阅读秋季抢分第五讲笔记

回考研三小时，每篇时间18-20钟作） -普遍适【1段】JusthowmuchdoestheConstitution（ ）protectyourdigitaldata?（问号，全文讨论的核心话题）TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhether cansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrant搜查令与26题选项Ccheck s’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized是同义替换）ifthephoneisonorarounda duringan particularlyone/that（引导同位语） ）theoldassumption（古老原则（引导同位语）authorities（）maysearchthroughthepossessionsof satthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.[拓展 官 九 ☆☆长难句长难句三重境界：（通过长难句三重境界：（通过翻译，理清逻辑主非主逻【3段】27Thecourtwould（作者态度情态动词表示，包括其否定形式）berecklessly（欠考虑地）modest（谦虚的）ifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinesto lawyersanddefendants.[拓展adj代表方向，修正后边的【4段】TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthrough’spurse.Thecourthasruledthat don’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchthe【5段】Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeesensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.Citizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivate storemainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.【6段】Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycasesitwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomfortocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomore【7段】ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenew ofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.全文：问题、我们能否搜查其问TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhetherduringanarrest,itislegitimate（合法[细节题 searchfor s’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.✘搜查≠搜查里边的隐私C]check s’phonecontents（同义改写）withoutbeingauthorized（=warrant）.✔ sfromusingtheirmobilephones.✘Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof＿.作者 A]disapproval.✔C]tolerance.✘Theauthorbelievesthatexploring（搜查）one’sphonecontentsiscomparableto＿.A]gettingintoone’sresidence.✔B]handlingone’shistoricalrecords.C]scanningone’scorrespondences.D]goingthroughone’swallet.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparableto＿.A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.B]B]thecourtislessroomforcitizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyphonesareusedtostoresensitive30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat＿.A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementednewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheCalifornia’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered转折处（注意末段objective客观的（中）objectionable令 的（负 【【1段】IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant（）.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprime（巅峰）in1960,onlyoneintenAmericanernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethan（比较）halfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesare【2段】Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanthings40.JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisoneof【末段】【末段】JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenorms（常规的）ofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuit（适合）thosewhowanttostayput（稳定）butisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthe oftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,bt表示递进关系）apublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.↓（情态动词表作者态度35.theauthor’s35.theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsisA]indifferent✘B]negative↓✔C]positive↑✘D]biased✘【1段】Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviorshabitsamongconsumersThesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.【末段】Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentless↓advertisingAsthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveerupted（喷发）whenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeauty↓creamsorunhealthyfoods.（adj、adv表作者态度22.Theauthor’sattitude22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVisA]critical↓✔B]supportive✘C]sympathetic✘D]ambiguous✘【3段】Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutes（通勤，坐车往返）towork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandless↓ofitwatching evision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhop monthsayear ng,andishardlyjollierforit).（时间）对比本质是转折处灵活(二40.RegardingthefutureoftheEU40.RegardingthefutureoftheEU，theauthorseemstofeel A]pessimistic✘desperateconceitedhopeful【【1段】WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit？Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject‘sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt，populationdeclineandlowergrowth.【末段】ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld‘slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest，theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal：builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries，itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods，capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization，andmakecapitalismbenign.末段转折【1段】ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasits【1段】ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisfavorabletosaytheleast."Hooray!Atlast!"wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.【末段】OnepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecordGilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynotedAlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto"amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization."Butwhatwillbethenatureofthat（问号、but）Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorA]doubtful.↓✔=？B]enthusiastic.↑✘C]confident.↑✘D]puzzled.↑✘(一【【1段】ComeonEverybody’sngit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalf（半推半就）iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressureItusuallyleadstonogood-drinking↓,drugs↓andcasualsex↓.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.【末段】Farlesscertainhowever（转折上面的↑）ishowsuccessfully（文章主要25.TheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureA]harmful✘有害的desirable✘profound✘questionable✔件事情多么成功是无法确定的）件事情多么成功是无法确定的）expertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmatesThetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.专家学者成功引导同龄人向好方向是不确定的。↓英语怀【4段】Unfortunay（but、yet、however不具有的态度）thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortly【4段】Unfortunay（but、yet、however不具有的态度）thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.?Theprospectseems(一)2007Text2（IQ测试Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?A]Supportive.✘.Impartial.Biased.【1段】Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequencesamongothersimilartasksSoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondnessOrwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.【2段】Clearly,inligence passesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofinligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?【3ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.……【4段】Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowInligentIsInligenceTesting?”,……练习：英语一（作业中心及态度 把文章中的转折词、形容词、副词、情态动词画出近五 80％作者态度题都是怀疑（自己要动脑子，不要过分依赖技巧(二外来的人什么态度，产生什么影作者态度的对象就是文章的中心（英语一注意AccordingtoParagraph1，Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor＿. A]gainingexcessiveprofits✘细节错误failingtofulfillherdutyrefusingtomakecompromises✘leavingtheboardintoughtimes✘WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe＿. A]generousinvestors✘没有谈到unbiasedexecutivessharepriceforecasters✘independentadvisersAccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector‘ssurprisedeparture，thefirmislikelyto＿. reportincreasedearnings✘偷换概念增加营收 dolesswellinthestockmarketperformworsein ）✘偷换概念更糟的 Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors. A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirmB]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrong ngsinthefirmC]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirmD]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirmTheauthor‘sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis＿. ☆[态度题]A]permissive✘B]positive✔C]scornful✘D]critical✘串联全文段落，（通常作者的观点态度和大众不同yearlatershebecame ofBrownUniversity.FortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticismButbytheendof2009MsSimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee；howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked？ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime，shesaid.21题‘