Pygmalion(皮革马利翁)的详细介绍与拓展

PygmalionbyGeorgeBernardShawOutlinePartI.QuzziPartII.AuthorandthebackgroundPartIII.PygmalionEffectPartIV.PlotPartV.CharactersAnalysisPartVI.ExtensionPartIQuizz...

1.ThistextismainlyaboutHenryHigginsandColonelPickering_________aboutteachingEliza.A.makingaconversationB.quarrelingC.makingabetD.fighting一、选择题

2.ElizacametovisitHenryHigginsandColonelPickeringinordertoletthem_________A.givehersomemoneyB.giveherajobasaflowershop’sassistantC.teachherspeakwellD.haveabath

3.Elizaonlyofferedthem________iftheycouldteachher.A.1shillingB.2shillingsC.nothingD.3shillings

4.HenryHigginsandcolonelPickeringfinallydecidedto_______Eliza.A.throwbackB.teachC.onlyteachherhowtospeakD.beat

5.Elizarefusedtohaveabath,fromwhatshesaid,wecaninferthatsheliveda________life.A.miserableB.happyC.good

D.dirty二、判断题6、AccordingtoProfessorHiggins,itisLANGUAGEthatdecidesone'spositioninsociety.7、Accordingtothenovel,ElizaandProfessorHigginsgotmarriedintheend.三、问答题8、WhatdoyouthinkHigginswouldhavetodotochangeElizaintoalady?9、WhydidPickeringfancyhimself?10、HowdoyouthinkColonelPickering?

1.ThistextismainlyaboutHenryHigginsandColonelPickering_________aboutteachingEliza.A.makingaconversationB.quarrelingC.makingabetD.fighting

2.ElizacametovisitHenryHigginsandColonelPickeringinordertoletthem_________A.givehersomemoneyB.giveherajobasaflowershop’sassistantC.teachherspeakwellD.haveabath

3.Elizaonlyofferedthem________iftheycouldteachher.A.1shillingB.2shillingsC.nothingD.3shillings

4.HenryHigginsandcolonelPickeringfinallydecidedto_______Eliza.A.throwbackB.teachC.onlyteachherhowtospeakD.beat

5.Elizarefusedtohaveabath,fromwhatshesaid,wecaninferthatsheliveda________life.A.miserableB.happyC.good

D.dirtyAccordingtoProfessorHiggins,itisLANGUAGEthatdecidesone‘spositioninsociety.T7:Accordingtothenovel,ElizaandProfessorHigginsgotmarriedintheend.F8、WhatdoyouthinkHigginswouldhavetodotochangeElizaintoalady?InordertohaveElizamakeabigchange,Higginshastoteachherfromthealphabet9、WhydidPickeringfancyhimself?Becausehecanpronouncetwenty-fourdistinctvowelsounds.10、HowdoyouthinkColonelPickering?Heisverykindandwell-educatedPartIIAboutGeorgeBernardShaw

and

thebackground...GeorgeBernardShaw（1856-1950）●HisDramatic

Writings●PopularityofShaw●Dramatist

of

Ideas●BriefIntroduction●Mrs.Warren'sProfession●HislifetimeThePerson:

Irish

comicdramatist,literarycritic,andsocialistpropagandist（宣传者）

,winneroftheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1925.

爱尔兰剧作家,文学评论家,社会主义的宣传者,1925年因作品具有“理想主义”和“人道主义”获诺贝尔文学奖。GeorgeBernardShaw1856-1950

AfreethinkerAdefenderofwomen'srightsAadvocateofequalityofincome.BernardShawwasborninDublin,Ireland,ofEnglishparentagein1856.Hewasinterestedinliterature,musicandart.Heleftschoolat14andstartedtowork.lifeTimeHehadmuchcontactwiththepoorpeopleandcametoknowtheirmiserablelife.Between1879and1883,hestartedtoattendpublicmeetings.In1884,hejoinedtheFabianSociety.From1885,heservedasacriticofmusicanddrama,heintroduceddanewstandardinjudgingperformersandcomposers.WhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout,hedenouncedthoseimperialist

war-launchersinhisbook,CommonSenseAbouttheWar.In1925,hewontheNobelPrize..HevisitedtheformerSovietUnionin1931.In1933,hevisitedChina

andmetMadamSongQinglingandMr.LuXun.鲁迅、萧伯纳、蔡元培Shaw’sBirthplaceinDublinbedroomShaw’scornerIn1906theShawsmovedintoahouse,nowcalledShaw’sCornerShaw—DramatistofIdeas（观念剧）:ThesocialcontextoftheTheatreofIdeasisthattheendofthe19thcenturywasaperiodinwhichideasofreformflourished—socialists,feminists—andotherswereexcitedbyideas,analyzedthem,andusedthemasweaponsagainsttheestablishedtraditions.ShawandIbsen(Norwegianplaywright,ADoll'sHouse):originatedinEnglandbutborrowedfromIbsen.

IbsenHowever,ShawandIbsenaredifferentShawGeorgeBernardShawShaw—DramatistofIdeas:I、Hispurposeofwritingtheseplaysof“ideas”istodrawpeople’sattentiontothesocialproblems.

Shaw—“Dramaisnomeresettingupofthecameratonature;itisthepresentation...ofproblem.”

Shawcalledhisfirstplays“unpleasant”,because“theirdramaticpowerisusedtoforcethespectatortofaceunpleasantfact.”

GeorgeBernardShawPopularityofShaw:

Betweenthefallof1904andthesummerof1907,thenewtheatregave988performancesof32playstoitsaudiences.Amongthe32playswere11playsbyBernardShawwith701performances.GeorgeBernardShawHismainworks:

Widowers'Houses《鳏夫的房产》CashelByron‘sProfession《卡希尔·拜伦的职业》SaintJoan《圣女贞德》Pygmalion《卖花女》（1964年改编成电影《窈窕淑女》，当年获奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演、最佳改编音乐等八座小金人。）TheDevil'sDisciple《魔鬼的门徒》ManandSuperman《人与超人》HeartbreakHouse《伤心之家》Mrs.Warren'sProfession《华伦夫人的职业》MajorBarbara《巴巴拉少校》TheAppleCart《苹果车》TheDoctor'sDilemma《医生的两难选择》BacktoMethuselah《长生》或《千岁人》CaesarandCleopatra《凯撒和克娄巴特拉》Dramaticwriting:Hisfirstplayin1893,Widowers’Houses,andthen

Mrs.Warren’sProfessionThedecadeof20thcenturybeforeWWIisaperiodofhighproductivityforShaw:

ManandSuperman(1903)《人与超人》

MajorBarbara(1907)《芭芭拉上校》

Pygmalion(1914)《卖花女》；《窈窕淑女》GeorgeBernardShawWidowers'HousesManandSupermanMajorBarbaraPygmalion

——MyFairLadyWWIisaturningpointforShaw.His

anti-warspeechesandhispamphlet

CommonSenseabouttheWar

madehimthetarget['tɑ:git]ofmuchcriticism.

HeartbreakHouse(1919),《伤心之家》

Saint

[seint]

Joan

[dʒəun]

(1924)

《圣女贞德》GeorgeBernardShawFeaturesofhisplay萧伯纳的戏剧最突出的特点是紧密结合现实政治斗争，敢于触及资本主义社会最本质的问题，把剥削阶级的丑恶嘴脸暴露在公众前。revealsocialconflictsAStrongSenseofComedyStrikinglyeasy,dazzlinglywittydialogueMrs.Warren’sProfession:

.TheplayMrs.Warren’sProfessionwascalledbythewriterhimself“PlaysUnpleasant”.Unpleasanttheyweretothebourgeois(资产阶级）public,becauseG.B.Shawattackedinthemthevicesofcapitalistsociety.Mrs.Warren'sProfessionLeadingRolesMrs.KittyWarren-Anattractive,middle-agedbusinesswoman,madewealthybyrunningastringofbrothels（妓院）Mr.Praed-AfriendofMrs.Warren,middle-agedandattractive,agoodmanSirGeorgeCrofts-Mrs.Warren'sbusinesspartner--middle-aged,stodgy,entitledmemberoftheupperclassReverendSamuelGardner-AlocalministerandVivie'sbiologicalfatherVivieWarren-Mrs.Warren'sdaughter,justgraduatedfromcollegewithhonors.FrankGardner-YouthfulsonofReverendGardner.2.Thewritershowsthatundertheguiseofbourgeoisrespectability，horriblecrimesandcorruptionareconcealed.InthisplayShawaccusesthebourgeoisieofmakingprofitbyfosteringprostitution（卖淫）.Mrs.Warren’sprofessioniskeepingbrothels.Mr.Croftsisherpartnerinthisbusiness.

Theplaytellsanoutrageous（令人吃惊的）truthinamoribund（垂死的）capitalistsociety,evenprostitutioncanbemadeameansofexploitationbyanex-prostituteMrs.Warren,andasoundinvestmentbyarespectablearistocrat（贵族）SirGeorgeCrofts在艺术手法上，他通过人物对话和思想感情交锋来表现性格冲突和主思想。作品批判不讲道德、贪婪、腐朽的资产阶级生活。揭发披华贵外衣者的堕落，揭露了资本主义社会的经济基础但对华伦夫人这类卖淫从业者给予了深切同情，因为逼良为娼是社会的罪恶。Pygmalion:BackgroundPygmalion:Background

PygmalionissetinLondon,England,aroundthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.DuringthistimeinLondon,working-classpeoplelikeElizaDoolittlePygmalion:Background

livedinslums（贫民窟）hadnoheatorhotwaterhadtoputcoinsinametertogetelectriclightPygmalion:Background

TheclassstructureinEnglandatthistimewasveryrigid.upperclassmiddleclassworkingclassPygmalion:Background

Thegovernmentdidprovidesomeschooling.However,aneducationdidnotteachtheproperspeechthatwasconsideredasignoftheupperclass.Pygmalion:Background

Thewaythatmanyworking-classpeoplespokewasanobstacle（障碍）totheirbecomingmiddleclass.PartIIIPygmalionEffect...Whatmythbehind"Pigmalion"?

Actually,”Pigmalion”iscamefromGreekstory.Pigmalion,akingofCyprus(塞浦路斯）wasafamousscuptorandhehadnointerestinlocalwomen.Hefoundthemimmoralandfrivolous,instead,heconcerntratedonhisartuntilonedayheranacrossalarge,flawlesspieceofivoryanddecidedtocarveabeautifulwomanfromit.

Whenhehadfinishedthestatue,Pigmalionfounditsolovelyandtheimageofhisidealwomanthatheclothedthefigureandadornedherinjewels.hegavethestatueaname“Galatea”(伽拉泰亚）,sleepingloveHefoundhimselfobsessedwithhisidealwoman,sohewenttothetempleofAphrodit(阿芙洛忒迪,希腊神话中的爱神)tobegforawifeasperfectashisstatue.Aphroditewascuriousaboutit.soshevisitedthesculptorandwascharmedbyhiscreation,actually,Galateawastheimageofherself.flattered,Aphroditebroughtthestatuetolife.whenPigmalionreturned,hefoundheralive.Burne-Jones,Edward“PygmalionandtheImageSeries:TheSoulAttains”1878Whilehestandsastonishedandglad,,Healsofearedthathemightbeinthedream,sohetouchestheobjectofhishopesagainandagainwithalover‘sardor.

Itwasindeedalive!Finally,theygotmarriedashehadwhished.Butnow...Pigmalioneffect(皮革马利翁效应）“Whatwebelieveinfluenceshowwebehave.Likewise,howwebehaveimpactswhatpeoplethinkaboutus.Inturn,thisaffectshowothersbehavetowardsus.Ultimately,howtheybehavetowardsusreinforceswhatwebelievedaboutourselvesinthefirstplace.”RelationbetweenPigmalionand“myfairlady”Relationandcomparasion???ThethemeoftheGreekstory:Pygmalion,anartistcreatedastatuefromstoneandmadeithaveanewlife.Thethemeof“Myfairlady”:Higgins,aphoneticsturnedagirlfromlowerclasspeopletoafairladybyteachingherEnglishandhowtobehaveingracefulway.PartIVPlot...HenryHigginsAphoneticprofessor

Elizabeth

Doolittle

a

flower

girl

！Shewantstolearntospeakproperlysothatshecangetajobinaflowershopinsteadofsellingflowersonthestreet.ElizacomestoHiggins’shousetoaskhimtogiveherspeechlessons.HenryHigginsColonelPickeringbet★dress★train

“thisisthehardestformetodo.”★takehertothepartyFreddyEynsford-HillAfterallofthehardwork,Elizabecameareallady.Ontheroyalball,shewasconsideredasaprincessbytheroyallinguist.“itisabigsuccess.”Asbeingoverlooked,Elizalefthenry’shouse.HenrywasangryandlookingforElizaeverywhere.HefoundElizawasinhismother’shouse.It’sthetimeforhimtofollowhisheart.PartVCharactersAnalysis...ElizaDoolittle(E):apoorflowergirlwhoisambitioustoimproveherself.ColonelPickering(P):anofficerinthearmyandlaterafriendof

Higgins’whosetshimatask.

Let’scheckProfessorHiggins(H):anexpertinphonetics,convincedthatthequality

ofaperson’sEnglishdecides

his/

herpositioninsociety.

MaincharactersfrommiddleclassElizaDiscussion

Henry

HigginsfromupperclassTextrudeimpatientconfidentsuperiorself-importantColonelPickeringkindpoliteconfidentgenerousenthusiasticeageranxiousunsureemotionalambitiousfromlowerclassComprehending

CharacterPositioninsocietyEvidenceintheplayElizaLowerclassBehavior:respectfultopeopleofhigherclassLanguage:callsgentleman“sir”and“cap’in”(orcaptain)whichisacomplimentCharacterPositionInsocietyEvidenceintheplayHenryHigginsBehavior:rude(andpatronizing)tolowerclass;politetosameorupperclassLanguage:callsEliza“yousillygirl”andPickering“mydearman”(anequalandfriend)MiddleclassCharacterPositioninsocietyEvidenceintheplayColonelPickeringBehavior:generallyconfidentandpolite;butignoresElizaLanguage:preparedtobeginaconversationwithHenry,whomhedoesnotknow;generouswithpraisetohimUpperclassPartVIExtension ...ReceivedPronunciation标准发音*

ReceivedPronunciation(RP)isthestandardaccentofStandardEnglishinEngland.Theaccentemergedfromthe18th-and19th-Centuryaristocracy(贵族),andhasremainedthe“goldstandard”eversince.RPisthekindofEnglishthatusedtobespokenontelevisionorradio.It'sveryrarethatyou'llfindsomeonewhoreallyspeaksRPEnglish,probablythequeenisoneofthefewpeoplewhospeakthatway.(BBCEnglish,OxfordEnglish,Queen’sEnglish)Cockneyaccent伦敦东郊贫民英语*

Cockneyhasbothageographicandalinguisticconnotation.Geographically,itisoftenusedtorefertoworking-classLondonersinthe

East-End.Linguistically,itcanrefertotheaccentandformofEnglishspokenbythisgroup.

CockneyaccentisprobablythesecondmostfamousofBritishAccents.ItoriginatedintheEastEndofLondon,butsharesmanyfeatureswithandinfluencesotherdialectsinthatregion.

CockneyEnglish一个很明显的特点是吞音，比如单词开头的h被dropped：him---‘im,have-‘ave,在TV里面t吞音更常见，你是否听过有人大喊ge(t)ou(t).CockneyRhymingSlang(同韵俚语)isaformofphraseconstructionwhichinvolvesreplacingacommonwordwitharhymingphraseoftwoorthreewordsandthen.applesandpearsstairsdogandbone