall.和她妈妈比较起来，她算是很高了。②TheviewinJiuzhaigouisbeyond_compare.九寨沟的景色无与伦比。comparev．比较，匹敌，比喻；相比n.比较 ——看看高考怎么考

Recentlyasurvey________pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011·江苏卷，单项31)A．compared B．comparingC．compares D．beingcompared答案BAttitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.(2011·重庆卷，阅读C)现在对脏物的态度依然迥异。differvi.不同，有区别；相异；意见不同BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishdifferinmanyways.→BritishEnglishdiffersfromAmericanEnglishinmanyways.→BritishEnglishisdifferentfromAmericanEnglishinmanyways.→TherearedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinmanyways.英国英语和美国英语在很多方面有区别。a．Inaword，theProgramaimstoencouragestudentstobeactivecitizensandengagethemselvesinmakingadifferenceinsociety.(2011·天津)b．TheteacherspokeEnglishthroughouttheclass，whichwastotallydifferentfromthelessonsIhadtakenbefore.(2010·湖北)——满分作文之佳句Informationispresentedinanentertainingway.(2011·上海卷，阅读C)信息被以一种轻松娱乐的方式展现出来。presentv．陈述；提出；赠送；颁发adj.出现的；出席的；现在的n.礼物；赠品；现在巧学助记Whataretheissuesfacingtheworkersforthepresent?当前工人面临的问题是什么？小贴士present作形容词，表示“在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的”时，常用作前置定语。

Therewereinall700studentspresentthemeetingonTeacher'sDay.Somestudentspresentedflowerstotheirteachersasfestivalpresents(present)． ——满分作文之佳句a．Theypresentedthelovinghearttotheelderly.(浙江卷)b．Andrespectfullytheypresentedtheelderlywithflowersandfruits. (浙江卷)c．Whensomeonesendsuspresents，weoftensay“It'snotnecessary.”besides“Thankyou.” (四川卷)d．Inmyopinion，everyonepresentshouldlistenmoretoothers. (江苏卷)Theystruggledintheirdesperateattemptstoescape.(2010·湖北卷，阅读A)他们千方百计想逃跑。attemptn．努力，尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图①Theymadeanattempttoescape/atescaping.他们企图逃跑。②Hesucceededinreachingthetopofthemountainathisfirstattempt.他第一次尝试就成功到达了山顶。集训中心Ⅰ.单词拼写1．It'svery________(显然的；显而易见的)thatwehavetocanceltonight'sperformance.2．Don'tmakerude________(评论)abouthisappearance.3．Theinstructionsontheboxareso________(令人困惑的；难懂的)thatI'vedoneitallwrong.4．Thesegirlscomefroma________(种类)ofdifferentbackgrounds.5．Theequipmentpickedupthesignalfromthe________(卫星)．6．InEnglishthespellingofwordsdoesn'talways________(代表)thesound.7．All__________(努力；尝试)tocontrolinflationhavefailed.8．Theairlinehasstrictsafety________(标准)．9．Some300paperswere________(提交)attheconference.Itwasreallyoutofouranticipation.10．I________(比较)thecopywiththeoriginal，buttherewasnotmuchdifference.答案1.obvious2.remarks3.confusing4.variety5．satellite

6.represent7.attempts8.standards9．paredⅡ.单项填空1．Thetwobrothersaresimilar________appearance，butdifferwidely________theirtastes.A．to；fromB．in；inC．to；in D．in；from2．Thegirl________heropinionastohowtosolvetheproblemtotheinterviewerclearly.A．presentedB．providedC．preservedD．Supplied3．________withhissister，Jerryisevenmoresensitive，andmoreeasilytroubledbyemotionalandrelationshipproblems.(2012·南昌模拟)A．ComparingB．ComparedC．CompareD．Tocompare4．Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation______informationinamoreeffectiveway.(北京卷)A．presentingB．presentedC．beingpresentedD．topresent5．HehasbeenpreparingcarefullyforhisEnglishexaminationsothathecouldbesureofpassingitathisfirst________.A．purposeB．desireC．attemptD．intention答案1.B2.A

3.B4.D5.CSocratesandConfuciushadmuchincommon.(2010·江西卷，阅读C)苏格拉底和孔子有很多共同点。B

核心短语——点入线，基础建have...incommon有相同的特点，有共同之处In_common_withalotofothercountries，we'refacingalotofeconomicchallenges.同许多别的国家一样，我国也面临着经济挑战。Muscle(肌肉)problemscanleadtokidney(肾脏)problems.(2010·湖南卷，阅读A)肌肉问题可导致肾病。leadto引起；导致；通向①Whatledyoutothisconclusion?你是怎样得出这个结论的？②Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothe_thief_being_caught.新证据的发现致使小偷被抓。辨析leadto/liein(1)leadto意为“引起，导致”时，主语是原因，宾语是结果，相当于resultin。(2)liein意为“在于”，主语是结果，宾语是原因，相当于resultfrom。Thegoodresultlies_inthecorrectmethods，thatistosay，correctmethodsleads_togoodresult.Thegoodresultliesinthecorrectmethods，thatistosay，correctmethodsleadstogoodresult. ——满分作文之佳句a．Whatsizeofanorganizationmayleadtocommunicationfailures？ (2011·上海)b．Sadly，thishasresultedinanumberofpersonsbeingforcedtoleavetheirhomesand/orunabletofindnewaffordablehomes.

(2011·辽宁)c．Around540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecondhandsmoke，whichcauses100,000deathsperyear. (2010·广东)d．Usuallynegativeattitudesbringaboutabadmood.(江西卷)have...incommon；makeadifference；getaround；besimilarto；havedifficultyindoingsth；leadto；infavorof；thanksto；makeafussof；haveastronginfluenceon

1．Myopiniononthismatter________Kay's.2．Withtheboyleadingus，we________thehouseofthatoldman.3．Mostpeoplevotedforthepolicy，thatis，theywere______it.4．________thehelpoftheTVprogram，theselostchildrenfoundtheirparentsatlast.集训中心Ⅰ.选词填空6．Whatthepresidentsaidatthemeeting________tothedevelopmentofthecountry.7．Workinginaninternationalfirm，healwayshaschancesto________.8．Alltheexperiments________thesameconclusion.9．Theactivitiesoftheparents________theirchildren.10．Asparents，youshouldn'talways__________thechildren.答案1.issimilarto

2.hadnodifficulty(in)finding

3.infavorof

4.Thanksto

5.have；incommon

6.madeagreatdifference7.getaround8.ledto9.haveastronginfluenceon10.makeafussofⅡ.单项填空1．Itwasstayinguplatelastnightthat________hisbeinglateforwork.(2012·福州模拟)A．gotto B．resultedfromC．devotedto D．ledto2．Shethoughtitwasworthwhileforhertoteachinthesmallvillagetomakea________tothelifeofthechildrenthere.(2012·黄冈一模)A．difference B．sense C．study D．Discovery3．Idon'tneedthedictionary________.Thankyouverymuchallthesame.(2012·济南模拟)A．atpresentB．forpresentC．onpresentD．inpresent4．Youlikesurfingandchattingallnight，too？Don'tyouthinkwehavesomuch________？(2012·太原模拟)A．incommonB．ofcommonC．oncommonD．withcommon5．—HowaboutyourtriptoItaly?—Oh，________thefineweather，weenjoyedourselvesindeed.(2012·皖南十校模拟)A．butforB．thankstoC．inspiteofD．accountfor答案1.D2.A

3.A4.A5.Bhavedifficultyindoingsth/withsth做某事有困难(difficulty为不可数名词；in常可以省略)C

核心句型——线入面，灵犀现ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。(1)havesome/much/great/no/little/alittledifficulty(in)doingsth/withsth,做某事有些/很多/很大/没有/几乎没有/有点困难(2)There'ssome/muchdifficulty(in)doingsth/withsth做某事有些/很困难(3)go/runintodifficulty陷入困难

①Toeveryone'ssurprise，thereisnodifficultymakingthechanges.令人惊奇的是，做出这些变化竟毫不费力。②Youcan'timaginewhatgreatdifficultywehaveeverhaddealingwiththeproblems.你想像不到我们处理这些问题时所遇到的困难。小贴士(1)havedifficulty(in)doingsth做某事有困难，其中difficulty为不可数名词，介词in可以省略。(2)difficulty可换成trouble，problem，ahardtime等；若difficulty后跟名词时，介词in换成with。(3)在考试中，常将havedifficultydoingsth短语中的difficulty提前作先行词，因此定语从句中的谓语动词常为havedoing形式。

集训中心Ⅰ.单项填空

1．Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(2010·上海高考)A．find B．found C．tofind D．finding2．Computersareplayinganimportantroleinourdailylifeand________ishardtofindafieldwherecomputersaren'tbeingused.A．as B．which C．it D．this3．Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoney______menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.A．but B．whileC．because D．Though4．Ifsomethingis“dog­eat­dog”，itisasituation________peoplehavetotakecareofthemselvesandlookaftertheirowninterests.(2011·南京一模)A．onwhich B．inwhichC．bywhich D．forwhich5．Doyouknowthedifficultywehad________yourhouse?A．tofind B．findC．finding D．fromwhat答案

1.D2.C

3.B4.B5.CⅡ.翻译句子1．我用英语同外国人交谈很费劲。_________________________________________________________2．我不想和我家人之间有任何麻烦。_________________________________________________________答案1.Ihavemuchdifficulty(in)talkingwiththeforeignersinEnglish.2．Idon'twanttohaveanytroublewithmyfamily.【题型解读】应用文的总体写作要求是：格式正确；语言简洁、精练，无语法及词语搭配错误。【应对策略】应用文通常有一定的格式，而且不同类型的应用文，其格式也不相同。所以掌握一些应用文的基本格式并能熟练运用非常重要。由于高考中的应用文写作中书信和发言稿比较常见，下面主要介绍它们的应对策略。对应学生用书P1211．英语书信英语书信的特点是开门见山，即一开篇就点明题旨。除了常规的问候之外，不妨直接用“Iamwritingtotellyou...”类似的句子开头，直截了当，言简意赅。文章第二段可以详细介绍题中所提示的具体内容。为了提高文章的连贯性和条理性，考生应注意运用一些表示逻辑顺序的词汇，如first，second，what'smore，finally等将内容巧妙地连贯起来，从而形成有机的整体。最后一段是结尾段，应该客气地询问对方的意见，是否满意某种安排，同时表达真诚的祝福和热情的问候，体现中学生文明礼貌素养。2．发言稿为了引起对方注意，发言稿须使用称呼语和结束语。发言稿的特定形式决定了其口语性很强，因此应该少用复杂句，多用简单句。发言稿第一段侧重介绍事情的发生、发展和结局。第二段应紧扣主题表示欢迎、号召、建议、个人看法等，根据提示表达自己的看法或意愿等。值得注意的是，在进行应用文写作时，考生应根据提示决定称呼语的人称和文中句子的时态。【考题示例】假定你是李华，David是你的美国笔友。他对中国鼓励使用环保购物袋很感兴趣，来信向你询问此事。请你给他写封回信，主要内容如下：感谢他的关注。简要介绍相关情况。谈谈你的感想。注意：1.词数120左右，信的格式已为你写好。2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3．参考词汇：环保购物袋environment­friendlyshoppingbag关注concernDearDavid，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，Li